Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fasted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings.
| A．However, a fasted workout might not work for you. |
| B．How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity. |
| C．These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body. |
| D．To eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds. |
| E．Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice. |
| F．Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat. |
| G．A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Why do some people live to be older than others?You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise,etc.But what effect does your personality have on your longevity?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing,more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people.Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span.These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly,however,other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.Those who were more self-disciplined,for instance,were no more likely to live to be very old.Also,being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life,which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate.But the new paper suggests that if you want long life,you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately,another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity.That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious,depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets.Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults,which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny(命运),and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change.But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
1. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？| A．Helpful people can live a relatively long life. |
| B．Readiness to accept new ideas offer more possibility to enjoy longevity. |
| C．Being self-discipline makes no difference to longevity. |
| D．Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times. |
| A．have a good understanding of evolution. | B．are more likely to recover from hardship. |
| C．are probably more active and neurotic. | D．generally appear more resourceful. |
| A．Children’s personality characteristics are always shared by their mothers. |
| B．People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die at a young age. |
| C．Mothers’ may have a longer influence on children than fathers’. |
| D．Mothers’ ancient may affect their children’s life spans. |
| A．A mixture of mental and physical health produces longevity. |
| B．A person’s lifestyle is largely related to his or her health. |
| C．Personality plays a decisive and significant role in how healthy one is. |
| D．Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span. |
【推荐2】When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes, which should come first-changing your diet or becoming more physically active?
Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends (趋向) to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.
So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed in making diet and fitness changes at the same time; the second group was taught about diet changes first, and then fitness changes four months later; the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later; and the final, control group was not instructed in either diet or fitness changes but in how to manage their stress.
The researchers followed the groups for a full year. Compared to the control group, the three intervention (干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.
The findings show, however, that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.
1. How is Paragraph 3 developed?| A．By giving examples. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By analyzing causes. | D．By making classifications. |
| A．The first group. | B．The second group. |
| C．The third group. | D．The control group. |
| A．Changing eating habits first may be reasonable. |
| B．Diet and exercise changes should be made orderly. |
| C．Diet and exercise changes are equally hard to make. |
| D．Diet and exercise should be processed at the same time. |
| A．Changing your habits for better health |
| B．Ways to lead a healthy and balanced life |
| C．Making healthy lifestyle changes really counts |
| D．Timing matters in making diet and exercise changes |
【推荐3】Over the past few months, people in the United States have been watching some unusual television advertisements (广告). They are unusual because they advertise a product that no American uses now or is likely to use in the future.
The advertisements show that a product called golden rice will help prevent blindness in millions of children.
None of these children live in the United States. They live in countries where white rice forms the main part of the diet. Too much white rice without other food causes lack of vitamin A. This can lead to blindness.
Golden rice has been developed to solve this problem through genetic (基因的) engineering. As well as TV advertisements, most news media carried stories on this great scientific development that would help some of the poorest children in the world.
It could also save the science of genetic engineering. People in Europe and America have learned more about genetically modified (转基因的) food over the past few years. And the more they learn, the less they like what they hear. People like science. And people like to eat food. But they would like the two things kept separate.
The truth is that a child would have to eat 9 kilograms of golden rice every day to get enough vitamin A. And Gordon Conway of the Rockefeller Foundation, which helped the development of golden rice, says that the advertisements have gone too far.
Perhaps the main purpose of golden rice is to get people to accept genetically modified food. The TV advertisements sent a very clear message—if you don’t accept this technology then poor children will go blind. It cost US $50 million to get that message across. That would buy a lot of food for poor children.
What do the people who are said to benefit from golden rice think of being part of this great scientific and social argument? Nobody knows. Nobody has asked them.
1. Why do you think children in the USA need no golden rice?| A．They do more bad than good to children. | B．It is genetically modified food. |
| C．They don’t treat it as staple food. | D．There isn’t enough vitamin A in it. |
| A．Golden rice will prevent blindness in children. |
| B．People have not accepted genetically modified food. |
| C．People know little about genetically modified food. |
| D．Golden rice is the first genetically modified food. |
| A．Food that is rich in vitamin A. |
| B．Food produced with no help from science. |
| C．Food produced in the third countries. |
| D．Food produced through genetic engineering. |
| A．They are not that useful. | B．They need improvement. |
| C．They are unbelievably practical. | D．They are put in a wrong place. |
【推荐1】When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes, which should come first-changing your diet or becoming more physically active?
Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends (趋向) to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.
So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed in making diet and fitness changes at the same time; the second group was taught about diet changes first, and then fitness changes four months later; the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later; and the final, control group was not instructed in either diet or fitness changes but in how to manage their stress.
The researchers followed the groups for a full year. Compared to the control group, the three intervention (干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.
The findings show, however, that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.
1. How is Paragraph 3 developed?| A．By giving examples. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By analyzing causes. | D．By making classifications. |
| A．The first group. | B．The second group. |
| C．The third group. | D．The control group. |
| A．Changing eating habits first may be reasonable. |
| B．Diet and exercise changes should be made orderly. |
| C．Diet and exercise changes are equally hard to make. |
| D．Diet and exercise should be processed at the same time. |
| A．Changing your habits for better health |
| B．Ways to lead a healthy and balanced life |
| C．Making healthy lifestyle changes really counts |
| D．Timing matters in making diet and exercise changes |
【推荐2】When did you last see a polar bear？On a trip to a zoo，perhaps？If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago，you would have seen a whole polar bear club.These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water.That day，the air temperature was 3℃，and the water temperature was a bit higher.The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island，New York are usually about the age of 60.Members must satisfy two requirements.First，they must get along well with everyone else in the group.This is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club.Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold－water swimming.Some are worried about the danger of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.Other doctors，however，point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold－water swimming.They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm.Cold－water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water.A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold－water swimming.
The main benefits (or advantages) of cold－water swimming are probably mental.The Polar Bears love to swim year－round；they find it fun and relaxing.As one 70－year－old woman says.“When I go into the water，I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”
1. The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that ________．| A．they must reach the age of 60 |
| B．they should be easy to make friends with |
| C．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months |
| D．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February |
| A．you are healthy if cold－water swimming turns your skin color blue |
| B．cold－water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter |
| C．cold－water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high |
| D．Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water |
| A．they can remain young |
| B．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter |
| C．they find it enjoyable and interesting |
| D．they might meet fewer troubles in life |
| A．a group of cold－water swimming lovers |
| B．the polar bears' life |
| C．doctors' ideas about cold－water swimming |
| D．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club |
【推荐3】A Latin phrase beloved by every old-fashioned British schoolmaster was mens sana in corpora sano—a healthy mind in a healthy body. Greater physical activity is associated with better mental, as well as physical health. And it might also be linked to greater worker productivity, and thus faster economic growth. That is the conclusion of a new report from a European think tank — RAND.
The RAND study looks at different measures: absenteeism (when workers take time off for illness) and presenteeism (when they turn up for work but are less productive because of sickness). The latter measure was self-reported by employees, who were asked whether their work was negatively affected by health issues. The survey suggests that between 3 and 4.5 working days each year are lost as a consequence of workers being physically inactive. This is between 1.3% and 2% of annual working time. Most of this was down to presenteeism.
Another potential gain from improved fitness is reduced health-care costs. In America, where health care is often provided through employment-based systems, firms could benefit. RAND estimates that total American health savings could be $6bn a year by 2025. But the study’s authors conclude that if people met certain exercise targets, global GDP could be around 0.17-0.24% higher by 2050. Nothing to laugh at in a world of slowing growth.
How to encourage workers to become more active? Rewards are useful but only if they have conditions; giving all employees free gym membership does not seem to work. Another RAND Europe study examined an experiment in which workers were each given an Apple watch, payable in instalments (分期付款) at a discounted price—but only to those who agreed to have their physical activity monitored. Monthly repayments depended on how much exercise they took.
The problem is that many people are too optimistic about their health, ignoring the risks they face. This means that participation in workplace exercise plans tends to be low, around 7% in the sample studied by RAND. Firms are not the only ones that can encourage a healthier lifestyle; friends and families are likely to be more important. But businesses can play a bigger role.
If RAND is right, this may bring them financial benefits. Company taskmasters may yet grow fond of an adapted saying: mens sana in corporate sano.
1. What is the conclusion of the RAND report in Paragraph 1?| A．Greater physical activity may be beneficial to economy. |
| B．Physical health definitely results in mental health. |
| C．Team sports open up opportunities of career building. |
| D．Income affects the popularity of gym among workers |
| A．recovery from sickness guarantees company time |
| B．health conditions influence staff productivity |
| C．physically active staff can increase working hours |
| D．sick employees are supposed to take time off |
| A．To highlight the urgency to reduce health-care cost. |
| B．To predict the trend of global GDP by the year 2050. |
| C．To clarify the benefit of improved fitness to economy. |
| D．To warn against the slowing down of world finance. |
| A．Educating employees on the benefits of regular exercise. |
| B．Offering employees fancy sports equipment free of charge. |
| C．Monitoring employees’ physical activities every month. |
| D．Rewarding exercise takers with reduced repayment. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
