1 . Most parents can remember the artful mix of excitement and anxiety accompanying the choice of their baby’s name—it will follow the child his or her entire life. But the effect could be even more significant. In research recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, our research team shows that the stereotype (模式思维) that a given society has of a first name can influence the way people look.

In eight studies, we found that participants shown ID-style photos of people they’d never met were able to recognize the first name of the described person well above the chance level. In other words, there is something about an Emily that…just looks like an Emily.

If an Emily really does look like an Emily, even a computer should be able to guess her true name. The computer was even able to produce a “heat map” for each name, a face with the features that “betray” a person carrying that name shown in red or orange colors. How should we understand this effect? Until now, social psychologists knew that our facial appearance influences the extent to which others perceive us as attractive, intelligent, trustworthy or warm. These studies show that others’ perceptions of our first name are reflected in our faces.

Interestingly, the face -name effect occurs even if we can only see the hair of a person. Our hair is possibly the part of our face that we control with the most ease. The fact that this alone can produce the face name effect further illustrates the suspected self-fulfilling mechanism behind it.

Together, the eight studies suggest that we wear our social belonging on our face, and that we actively shape our features to be recognized by our reference group. Choosing baby names remains exciting. Whatever the first name you give to your child, he or she will end up wearing it.

1. What was the participants’ assignment?

A．To pick out ID-style photos they’d never met.

B．To match strangers’ photos with their names.

C．To find out Emily from various ID photos.

D．To perceive Emily’s character.

2. How is the “heat map” formed?

A．By drawing a map for each name.

B．By sorting out different faces in a map.

C．By showing a person’s face in different colors.

D．By highlighting certain features in warm colors.

3. What is the face-name effect?

A．People wear their character on their faces.

B．Hairstyle accounts for a large part in appearance.

C．A fixed idea of first names determines one’s look.

D．Social belonging is irrelevant to our facial features.

4. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
P=Paragraph

A．	B．
C．	D．

2 . In late May, storms flooded streets in Florida. The floods made cars sink and turned roads into brown rivers. Flash flooding can happen when storm drains get blocked up and, especially during hurricanes, overflow into streets. It’s the leading cause of weather-related deaths.

A team of local middle-school students has a plan to stop this ongoing problem. Alyssa, Bianca and Jose are sixth-graders. The Doral students designed a device to warn city workers when and where there is a danger of flooding. The team is one of five grand-prize winners of the Samsung Solve for Tomorrow Contest. The contest asked for science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) solutions to the biggest challenge facing a school community.

“I’ve been living here my entire life, and all of us have encountered problems with flooding,” says Bianca. “We knew that was the problem we were going to tackle.”

The students’ device uses a laser system called lidar, which stands for “light detection and ranging.” The device, if approved by the city government, could be attached to Doral’s 2,575 storm and manhole drains — one device per drain. If a drain gets blocked with sediment (沉积物), the device could send a warning message to the city’s stormwater management office. Then the stormwater manager could send someone to clean the drain.

Starting in March, the school was closed, so team meetings went virtual. Luckily, says Bianca, “We already had a prototype device, and we just had to adjust it some more ” They also had to pitch their idea virtually to contest judges.

Twenty finalist teams were cut down to the five grand-prize-winning teams. Each of the five teams won $100 000 for technology and supplies for their science classrooms. “We put m a lot of effort and had to trust each other and that each one knew what they were talking about,” says Alyssa.

1. How does the author start the text?

A．With an image.

B．With some figures.

C．By raising questions.

D．By stating a phenomenon.

2. What can be known about the Doral students’ team?

A．It is made up of five middle school students.

B．Its aim is to solve the problem of the drain flooding,

C．It has won first prize in the Samsung Solve for Tomorrow Contest.

D．Its members are trained in science, technology, engineering and math.

3. What is the author’s intention of quoting Bianca’s words in Para. 3?

A．To list their challenges.

B．To explore their motivation.

C．To express their determination.

D．To prove their responsibility.

4. What is the main function of the students’ device?

A．To inform the authorities when a drain is blocked.

B．To arrange for someone to clean the drain.

C．To prevent the drain from being blocked.

D．To help clear away sediment in the drain.