【推荐2】If you’re thinking about growing apples, now is the time to test different kinds and talk with local growers. This advice comes from gardening writer Lee Reich. His books include The Pruning (修剪) Book and Weedless Gardening. Reich grows an apple called Hudson’s Golden Gem, and he does so for one reason — the taste. He says the fruit’s wonderful taste makes it truly special.

When you buy apples at the store, your choice is limited to the 12 or more kinds available for sale. Gardeners, however, have more choices. They can plant any of more than 5,000 different kinds of apples.

Gardeners can also harvest their apples just as each kind reaches its moment of perfection. Reich says his Macoun apples taste much better than any Macoun apples found in stores. One reason is that his can be left to ripen until they nearly fall off the tree.

Here are some other flavorful apples to plant. The Ashmead’s Kernel apple was first grown more than 200 years ago in a garden belonging to Dr. Ashmead in Gloucester, England. The apple has a reddish, golden brown color. Inside, it has tasty, sharp flesh. Cox’s Orange Pippin is another old apple from England. It was first grown by Richard Cox in 1825. This apple’s orange and red color makes it unpopular in the American market. But it is loved for its strong taste. Ellison’s Orange is another British apple that came from Lincolnshire in 1911. It is a late summer or early autumn apple, golden yellow with stripes, with juicy flesh.

Before you run out to buy trees to grow the kinds you love to eat, Reich does have a warning: Apples are not easy to grow in many parts of the country. The plants require yearly pruning and insect control. But if you’re willing to learn how to keep the unwanted insects away, a few kinds of trees chosen for their taste will give you years of good eating.

1. What can we infer about Lee Reich?

A．He is a teacher.	B．He loves planting.
C．He grows a very rare kind of flower.	D．His books are about how to sell trees.

2. Why are Reich’s Macoun apples tastier than those in the store?

A．They are naturally ripe.	B．They are planted in the garden.
C．They have been picked out carefully.	D．They are genetically modified products.

3. How many types of apples are mentioned in the text?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

4. What do you need to do in planting apple trees according to the last paragraph?

A．Water enough.	B．Read many relative books.
C．Pay attention to light and nutrition.	D．Prune the trees and remove insects.

【推荐3】For teenagers, is a sense of comfort more commonly found in sports or arts? And how might this relate to their reported depressive symptoms? A new research published by the American Psychological Association suggests that teenagers participating in after-school art activities like music, drama, and painting are more likely to report depressive symptoms than their non-participating peers.

“This is not to say that depression is a necessary condition for either a teen or an adult to become an artist, nor are we showing that participating in the arts leads to mental illness,” said lead author Laura N. Young. MA. of Boston College. “However, previous research has revealed higher rates of mental illness symptoms in adult artists. We were interested in whether this association is present earlier in development.”

Interestingly, teens who engaged exclusively in sports and didn’t involve themselves in any other extracurricular activities were reported the least depressive symptoms. The researchers found no significant difference in depressive symptoms between teens involved in the arts who also did sports and those who didn’t, suggesting that arts participation, rather than a lack of sports participation, was associated with depression.

The researchers used data from the U. S. Survey of Youth collected from 2, 482 students 15 to 16 years old. The survey asked teens about their frequency of participation in arts or sports activities after school, and their experience of various moods or problems related to depression.

One theory the researchers proposed for the seeming link between the arts and mental illness symptoms is that people attracted to the arts might possess certain cognitive (认知的) qualities, such as absorbing a higher level of information from their surroundings. This could lead to general unhappiness and depression, yet also enhance creativity and artistic expression. The authors suggested that personality qualities linked to depression, like introversion (内向), might guide teens towards more individual activities like the arts.

“When positive behaviors such as being involved in the arts are associated with symptoms of mental illness, it’s essential that we understand why,” said Young. “Further research can address the question of whether possible psychological shortcomings can be transformed into benefits through the practice of the arts.”

1. What can we learn from the research findings?

A．Art activities directly lead to teen mental illness.

B．Art participation can be related to teen depression.

C．Sports are likely to increase depression rates in teens.

D．Being depressed is necessary to become an artist later.

2. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word “exclusively” in Paragraph 3?

A．only

B．rarely

C．regularly

D．diversely

3. What is Paragraph 5 of the text mainly about?

A．The overall framework of the research project

B．The direct cause of the observed phenomenon.

C．The theoretical basis of the possible connection.

D．The methods applied in conducting the research.

4. According to Young, what should follow-up researches focus on?

A．How to reduce depressive symptoms through sports.

B．How to identify the positive impacts of the association.

C．How to prove the link between creativity and depression.

D．How to turn potential mental weaknesses into strengths.

【推荐3】Another year, another Nobel snub for every screenwriter there is. The Nobel Prize began in 1901, and 120 years later, no writer whose primary work is for the screen has been awarded the top literary prize on earth.

In some ways, this makes sense. When the first Nobels were awarded, movies were still a new art form. Even now, film and screenwriting generally aren’t taken as seriously as their more honored literary cousins.

But in other regards, screenplays are among the most-consumed forms of literature in existence, and movies are increasingly considered an outstanding art form. Moreover, the Swedish Academy’s Nobel Prize Committee has signaled its interest in awarding nontraditional forms of literature.

Of course, many writers who’ve won Nobel Prizes also wrote screenplays, but none of those honorees worked first and foremost as screenwriters. William Faulkner, for example, wrote dozens of movies for Hollywood studios, but he was cited by the Swedes specifically for his “powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”. Kazuo Ishiguro, likewise an occasional screenwriter, was singled out for his “novels of great emotional force”. Even Peter Handke, whose literature award is the closest the Swedish Academy uses to honor a screenwriter, was recognized as one of the greatest novelists of his generation.

Some have argued screenwriting is simply too cooperative an art form for the Nobels to honor a single “author” of a film, especially since dialogue can be improvised by the actors on set. But fiction can also be wildly cooperative. It seems strange for screenwriters alone to be dismissed completely on this ground.

Perhaps it still comes down to seriousness. The Nobel Prize in Literature has changed over the years. No longer can it award writers without fear of criticism — either for being too obscure, or too crowd-pleasing, or too controversial, or otherwise just plain disappointing. People would roll their eyes if a lowly screenwriter won the most renowned literary award in the world.

Even so, it seems silly to give that explanation in 2021, when you can discover some of the year’s best writing on your TV After all, as film director Alfred Hitchcock once said, “To make a good film, you need three things: the scrip, the scrip, and the script.” And certainly, there have been good—great—films in the past 12 decades. Nobel recognition of their writers is long overdue.

1. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．No screenwriter has been awarded the Nobel Prize.

B．Few literary prizes recognize the efforts of screenwriters.

C．Screenwriters have stayed as backstage heroes for a long time.

D．The Nobel Prize fails to consider screenplays as literary works.

2. Why does the author mention the three writers in paragraph 4?

A．To awaken readers’ passion for literature.

B．To make a comparison among literary giants.

C．To show each writer’s contribution to literature.

D．To stress their role as screenwriters was overlooked.

3. What reason for screenwriters’ being snubbed by the Nobel Prize does the author support?

A．A decline of excellent screenplays.	B．The late start of the movie industry.
C．A lack of seriousness in screenwriting.	D．The difficulty in identifying honorees.

4. What do we know about screenwriting from the passage?

A．Screenwriting came into existence long before movie did.

B．People would feel it annoying to award Nobel Prize to screenwriting.

C．Screenwriting as well as fiction has long been rejected in Nobel Prize.

D．Screenwriting has been awarded Nobel Prize in Literature several times.

5. What does the author intend to show in the last paragraph?

A．Screenplays have improved a lot over the years.

B．Good screenplays can still be found on television.

C．The script determines the stand or fall of a movie.

D．Good screenwriters should receive Nobel recognition.