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2024高三上·全国·专题练习

1 . Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare. Zoology, or the study of animals, is a wide field with many specialties, including research, conservation, veterinary (兽医的) medicine, and the care of animals. For people with a love of animals and some training, dreams of careers in zoology may come true.

Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies. These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world. Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation, breeding programs, and habitat preservation.

Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species. Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals, or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems. Some conservationists work in educational fields, trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.

Animals are subject to illness and injury, and some careers in zoology help to create a safe, stable animal population. Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field, and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian. While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets, vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.

Humans love to observe animals, and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs. Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs, to creating the proper diet for a deer, to cleaning the tiger’s cage. Many volunteer and entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals.

Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage?
(P1=paragraph 1; P2= paragraph 2; P3= paragraph 3; P4= paragraph 1; P5= paragraph 5)
A.B.
C.D.
2024-02-07更新 | 26次组卷 | 1卷引用:高考复习第二轮-阅读理解-推理判断题
2022高三上·全国·专题练习

2 . Most parents can remember the artful mix of excitement and anxiety accompanying the choice of their baby’s name—it will follow the child his or her entire life. But the effect could be even more significant. In research recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, our research team shows that the stereotype (模式思维) that a given society has of a first name can influence the way people look.

In eight studies, we found that participants shown ID-style photos of people they’d never met were able to recognize the first name of the described person well above the chance level. In other words, there is something about an Emily that…just looks like an Emily.

If an Emily really does look like an Emily, even a computer should be able to guess her true name. The computer was even able to produce a “heat map” for each name, a face with the features that “betray” a person carrying that name shown in red or orange colors. How should we understand this effect? Until now, social psychologists knew that our facial appearance influences the extent to which others perceive us as attractive, intelligent, trustworthy or warm. These studies show that others’ perceptions of our first name are reflected in our faces.

Interestingly, the face -name effect occurs even if we can only see the hair of a person. Our hair is possibly the part of our face that we control with the most ease. The fact that this alone can produce the face name effect further illustrates the suspected self-fulfilling mechanism behind it.

Together, the eight studies suggest that we wear our social belonging on our face, and that we actively shape our features to be recognized by our reference group. Choosing baby names remains exciting. Whatever the first name you give to your child, he or she will end up wearing it.


Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
P=Paragraph
A.B.
C.D.
2022-08-22更新 | 106次组卷 | 1卷引用:考点 28-阅读理解推理判断题(重难题型)-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(全国通用)

3 . An unusual experiment in Botswana suggests that painting eyes on the rear (臀部) ends of cows may help protect them from large predators (食肉动物) like lions. Protecting cows could also end up protecting the lions from angry farmers.

Large predators like lions are under pressure. Much of the land they used to roam (徜徉) has been taken over by humans. Many are hunted illegally. One serious threat to large predators comes from farmers, who often shoot or poison them after losing farm animals for their attacks.

This has long been a problem in the Okavango Delta. Some parts of the Okavango are protected, but there are also many small farms in the area, with between 6 and 100 cows. Lions are the biggest threat to cattle in the area. At night, farmers normally keep their animals in closed areas protected from predators. But in the daytime, when many predators are most active, the cattle are allowed out to eat grass.

Scientists from the University of New South Wales wondered if painting pictures of eyes on the cows' rear ends might protect them. The idea isn't as strange as it may sound. There are many examples of animals such as butterflies or fish using fake “eyes” to protect themselves.

Working with over 2,000 cows 8 on 14 different farms in the Okavango area, the scientists tested their ideas in a four-year study. The researchers separated the cows into three different groups. They painted large eyes on the rear ends of one group of cows. The second group got simple Xs. The final group got nothing.

The eyes worked very well. Of the 683 cows with eyes painted on them, none were killed in the four-year period. Cows with nothing on their rear ends didn't do so well. Fifteen of the 835 cows with bare backsides were killed. The scientists were surprised to learn that even Xs seemed to give the cows some protection. Only 4 of the 543 cows with Xs were killed.

1. What makes farmers become a threat to large predators?
A.Hunting them for meat.
B.Defending themselves.
C.Protecting farm animals.
D.Shooting them for pleasure.
2. Why are butterflies mentioned?
A.They are close to life.
B.Their colors vary.
C.They are fierce enough.
D.Their fake eyes work.
3. How is the fifth paragraph carried out?
A.By listing the number of cows.
B.By presenting the facts of tests.
C.By analyzing the varieties of tests.
D.By showing the differences of tests.
4. What can be the best title for the text?
A.Protecting Cows Proves Urgent.
B.Lions Become Enemies of Cows.
C.Fake Eyes Protect Cows from Lions.
D.Cows Are in Danger of Extinction.

4 . For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries(边界): Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their children’s complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.

In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly appear between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics or the proper way to break an egg —the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something - and therefore to command respect, Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

1. Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?
A.Both can continue for generations.
B.Neither can be put to an end.
C.Neither has any clear winner.
D.Both are about where to draw the line.
2. What does the author mean by saying “the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely” in Paragraph 2?
A.The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.
B.The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.
C.The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.
D.The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.
3. Parents and teens want to be right because they want to_______.
A.give orders to the other
B.gain respect from the other
C.know more than the other
D.get the other to behave properly
4. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A.Solutions for the parent-teen problems.
B.Examples of the parent-teen war.
C.Causes for the parent-teen conflicts.
D.Future of the parent-teen relationship.
2021-05-08更新 | 98次组卷 | 1卷引用:广西玉林市直六所普通高中2020-2021学年高二下学期期中联合考试英语试题
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |

5 . Most parents can remember the artful mix of excitement and anxiety accompanying the choice of their baby’s name—it will follow the child his or her entire life. But the effect could be even more significant. In research recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, our research team shows that the stereotype (模式思维) that a given society has of a first name can influence the way people look.

In eight studies, we found that participants shown ID-style photos of people they’d never met were able to recognize the first name of the described person well above the chance level. In other words, there is something about an Emily that…just looks like an Emily.

If an Emily really does look like an Emily, even a computer should be able to guess her true name. The computer was even able to produce a “heat map” for each name, a face with the features that “betray” a person carrying that name shown in red or orange colors. How should we understand this effect? Until now, social psychologists knew that our facial appearance influences the extent to which others perceive us as attractive, intelligent, trustworthy or warm. These studies show that others’ perceptions of our first name are reflected in our faces.

Interestingly, the face -name effect occurs even if we can only see the hair of a person. Our hair is possibly the part of our face that we control with the most ease. The fact that this alone can produce the face name effect further illustrates the suspected self-fulfilling mechanism behind it.

Together, the eight studies suggest that we wear our social belonging on our face, and that we actively shape our features to be recognized by our reference group. Choosing baby names remains exciting. Whatever the first name you give to your child, he or she will end up wearing it.

1. What was the participants’ assignment?
A.To pick out ID-style photos they’d never met.
B.To match strangers’ photos with their names.
C.To find out Emily from various ID photos.
D.To perceive Emily’s character.
2. How is the “heat map” formed?
A.By drawing a map for each name.
B.By sorting out different faces in a map.
C.By showing a person’s face in different colors.
D.By highlighting certain features in warm colors.
3. What is the face-name effect?
A.People wear their character on their faces.
B.Hairstyle accounts for a large part in appearance.
C.A fixed idea of first names determines one’s look.
D.Social belonging is irrelevant to our facial features.
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
P=Paragraph
A.B.
C.D.
2021-05-07更新 | 192次组卷 | 1卷引用:山东省潍坊市2021届高三二模4月英语试题
2021·安徽淮南·二模

6 . In late May, storms flooded streets in Florida. The floods made cars sink and turned roads into brown rivers. Flash flooding can happen when storm drains get blocked up and, especially during hurricanes, overflow into streets. It’s the leading cause of weather-related deaths.

A team of local middle-school students has a plan to stop this ongoing problem. Alyssa, Bianca and Jose are sixth-graders. The Doral students designed a device to warn city workers when and where there is a danger of flooding. The team is one of five grand-prize winners of the Samsung Solve for Tomorrow Contest. The contest asked for science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) solutions to the biggest challenge facing a school community.

“I’ve been living here my entire life, and all of us have encountered problems with flooding,” says Bianca. “We knew that was the problem we were going to tackle.”

The students’ device uses a laser system called lidar, which stands for “light detection and ranging.” The device, if approved by the city government, could be attached to Doral’s 2,575 storm and manhole drains — one device per drain. If a drain gets blocked with sediment (沉积物), the device could send a warning message to the city’s stormwater management office. Then the stormwater manager could send someone to clean the drain.

Starting in March, the school was closed, so team meetings went virtual. Luckily, says Bianca, “We already had a prototype device, and we just had to adjust it some more ” They also had to pitch their idea virtually to contest judges.

Twenty finalist teams were cut down to the five grand-prize-winning teams. Each of the five teams won $100 000 for technology and supplies for their science classrooms. “We put m a lot of effort and had to trust each other and that each one knew what they were talking about,” says Alyssa.

1. How does the author start the text?
A.With an image.
B.With some figures.
C.By raising questions.
D.By stating a phenomenon.
2. What can be known about the Doral students’ team?
A.It is made up of five middle school students.
B.Its aim is to solve the problem of the drain flooding,
C.It has won first prize in the Samsung Solve for Tomorrow Contest.
D.Its members are trained in science, technology, engineering and math.
3. What is the author’s intention of quoting Bianca’s words in Para. 3?
A.To list their challenges.
B.To explore their motivation.
C.To express their determination.
D.To prove their responsibility.
4. What is the main function of the students’ device?
A.To inform the authorities when a drain is blocked.
B.To arrange for someone to clean the drain.
C.To prevent the drain from being blocked.
D.To help clear away sediment in the drain.
2021-04-28更新 | 101次组卷 | 2卷引用:安徽省淮南市2021届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题

7 . The grocery store might not be your favorite place to visit when you're at home, but is it ever fun when you're in another country? Honestly speaking, they're one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.

The greatest beauty of the grocery store –– whether it's a supermarket or a tiny shop –– is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the bread, and oh, the chocolate...always the chocolate!

Being the environmental nerd(呆子)I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect people's attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic for weighing, while Sri Lanka leaves everything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.

People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenaged cashier in Sri Lanka, over which bag of crunchy(松脆的)mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.

It's interesting then to come home and look at one's own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.

1. According to the author, what is the key benefit of visiting foreign grocery stores?
A.Learning to cook foreign dishes.B.Making friends with local people.
C.Buying cheaper food and souvenirs.D.Knowing local people and the country.
2. What does the author show by mentioning some countries in paragraph 3?
A.People's special lifestyles.B.People's shopping habits.
C.People's environmental awareness.D.People's packaging methods.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A.Sri Lankans know a lot about food.
B.Grocery stores are good social places.
C.Grocery stores vary in different countries.
D.Sri Lankans like to give strangers suggestions.
4. Which of the following shows the structure of text? (P: paragraph)
A.B.
C.D.

8 . Every kid has their own favorites. Dolls, dinosaurs, remote controls and cellphones — they might have a toy box with a wide range of play things to keep them entertained, but there's firm favorite they always reach for first-cars. Although the sex difference in the toy world remains, it's not only little boys who are drawn to all things with wheels. That my 20-month-old daughter dotes on the red bus toy is the proof of this.

From age 0 to 2, children are in the sensorimotor (感觉运动的) stage of development, explains Alyssa Wilkins. “They are learning by absorbing everything through their senses — sight, touch, taste, smell and hearing,” Wilkins says. “Toys and real-life objects like cars are very sensorily engaging. Kids can interact with toy cars, trucks, etc. through spinning (旋转) their wheels, watching them move in a variety of directions, or hearing the sounds they make.”

Plus, kids are just naturally drawn to loud and moving objects. “They see the lights on the cars and the rolling wheels, and hear the sound of the running engine. It's very engaging,” Wilkins says. “Kids will always be drawn to attractive and loud things because that is what engages their brain and sensory systems.”

Another appeal of toy vehicles is that they're typically small enough to fit in a child's hand Cars become the favorite of both boys and girls because they can put their cars in their pockets r carry them around. A car is also a cause-and-effect toy — it teaches children that their actions can make something happen. “It's super interesting and exciting for kids to learn that they can change something in their environment, and they may feel proud of what they have done,” Capanna-Hodge says.

Every child is unique in how they engage with toys, and the reasons for their play style may be diverse and complex. Ultimately, how your kids play with their toy vehicles could be a little window into what controls or excites them.

1. What does the underlined phrase “dotes on” in Paragraph I mean?
A.Turns down.B.Goes in for.C.Runs into.D.Has control of.
2. Which of the following aspects plays a big role in children's love for toy vehicles?
A.The influence form parents.B.The shape of toys vehicles.
C.The exciting sensory input.D.The peaceful learning environment.
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A.The smaller the toy vehicles are, the more the kids like them.
B.Boys perform better than girls while playing with toy vehicles.
C.The more toy vehicles the kids have, the more benefits the kids get.
D.Kids can gain a sense of achievement from playing with toy vehicles.
4. What might be the best title of the text?
A.Why toy vehicles are kids' favorites
B.How toy vehicles can boost kids' five sense
C.Why parents choose toy vehicles for their kids
D.How parents can encourage kids to play with toy vehicles
5. How does the author develop the text.
A.B.
C.D.
2021-04-27更新 | 481次组卷 | 2卷引用:天津市和平区耀华中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期中检测英语试题

9 . While we know that language first appeared among Homo sapiens (智人) somewhere thousands of years ago, the secret to how language evolved is still unknown, and mainstream theories fall into two distinctly different camps.

One widely held theory is that language came about as an evolutionary adaptation. That was where the idea of natural selection came into play, which was the belief that the specific physical features of a population made that population more likely to survive its environment, like the turtle (海龟) and its shell. On one hand, humans needed to communicate with each other in order to hunt,farm and defend themselves successfully from the surrounding severe environment. Being able to communicate by using language gave the human species a distinct survival advantage. On the other hand, language was needed for social interaction, according to those who subscribed to the adaptation theory.

In their paper “Natural Language and Natural Selection,” researchers Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom theorized that a series of calls or gestures evolved over time into combinations,   giving us complex communication, or language. As things became more complicated around them,humans needed a more complex system to convey information to one another. Early man saw a group of deer he wanted to hunt. He made a sound to his hunting partner that means “deer are nearby.” One day,a storm came in and the hunter noticed that thunder scared the deer away. As a result, the hunter went hungry until the storm passed. Over time, the same hunter also learned to recognize the warning signs for bad weather-dark skies and increased wind. Early man realized that when the sky darkened and the wind picked up, he needed to tell his hunting partner to speed up the pursuit of the deer. Therefore, he came up with a series of sounds that refer to both the deer and the bad weather. That series of sounds was the beginning of an evolutionary adaptation that eventually became language.

As humans learned more about how to best survive, they developed a need to convey these survival methods to their population. To be brief, that's the adaptation theory.

1. What is the text mainly about?
A.The evolution of language.
B.The paper on natural selection.
C.The differences between theories.
D.The introduction to human reproduction.
2. Why are the turtle and its shell mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.To show the mystery of nature.
B.To support the evolutionary adaptation.
C.To stress the advantage of the turtle's shell.
D.To encourage people to study natural selection.
3. How does the author explain the adaptation theory in paragraph 3?
A.By comparing.B.By listing data.
C.By carrying out a survey.D.By giving an example.
4. What will the author most probably tell us next?
A.The exact place where humans came from.
B.The other theory of how language evolved.
C.The reasons why animals cannot form language.
D.The methods of humans' shaping non- verbal thinking.

10 . Most people follow others blindly just under the effect of peer(同龄人) pressure or because they feel it safe to follow a large number of people. In some rare cases it might be right to follow the crowd, but in most cases this can be a big mistake. Actually there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow the crowd blindly.

According to a study, people often follow the crowd when they aren't sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what's right and what’s wrong! This makes more people follow and as a result most people move in a certain direction even if it isn’t right.

A man who wants to be successful always hopes for other's guidance and he usually follows the same path of most people, but the question this man never asks himself is! Are all of these successful? Of course not! If you want to follow a crowd, then follow a successful one. However, in real life you'll only find one successful person among hundreds of people, and that’s why following the crowd makes no sense at all.

Most people act emotionally without thinking wisely. If you always follow others because they are greater than you in number, the sooner or later you’ll discover that you're taking emotional decisions you might regret later.

However, should we never follow the crowd? No. I’m not trying to say you should never follow the crowd, but instead I’m just asking you to think wisely before you take a decision. If you find others are right, there is no problem in following them, but if you have doubts about the direction they’re moving in, don't follow them blindly.

1. According to the text, people like to follow others partly because ________.
A.they are affected by their peers
B.they often follow a successful crowd
C.they believe they take the right direction
D.they want to make good impressions on people
2. What do many people who want to succeed do before making a decision?
A.Think twice about it.B.Do what most people do.
C.Follow a successful man.D.Sum up the mistakes they have made.
3. What opinion does the author hold?
A.It takes time to think wisely.
B.It is wrong to follow other people.
C.You shouldn't be sorry for what you have done.
D.You should use your brain before following others.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.Effects of following others.
B.Advantages of making wise decisions.
C.Reasons for not following others blindly.
D.Ways of finding successful people to follow.
5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?
(①= Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ③=Paragraph 3, ④=Paragraph 4, ⑤=Paragraph 5)
A.B.
C.D.
2021-04-08更新 | 92次组卷 | 1卷引用:福建省福州市高级中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试题
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