1 . How many bosses could rely on their employees threatening to quit in mass if they were abruptly forced out? Sam Altman received such a show of support from more than 700 staff after he was fired from Open AI that he was swiftly restored to his position by the board. But this level of loyalty is not typical and may not always be a good thing.

Management experts say staff who are loyal to their employer are inclined to invest more time and effort in their jobs, helping to create an engaged and higher performing workplace. In turn they receive pro notions and pay rises. They have a greater sense of belonging and potentially a longer career at the same organisation. But it is not all rosy. People who are too loyal are more likely to take actions that are deemed wrong to keep their jobs and protect their employer, according to a 2021 academic paper. They might overlook wrongdoing and be less likely to expose corruption. Loyalty is sometimes seen as such a force for good that it can be used to justify bad behavior.

Often companies and senior bosses are the real winner a of employee loyalty. Research led by Matthew Stanley at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business published this year, found that managers were more likely to exploit loyal individuals. Stanley recruited almost 1,400 managers to read about a fictional 29-year-old employee called John, who worked for a company that was trying to keep costs down. They had to decide how willing they would be to ask John to work longer hours and take on more work without more pay. Researchers created various situations including labelling John as loyal versus other traits such as honest and fair. Managers were more willing to ask loyal John to take on the burden of unpaid work.

However, Consultancy Gallup’s latest state of the workplace report showed that half of the 122, 416 employees who took part in a global survey were looking out for new work. “You can’t guarantee anyone will stick around these days,” says a consultant who advises boards. This is particularly true of younger generations. They trust their bosses less and are not as patient when it comes to career progression, seeing little benefit in keeping their heads down and following orders if they do not see results quickly.

5 . In 1835, William Talbot finally succeeded in producing a photograph of his country house. He declared that his was the first house ever known to have drawn its own picture. The drawing was formed “by the action of light upon sensitive paper. ” Photography offered nature a “pencil” to paint herself through optical (光学的) and chemical means alone.

By the mid-nineteenth century, people no longer needed to hire a draftsman to draw detailed images because the process could be completed instantly with a camera. Advocates for the technology stated that not only was it more precise than the human hand-it was faster and cheaper.

The removal of human fallibility in the creating process was one of photography’s biggest selling points, but this also started debates about the new medium’s implications for visual culture. Could images made largely by a machine be considered art? If so, where did human creativity fit in this process?

As the twenty-first century becomes increasingly automated (自动化的), more and more people attempt to identify where human agency exists in the technologically driven world. Images generated with artificial intelligence by companies like OpenAI are stimulating questions like those that emerged with the coming of the photograph. By typing a sentence, users can generate “new” images composed from images collected across the internet. The result has been a flood of AI-generated images in places that are previously unique to human authors. Painting competitions, commercial graphic design and the fashion of portraiture (肖像) have all since collided with the technology in troubling ways.

The fine arts were thought to be a final hold-out of human creativity, but the surprisingly high quality of AI-generated images is producing deeper questions about the nature of originality. If the history of photography tells us anything, it’s that the debate won’t be settled quickly, straightforwardly or by the institutions we typically associate with cultural gatekeeping.

6 . As my son entered adolescence, we spent most of our time in separate rooms. I know it’s _______ for teenagers to shut themselves away, but sometimes I find myself trying to think up ways to _______ him out of his bedroom.

_______ by this desire, I booked two tickets to Beijing for the September school holidays. With hurriedly packed luggage and a basic plan built around some last-minute Google searches, we _______ the airport. We landed _______ and excited at 4: 30 am. There is something very freeing about arriving in a place where you have no _______. We just walked for hours every day, _______ when we were hungry, wandering back streets, sharing more _______ than we’d shared since he was very little. Within a day he’d become the _______ , and I was the lost one. He taught me how to ________ shared electric bikes when we arrived at Xiangshan. He showed me how to accelerate and led me speeding up and down hills.

I saw him ________ in China, not the child running late for school or forgetting to eat carrots and peas, but as someone taller than me who understood when to ________ on a train so someone older could take his seat, and how to ________ buying things with his own money.

Travelling meant we were more like ________. And instead of complaining about the ________ version of him, I saw the adult he was becoming.

7 . In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground. More than 500,000 solar pumps (泵) have been set up in south Asia over the last few years and a major expansion is planned across sub-Saharan Africa.

Dustin Garrick, professor in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, along with an international team, examined the trend toward solar pumps as a clear opportunity for boosting agricultural yields and reducing poverty, but the opportunity comes with risks.

While replacing electric or gas pumps with solar-powered irrigation holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions (排放), it is not guaranteed. Farmers who have access to these pumps may expand production of crops or diversify into other activities, which are not emissions neutral. Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed. The cheap clean energy of solar pumps may lead to increased groundwater development, without necessarily decreasing overall emissions.

Despite these challenges, the clean-energy boost can serve as a stimulus for positive change in water and energy management but will require enhanced regulation and planning in both low-and high-income settings. Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels.

With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry. The rapid adoption of solar irrigation intensifies the urgency, demanding adaptation from governments and institutions to sail through these complexities.

8 . What’s the truth of joy? I was obsessed with this question when I was young. However,ever since I started my own family, this quest has been buried under my workloads and daily chores.

In 2008, Memorial Day weekend promised to deliver beautiful weather—not always the case at that time of year, so I decided to spend that Saturday shopping and do one big cleaning, starting with the garage. Our two-car garage, as always, was full of stuff. Boxes piled one on top of another, bikes crossed together. A garden hose (软水管) sat in a corner. We had to turn sideways when getting in and out. I planned to pull everything out on the driveway, hose down the entire garage, and after it was dry, put everything back more organized.

With the morning moving along, the possibility to finish the cleaning within the day began to look less and less likely. I recalled how I had been feeling discontented lately while taking care of our stuff. Here was yet another time！Then my neighbor June, who was working in her yard, heard my sigh and said jokingly, “The joy of home ownership, huh? That’s why my daughter keeps telling me I don’t need to own all this stuff.”

I don’t need to own all this stuff.

As I turned to look at the fruits of my morning labor, I began to recognize the source of my feelings for the first time. It was piled up in my driveway. As I surveyed the pile I made, the answer to the obsolete (被遗忘的) question came to light: There is more joy to be found in possessing less than we can ever find possessing more.

I ran inside the house and found my wife upstairs cleaning the bathtub. Still trying to catch my breath, tI said, “Kim, you’ll never guess what just happened. June said we don’t need to own all this stuff！”

And in that moment, a minimalist family was born.

9 . What is China? China is very diverse. It not only has skyscrapers in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but also has vast rural fields and the rural society. In September 2017, we started a social enterprise, Beyond the City, which connects urban and rural areas： hoping to help urban children expand their rural horizons and help rural children learn more about career possibilities.

We created the Rural Filed Study Project and brought 1000 children from more than 30 cities to the Tibetan area of Ganzi plateau, the terraces of the Red River in Yunnan, as well as the ancient hunting tribe of Aoluguya. Instead of traveling of teaching as volunteers, we lived in the locals’ homes and took courses in social research, opera performances, architectural design, etc.

Also, we initiated the City Career Planning Project and brought more than 100 rural children from deep within the mountains of Liangshan to Shanghai to study courses about career planning and development. so as to help them to understand all walks of life and get to know a real city life. We try our best to help them avoid the fate of dropping out when they still have the chance to choose.

Additionally, we established the Career Connection Workshop, attempting to bring quality education and career courses in first-tier cities to children in towns and small cities, connecting textbook knowledge with future careers and offline classes with online resources. Evolving from this platform, we are now embarking on the path to launch the Digital Skills Exchange Workshops within the next two years.

Beyond the City is committed to build mutual trust and connection between urban and rural areas, addressing inequalities and laying the foundations for a more equal world.