2 . Suddenly screams echo through the forest as alarmed animals warn each other of a predator’s (食肉动物) approach. Lying on my stomach with my camera in front of me, I’ve been watching a nearby stream for hours, waiting. This may be it!

Yes! A 380-pound lioness steps from the trees, heading towards the stream. She crouches (蹲伏) down to drink. She’s only 50 yards away. She stands up and begins to walk towards me, not knowing I’m there. When she’s just about 20 yards away, I move my camera slightly. I don’t want to shock or panic her. She freezes for a moment, then take a crouching position and continues towards me. I’m thinking, “Uh-oh, I’m about to become cat food!” I’ve approached lions before, but now the lion approaches me.

If I stand up and yell, will she leave? Maybe not. If I stand up and run, will she chase me? Probably! So I decided to stay put.

The lioness comes closer. Now she’s only about four yards from me—the closest distance that still allows me to focus my camera lens. Surprisingly, she lies down, posing like a statue in front of me. This makes me feel very small and humble (卑微的). Then she rolls over and looks at me upside down! She seems a little puzzled and appears to be trying to figure me out —Hmm, are you suitable to be eaten? You don’t look dangerous.

Breathe slowly, I remind myself, with my heart beating fast. I carefully back up my tripod (三脚架) just a bit to focus and shoot the picture. Suddenly, she leaps up. In a flash, she runs away, leaving me overwhelmed with emotion.

Getting this photograph took a long time. I spent two years waiting for a permit to track the extremely rare Asiatic lions in the Gir Forest of India and spent three months on foot searching for them. The experience felt like a gift from the forest.

Music can be a good form of therapy. It is actually used as a tool to help those with Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默氏症) remember very special memories and 【小题1】 (event).

Marta C. Gonzalez, 【小题2】 was a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in the 1960s, danced to Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake hundreds of times during her career. But later in life, Alzheimer’s stole these 【小题3】 (beauty) memories from her.

In a popular video 【小题4】(upload) onto YouTube, Marta remembered she was once a dancer. You can see her face light up when the music begins to play. Her hands move 【小题5】 (graceful) to the song, and you can see her go into her happy place. As a person with Alzheimer’s, Marta really 【小题6】 (struggle) with short-term memory. But through music therapy, she 【小题7】 (take), even for a brief moment, to a happier time. The video ended with a photo of Marta in 1967, 【小题8】 (wear) her ballerina costume. It was so touching that all the audience clapped for her 【小题9】 (perform).

Marta died in 2019. A Spanish music therapy group called Música para Despertar filmed the video before her death but didn’t share it 【小题10】 recently. And the incredible video quickly took off!

6 . There’s nothing quite like the rush of recognition that comes from seeing a familiar face. Scientists have found it very difficult to explain how we identify well-known faces — or how that process differs from the way we perceive unfamiliar ones.

They have long known that the brain contains a network of areas that respond selectively to faces as opposed to other kinds of objects like feet, cars, smartphones. They also knew that humans process familiar and unfamiliar faces very differently. For example, we excel at recognizing pictures of familiar faces even when they are shot in poor light or at odd angles. But we struggle to recognize even slightly altered images of the same face when it is unfamiliar to us: two pictures of a stranger we’ve never seen before, for instance, shown from different perspectives or in dim light.

Now researchers at The Rockefeller University have begun to unravel the mystery of how the brain recognizes familiar faces. They turned to macaques (猕猴), close evolutionary cousins whose face processing networks are better understood and more easily studied than our own.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (磁共振成像), Landi and Freiwald measured the animals’ brain activity as they responded to pictures of other monkeys’ faces. Those faces fell into three categories: personally familiar ones belonging to monkeys that the macaques had lived with for years; visually familiar ones whose pictures they had seen hundreds of times; and totally unfamiliar ones. For comparison’s sake, they also showed the monkeys pictures of personally familiar, visually familiar, and unfamiliar objects.

The researchers expected the macaque face processing network to respond in much the same way to the first two types of faces. But instead, the entire system showed more activity in response to the long-time personally familiar faces. Faces that were only visually familiar, meanwhile, caused a reduction of activity in some areas.

“The whole network somehow distinguishes personally familiar faces from visually familiar faces,” says Landi.

Even more surprisingly, the faces of animals whom the macaques had known for years caused the activation of two previously unknown face-selective areas.

One is located in a region of the brain associated with so-called declarative memory, which consists of facts and events that can be consciously recalled. The other area lies in a region associated with social knowledge, such as information about individuals and their position within a social class — “a specific form of memory,” Freiwald says, “that is highly developed in primates (灵长类动物), and certainly in humans.”

There’s a longstanding debate on how to reduce emissions in the trucking industry. Germany is testing out a new system — eHighways, which feed electricity to trucks while they drive.

Figuring out how to reduce emissions in the commercial trucking industry is key to the fight against climate change. Because long-haul diesel(柴油机) trucks spend so much time on the road, they disproportionately produce pollutants, greenhouse gases, and contribute to dirty air.

Germany is at the forefront of this fight against truck emissions.

Using wires strung above the highway and a pantograph (current collector) mounted to the top of a truck, Germany’s e Highways use technology similar to that of an electric city bus. The system delivers power directly from the electrical line straight to the truck’s motor.

Adapting the same equipment that is used for driving trains and urban street cars, Siemens, the German electricity company, provided the equipment for the test route — stringing miles of high-voltage electrical cable above the Autobahn.

The eHighway system saves truckers weight and money compared to outfitting trucks with electric batteries — which could be both heavy and expensive. Using overhead wires on the freeway, a truck would only need a big enough battery to drive the short distance from the offramp to its destination. Not to mention, the money trucking companies would save on fuel, their largest cost.

While this system saves money in the long term, stringing thousands of miles of electrical cable above freeways would be costly to German taxpayers. Is it feasible? For now, Germany is just testing it out. The eHighway system has also been tested in Sweden and a 1-mile stretch near Long Beach, California.

It would take 2,500 miles of electrical wiring to accommodate about 60% of German truck traffic. So far, only a couple 3-mile-stretches of highway outside Frankfurt, Schleswig-Holstein, and Baden-Württemberg are equipped with overhead electrical cables. By the end of the year, more than 20 trucks carrying real loads will be using the system. The companies funding the project want to see how the eHighway stretch performs in everyday use.

Building the overhead cables would cost the German government about $5 million dollars per mile. Germany’s Ministry of Environment will compare the results of this project with studies of trucks using electric batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. Based on the data, the ministry plans to decide in three to four years which eco-friendly technology to invest in and support.

“Numerous studies have come to the conclusion that overhead cable trucks, despite the high infrastructure costs, are the most cost-effective option,” the Ministry of Environment said to The New York Times.

No matter which option the ministry chooses, the goal is to create a more environment-friendly future for the commercial trucking industry.

Education

Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of 【小题1】 instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of teaching approaches and the development of curricula.

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights 【小题2】 all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum 【小题3】 what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession 【小题4】 teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding which enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote 【小题5】 or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this 【小题6】 between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this 【小题7】 is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is 【小题8】 by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the 【小题9】 of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is 【小题10】 taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

10 . Against all our wishes, advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34-billion-a-year business. And if Martin Lindstrom, a marketing consultant is correct, trying to _______ the advertisement is about to get especially hard.

83% of all forms of advertising principally _______ only one of our senses: sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans(广告语)to catch our ear, _______ everyday sounds — a steak sizzling(发嘶嘶声), a baby laughing and other sounds we can't help paying attention to. Weave these everyday sounds into an ad campaign and we customers may be _______ to resist them.

According to Lindstrom, the everyday sound that is most impressive, both in terms of interest and _______ feelings, is a baby laughing. The other high-ranking sounds are also powerful — the sound of a car engine or a soda being poured.

In all of these cases, it doesn’t need an experienced advertisement designer to invent the sounds, associate them with meanings and then play them over and over until the subjects _______ them. Rather, the everyday sounds already have meanings and thus can cause a kind of _______ : hunger, thirst or happy expectation.

Some TV ads have already given viewers close-up shots of meat with sizzling sounds. And retailers are _______ . Lindstrom is now consulting with clients, intending to pipe the sound of filtering coffee or fizzing soda into the drink department or that of a baby laughing sound into the baby-food section.

Of course, this doesn’t mean that advertisers can just press the audio button _______ and consumers will come eagerly. Indeed, sometimes customers flee. In the early years of cell-phone use, the ringtone (铃音) of a famous cell phone brand was recognized by many people in the U.K., but soon it became widely ________ . That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users observed cell-phone manners and ________ accidents kept happening in places like movie theaters. The computer start-up sound has taken on the similarly negative ________ , because people so often hear it when they’re restarting the computer after it ________ . In these cases, manufacturers themselves may as well revise the bothersome sound or ________ it entirely.

Lindstrom's experiment also shows that people respond to a sound better when it’s ________ . If nothing else, smart marketers may at least keep the volume low.