1 . How to Be a Successful Team Leader?
Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although you students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills.
A team consists of both leaders and followers.
What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial(公正的)when it comes to both rewards and punishments.
It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career.
A.These kinds of leaders are trustworthy. |
B.Followers, are different from leaders, though |
C.Leaders still-need someone to guide them along the way. |
D.So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. |
E.Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. |
F.Otherwise the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. |
G.To be a leader you should take the initiative in connecting with your followers. |
2 . 根据Unit 2 Reading部分课文,写一篇60词左右的概要
Effective communication
If you heard someone shout “Hey you!” from across the room, how would you react? Just these two words can carry a lot of information. They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile. When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So, let’s look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. This message is then received and decoded by the receiver. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback. This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator. To accomplish this, you need to know with whom you are communicating. What is their age or position? What is their relationship with you? What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have? Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be. For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner.
Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. Additionally, you should not ignore the other person’s body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. When you notice a change in the other person’s body language, you should adjust how you are communicating accordingly. If someone looks at you with a confused expression, this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point. Then you will need to clarify your message before moving on.
While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated. Seek to understand the other person’s emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective. Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective, you may express your sympathy by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel ...” However, some issues may be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel the way they do. Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from, which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others. Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive. So, get practising and good luck!
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At SIAL Shanghai, a major international food and beverage exhibition launched on May 18. Mario Garcia, a cheese supplier from Spain,
Garcia’s company specializes in producing cheese of different ages and flavors, and
“Our importers here have been hosting cheese tastings and offering
“They will learn about it and appreciate it once they find
At the event, the Swedish Trade and Invest Council also displayed the country’s distinctive products,
4 . A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”
Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.
Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A.Words have a great effect on us. | B.Encouraging words give us confidence. |
C.Negative words may let us down. | D.Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. |
A.Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. |
B.Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. |
C.Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. |
D.It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. |
A.Make ourselves relaxed. | B.Remind ourselves. |
C.Praise ourselves. | D.Give ourselves happiness. |
A.Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. |
B.Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. |
C.It is better to think twice before talking to others. |
D.People tend to remember friendly words. |
Magic goes against the rules of nature and physics. During the 2009 CCTV Spring Festival gala, magician Liu Qian managed to drop a coin into a glass placed upside down and transformed a finger ring into an unbroken egg, under the close and watchful eyes of the studio audience, leaving tens of thousands of viewers puzzled by his showmanship.
The mind-blowing performance has set off an enthusiasm of magic all over the country. However, people seldom know that more than 3,600 years ago, the history of magic in China was already underway.
In China, magic goes back many years and has developed from superstitious wizardry into a technologically inspired, sophisticated art form.
Ancient Chinese magic made its appearance as early as 1,600 BC, and was closely associated with divination and wizardry, according to Biographies of Exemplary Women (Lie Nu Zhuan) by Liu Xiang, the well-known historian of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).
In 108 BC, Liu Che, emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, gathered more than a hundred acrobats and magicians in the imperial palace and hosted the biggest magic show in history. Zhang Heng’s Western Metropolis Rhapsody (Xi Jing Fu西京赋) records that Duke Huang of the Eastern Sea (Donghai Huanggong), a showman and magician, did knife-swallowing and fire-spitting shows at this gathering.
Magic continued to thrive in the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) and began to branch off into separate fields in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Some traditional Chinese tricks such as “Immortal Plants Bean” and “Ancient Color Trick” marked the start of international recognition for Chinese magic.
In the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), there were many cultural exchanges between China and the West. The first generation of modern Chinese magicians like Ching Ling Foo (Zhu Liankui), Han Pingchien and Mu Wenqing went abroad to perform and also learned to incorporate foreign stunts into traditional tricks.
The later generation of magic practitioners, headed by Zhang Huichong, furthered the hybrid form of magic acts by infusing traditional Chinese magic into Western-style illusion acts.
After China’s reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, magicians from abroad began visiting China more frequently. In 1980, Marc Wilson from the United States became the first magician to perform on the Chinese mainland since the founding of New China in 1949. In 2002, David Copperfield caused a stir with his performances of walking through the Great Wall.
And now, Liu Qian has created a hit with his remarkable close-up performances and exposed Chinese audiences to a new, refreshing and delightful art form.
1. How long is it since magic in China appeared?2. When did magicians from abroad begin visiting China more often?
3. Who was it that wrote a book recording knife-swallowing and fire-spitting shows?
1. 以李华的情况为例简要说明谈话艺术在人际关系中的重要性;
2. 说说谈话艺术,它通常包括:不以自我为中心、谨慎承诺……
3. 根据自己的经历或感想,提出你认为最重要的谈话技巧,并说明理由。
注意:
1. 词数120左右;
2. 适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
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7 . Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members, or classmates rather than holding them back.
There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health.
In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution — and you are less likely to be annoyed.
Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.
It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.
1. Which can improve people’s emotional health?A.Arguing with friends. | B.Resolving existing issues. |
C.Fighting with friends. | D.Presenting current concerns. |
A.Annoyed. | B.Disappointed. | C.Embarrassed. | D.Bored. |
A.The experience. | B.The feelings. | C.The occasion. | D.The location. |
A.Results of going on an adventure. | B.Influence of avoiding a discussion. |
C.Desire for a better consequence. | D.Benefits of conducting a discussion. |
8 . Team building activities can make a great difference when it comes to job satisfaction and organizational success.
Set the team’s goal
Studies have shown that teams work better when each member is aware of the goal. Before the team sets up, have a meeting to create a list of the goals that can help reach the end goal.
Solve problems immediately
Effective teambuilding requires an environment where problems are quickly dealt with. It’s wise to send a management team for solving problems. Furthermore, according to one social experiment, a “bad apple” can ruin a whole team. So it might be important to ensure one team member isn’t ruining the effort.
It’s useful to get the team from everyday surroundings and into somewhere unexpected. This can improve creativity, but also help build a closer relationship within the team. You could hold team meetings at a cafe, at the company lawn, or even at museums or amusement parks.
Bring humour to team work
The saying “Laughter is the best t medicine” definitely holds true in team building. Humor is a great way to relax team members. Bring humor to teamwork through fun cartoons, little jokes and even series of fun video clips.
A.Get outside of the office. |
B.Have teams take a break. |
C.But you should find a balance. |
D.What’s the solution if this is the case? |
E.You should stress the positive steps the team has taken. |
F.This will lead members to focus in a specific direction to get the expected results. |
G.But even with the best intentions, it’s not enough to just bring a group of people together. |
9 . Following the silk road
Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A key section of the extensive Silk Road network is the Chang’an Tianshan Corridor, which stretches over a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage status. They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage application-and it seems to be only the beginning of the road for the Silk Road, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sections of the network.
The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Road network is Chang’an (present-day Xi’an), in Shaanxi Province of north-west China. It was famous as the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Further west on the Silk Road, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia. Although the Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches the mediterranean.
The Silk Road began to develop in the 2nd century BCE. Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire. The network expanded gradually, playing an important role in world history between the 6th and 14th centuries, and remained in use until the 16th century.
At the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to its light weight and high value. At its peak, many other items were contributed to the marketplace of goods. The routes were alive with strings of camels carrying loads of goods and traders selling everything imaginable. China’s exports included silk, china and tea, while horses, wool, cotton and grapes were all imported over vast distances along the network.
In addition to trade exchange, the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies along the network. Astronomy and mathematics were introduced to China from India and Arabia; in Gansu Province, the Mogao Caves, home to some of the finest examples of Buddhist art, reflected the eastward spread of Buddhism from India; important Chinese inventions such as paper-making and printing were first brought to the West through the network.
All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. These amazingly long routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations, which achieved a shared development. In the modern age, through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Silk Road is once again connecting the countries along the ancient trade routes and promoting the exchanges of different civilizations. The addition of the Chang’an Tianshan Corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Road as a crucial part of humanity’s common heritage.
1. 根据文章内容,完成下面思维导图:2. 根据文章内容,完成细节填空:
Read paragraphs 1 and 2, and fill in the blanks.
Geography
Covering
Further west on the Silk Road, the geography gradually changes from
The trade list | At the initial stage | ||
At its peak | Export | ||
Import | |||
Cultural exchanges | From India to Arabia to China | ||
From China to the West |
10 . The system of communication which relies on the verbal or non-verbal codes, used in transferring (转移的) information, is called “language”. A language is a tool of communication, while communication is the process of transferring message to one another. Language focuses on the signs, symbols and words. Communication lays emphasis (强调) on the message. Before the invention of written words, language was limited to the auditory (听觉的) channels. The basics of communication do not change at all. However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.
Is communication wider than language?
So with the above explanation, it is quite clear that communication has a wider scope than language, as the former covers the latter. Language is the essence (本质) of communication, without which, it cannot exist.
What are language barriers (障碍) in communication?
Language barriers are the most common communication barriers which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people. Most of the people in the world do not speak English or, even if they use, it is their second or third language. If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.
Why is language needed for communication?
Language is needed for any kind of communication, and even people with speech impairments communicate with sign language. Communication becomes difficult in situations where people don’t understand each others’ language. The inability to communicate using a language is known as the language barrier to communication.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Language is the only way to communicate with people. |
B.People send messages to communicate with others. |
C.Language didn’t appear until the invention of written words. |
D.Language changes every day with the added new words. |
A.Speaking English. | B.Speaking the second language. |
C.Speaking the same language. | D.Using body language. |
A.methods | B.functions | C.disabilities | D.skills |
A.Communication is superior to language. |
B.There are differences between communication and language. |
C.All the languages can be written and spoken in the world. |
D.Language has a wider scope than communication. |