1 . Air pollution is one of the world’s invisible killers. It causes seven million deaths a year, making it the largest single environmental health risk. In cities, air pollution is particularly serious. More than 80% of people live in the areas where pollution levels are beyond WHO limits.
One well-established way to reduce air pollution is to plant trees, as their leaves catch and absorb (吸收) harmful particulates (微粒). But planting new trees is not always a good choice for lack of enough space. That’s why the “City Tree”, a mobile tree which removes pollutants from the air, has been becoming popular in cities around the world, including Oslo, Paris, Brussels and Hong Kong.
Each City Tree is just under 4 meters tall, nearly 3 meters wide and 2.19 meters deep, acting as a chair or a bench. A screen is included for information or advertising. Berlin-based Green City Organization explains that its invention has the environmental benefit of up to 275 actual trees.
But the City Tree isn’t, in fact, a tree at all—it’s a moss culture (青苔培植). “Moss cultures have a much larger leaf surface area than any other plant. That means we can catch more pollutants,” said Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Organization.
The huge surfaces of moss in each tree can remove dust, NO₂ and O₃ gases from the air. It requires very little care: solar panels provide electricity, while rainwater is collected into a container and then sent into the soil.
To monitor the health of the moss, the City Tree has sensors (传感器) which measure soil humidity (湿度), temperature and water quality.“We also have pollution sensors inside the trees, which help monitor the local air quality and tell us how efficient the tree is,” Wu said. Its creators say that each City Tree is able to absorb around 250 grams of particulate matter a day and contributes to removing 480 tons of CO₂ a year.
1. What is the City Tree?| A．It is an ordinary tree growing leavers. | B．It is a moss culture absorbing pollutants. |
| C．It is a mobile tree providing rainwater. | D．It is a mobile tree offering electricity. |
| A．It can be used for advertisement. | B．It is very easy to move. |
| C．It requires very little care. | D．It takes up less space. |
| A．Soil and rainwater. | B．Temperature and humidity. |
| C．Solar panels and sensors. | D．Moss culture and management. |
| A．The City Tree needs a lot of care. |
| B．The City Tree has environmental benefits as actual trees. |
| C．Pollution sensors in the tress can help protect the environment. |
| D．Planting new trees is a good choice to fight against air pollution in the city. |
| A．Pressing. | B．Promising. | C．Confusing. | D．Worrying. |
2 . The greatest ship, Titanic, left for New York from England on April 10, 1912. At that time, it was considered as an unsinkable (永不沉没的) ship. However, Titanic went down on its first trip with heavy loss of life.
The Titanic was built in Northern Ireland to take people across the Atlantic Ocean. Four days after setting out, the Titanic sailed (航行) into the cold, open sea of North Atlantic Ocean. That Sunday night, the sea was calm but dark. Suddenly, at about 11:40, the ship workers and other passengers heard a loud noise below. After checking out, the captain (船长) found that the ship was hit by a huge iceberg (冰山) and was badly broken. Actually, the Titanic hit the larger part of the iceberg below the surface. Soon, the captain realized that the Titanic was going down rapidly and ordered to give up the ship. Thousands of people had to jump into the cold water because there were no enough life boats for every passenger. Although a message with SOS was sent to the closest ship, it couldn’t reach the Titanic soon enough. Hopelessly, two and a half hours after the Titanic hit the iceberg, it disappeared in the North Atlantic Ocean.
It’s reported that about 700 people were alive in the few lifeboats, but more than 1,500 suffered a terrible death. And the disaster was thought to be one of the most famous tragedies (悲剧 ) at sea.
1. The passage mainly talks about ________| A．the terrible result of the disaster. |
| B．how to build the greatest ship,Titanic. |
| C．the Titanic’s short trip to the Atlantic Ocean. |
| D．the captain of the Titanic and how he saved the passengers. |
| A．Only few lifeboats were provided for people on the ship. |
| B．The Titanic was considered to go down on its first trip. |
| C．On April 10, the Titanic sailed into the North Atlantic Ocean. |
| D．The Titanic hit the part of the iceberg that you can see above the surface. |
| A．Sory. | B．Worried. | C．Regretful. | D．Doubtful. |
3 . 
①Visiting any skiresort(滑雪胜地) around the world. you would certainly see a lot of skiers. You would also see quite a few snowboarders. These two sports did not always share space so happily. It took a while for people to hug snowboarding. Today, it is one of the most popular winter sports.
②Many people think that snowboarding is a recent sport. That is not true. It is believed that people snowboarded in the 1920s. They used wood or other wasted boards. They would use horse reins or another type of tie. This would help keep the board fixed to the feet.
③Many years later, others were influenced to try the same thing. In 1965, a picture was taken of a skier’s special idea. He had tied two skis together. He put a rope at the front to make it easy to move. The skier called it a Snurfer. He thought of it as a snow surfboard. The idea took off. It spread more through the 1970s. More and more skiers had an interest in the sport. It was hard to find a place to go and snowboard, however. Some resorts only allowed skiing. This began to change in the 1980s.
④Soon after, the rest of the world began to learn about the sport. It was first shown at the Olympics in 1998. It continued to catch on with fans. The younger kids who first started to snowboard became quite good. There were competitions. These players were at the top of the sport. They were able to do amazing things.
⑤Today, snowboarding still remains popular. A lot of young kids try it. Older fans still snowboard, too.
1. What did people use to snowboard in the 1920s?| A．Plastic boards. | B．Wooden boards. | C．Metal boards. | D．Stone boards. |
| A．The idea was a success. | B．The idea was a failure. |
| C．The idea was added. | D．The idea was refused. |
a. Snowboarding became an Olympic event.
b. The Snurfer appeared.
c. People used horse reins to keep the board fixed to the feet.
d. More resorts allowed snowboarding.
| A．abcd | B．badc | C．cbda | D．cdba |
| A．Snowboarding is a recent sport. |
| B．Only young kids have interests in snowboarding. |
| C．Snowboarders also compete in this sport besides having fun. |
| D．Snowboarding became popular all over the world soon after it appeared. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
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5 . ①The Monkey King is coming to the world of AAA video games.
②On August 20th, 2020, the Chinese game developer Game Science showed a 13-minute video about its action role-playing game (动作类角色扮演游戏)—Black Myth: Wukong (《黑神话：悟空》). Within one day, the video got nearly 2 million views on YouTube and 10 million views on Bilibili.
③Every year on August 20th, the developer Game Science showed a new video about the development progress of the game. However, what’s different this year is that we finally got to play it. On August 20th, 2023, in Hangzhou, 1000 players from all over China were invited to play the latest demo (试玩版) of the game. And three days later in Cologne, games from all over the world came to play it at Gamescom 2023. Some even waited for more than 5 hours only to play it for 45 minutes. On August 25th, the game won the Award of Best Visuals (最佳视觉效果奖).
④The Monkey King has appeared in video games before, but seldom has that been in a game made by a Chinese company which paid so much attention to showing Chinese traditional culture.
⑤“We’ve just been so interested with this Chinese mythology,” Game Science boss Feng Ji told the Unreal Engine website. That interest led to years of study on the Monkey King. But while Black Myth: Wukong is set in the world of Journey to the West, the 500-year-old book was not enough for the game developers.
⑥“To create a fascinating Chinese story, we also looked to many Chinese classics, taking ideas from their stories, characters and monsters, for example, The Classic of Mountains and Seas (《山海经》), The Investiture of the Gods (《封神演义》), Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio (《聊斋志异》), Wuxia novels by Jin Yong and Gu Long and science fictions by Liu Cixin. They all inspired the making of the game,” said Feng.
⑦For Chinese game industry and Chinese traditional culture, there is also a “journey to the west”. Since the full game of Black Myth: Wukong is due to come out next summer, there are reasons to believe that, with time given, Game Science will make its way!
1. Which of the following is the right order according to the passage?a. Players from all over the world played Black Myth: Wukong.
b. Players from all over China played Black Myth: Wukong.
c. Game Science showed videos about Black Myth: Wukong.
d. Black Myth: Wukong won the Award of Best Visuals.
| A．a b c d | B．c d b a | C．c b a d | D．b a d c |
| A．The Chinese classics. |
| B．Wuxia novels and science fictions. |
| C．Jin Yong, Gu Long and Liu Cixin. |
| D．The game developers. |
| A．①②/③④/⑤⑥/⑦ | B．①/②③④/⑤⑥/⑦ |
| C．①②/③/④⑤⑥/⑦ | D．①/②③/④⑤⑥/⑦ |
| A．The game industry in China is better than that in western countries. |
| B．There is a long way to go for Chinese traditional culture to be known around the world. |
| C．Game science will take a trip to the west next summer. |
| D．We can play Black Myth: Wukong for free next summer. |
6 . German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time, the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship. In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity — Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn — offer an original and penetrating (犀利的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever, by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics — and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains, Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past. He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch, but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics. The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein. When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that, without their contributions, he would not have formulated (阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925. Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein, of all people, revolutionized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, to understand his genius, one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly. Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
1. What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein?| A．Opposing. | B．Favorable. | C．Ambiguous. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．From nothing. | B．Up to a certain standard. |
| C．By learning from others. | D．With previous knowledge. |
| A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. |
| B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. |
| C．Their research contributed to Einstein’s success. |
| D．Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. |
| A．A guidebook to a course. | B．An introduction to a book. |
| C．An essay on Albert Einstein. | D．A review of physics development. |
请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。
The Duku Highway is a very famous road in Xinjiang. It is known for its beautiful views and exciting journey. The road was completed in September, 1983, running over 500 kilometers, from a city called Dushanzi to Kuga.
The highway is surrounded (环绕) by high mountains and wide grasslands. If you drive on this road, you will see amazing snow-covered mountaintops and green fields. The road takes you through lots of canyons (峡谷) and rivers, and you can see wonderful views at every turn.
One of the best parts of the Duku Highway is the Tianshan Grand Canyon which is 48 kilometers from Urumqi. This is a really big canyon with red and yellow cliffs (悬崖). It is the perfect place to take pictures. You can also go hiking there, and enjoy the fresh air and peaceful environment.
Another place you must visit on the Duku Highway is the colorful Danxia Landform (丹霞地貌). It is an area where the rocks and cliffs have been changing over time. The rocks are bright red, orange, and yellow. That’s why it is called “colorful Danxia”.
The Duku Highway is really a great place for people who love nature. However, when you enjoy the view, do remember those soldiers who built the road for 10 years, and 168 of them lost their lives for it. Therefore, this road is also known as “The Road of Heroes”.
1. When was the Duku Highway completed?2. What will people see if they drive on the Duku Highway?
3. How far is the Tianshan Grand Canyon from Urumqi?
4. Why is Danxia Landform called “colorful Danxia”?
5. What is Duku Highway also known as?
B. 书面表达
作文要求：
(1) 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息；
(2) 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名；
(3) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
Love Travel, Love Life
By Li Ming
Nowadays, more and more people love to travel.
Chinstrap penguins in Antarctica get their name from the thin black line under their chins, which looks like a strap (带子) holding on a black hat.
The parent must always remain careful. Birds called brown skuas feeds on the eggs and young penguins of careless parents.
In a new study, scientists report that chinstrap penguins take thousands of tiny naps (打盹) each day. Each nap or “microsleep”—lasts only about 4 seconds.
The scientists became interested in whether the penguins were sleeping after one scientist noticed that the chinstrap parents blinking (眨眼睛) their eyes. So the scientist and his team placed tiny electrical devices (电气设备) on the heads of 14 chinstrap penguins.
It’s not clear if the microsleeps allow the penguins to actually feel relaxed. But the penguins are able to keep the pattern up for weeks, which allows them to protect their nests, eggs and babies.
| A．Raising young penguins is a challenge. |
| B．They get a daily total of about 11 hours of sleep. |
| C．Like other penguins, they spend much of their time in the water, catching fish to eat. |
| D．But it’s hard to stay awake and protect a nest 24 hours a day. |
| E．It’s surprising that they can keep going and raise their young. |
| F．They allowed the scientists to see the brain activity of the penguins. |
9 . Rainforests (热带雨林) cover six percent of the earth’s surface. There are rain forests in many parts of theworld, but the biggest forests are in South America, Africa and South East Asia. There aren’t any rain forests in Europe or North America.
About 75% of all the types of animals come from rainforests.
The rain forests are very important for us. We need them! The trees and other plants in the forest help to make the air that we breathe.
| A．It is also very dark there. |
| B．They also help to control the weather. |
| C．Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. |
| D．Unluckily, in many places, the rainforests are in danger. |
| E．The same thing is happening now in many other parts of the world. |
10 . It was a February afternoon. We were in a classroom. Taylor Angler watched some ducks swimming on a farm. But it was all in her head. A virtual reality headset (虚拟现实头戴式显示设备) took her there. “I was surprised to find that the ducks were right in front of me! It was an exciting experience (经历).” Taylor said after taking off the purple headset and finding herself still in the classroom. Many students around the world are taking VR “trips” like Taylor. But what change does it cause in learning?
Taking children to visit different places is a good way to teach them about the world. But what can children do if they forget it after the trip? VR lets children go back at any time.
It’s difficult to talk about something if you didn’t see it with your own eyes in the past. If you didn’t see the ocean, with VR, now you can have a look at it for yourself.
VR can also help students in science classes at school. “Too often at school, when you do experiments (实验), you put different kinds of chemicals together and then get the result. And if you aren’t successful, you need to do it again,” a high school teacher said. “But we don’t have enough chemicals. With VR, I just need to do it again on the computer. I don’t have to use chemicals.”
VR is useful, but that’s not to say we don’t need real-world experiences. The real world is what we really need to learn about.
1. How does the writer start the passage?| A．By following the time order. | B．By showing a study result. |
| C．By giving some numbers. | D．By writing a girl’s experience. |
| A．She visited a farm herself. | B．She wore a red headset. |
| C．She was in a classroom. | D．She took a trip with her classmates. |
| A．VR does homework for students. |
| B．VR lets students visit some places again at any time. |
| C．With VR, students can have a look at something for themselves. |
| D．With VR, students can do experiments on the computer instead of using chemicals. |
| A．Reading books. | B．Telling stories. |
| C．Watching TV. | D．Taking them to visit different places. |
(①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph 4 ⑤=Paragraph 5)
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
