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阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,该研究主要探讨了生成对抗网络(GANs)如何创建出逼真的假人脸图像,这些图像能够欺骗观察者,甚至训练过的观察者,以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。

1 . Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.

Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.

Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian.

This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale.

The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says.

Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake.

“We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale.

To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”

1. What can we know about GANs?
A.GANs can cheat trained observers.
B.GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks.
C.GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones.
D.GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones.
2. Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research?
A.To warn people the risk of online fraud.
B.To train people to discover fake photos online.
C.To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones.
D.To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people.
3. What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph?
A.Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed.
B.Effective ways are needed but not found yet.
C.Watermarks are an effective way against fake images.
D.Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images.
4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A.Development of Internet scams.B.Development of AI technology
C.Will fake faces look more trustworthy?D.Legal frameworks for GANs
2024-03-17更新 | 33次组卷 | 1卷引用:浙江省杭州市新东方2023-2024学年高二上期末考英语试题03
听力选择题-短对话 | 较易(0.85) |
2 . What is the woman’s advice?
A.Improving the judgment.B.Avoiding judging by appearances.
C.Carrying out the real-name system.
2024-02-15更新 | 29次组卷 | 1卷引用:广西崇左市钦州市名校2023-2024学年高一上学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。调查显示,美国人认为他们的个人信息在网上是不安全的。他们对联邦政府保护此类信息的努力也不满意。文章主要说明了调查的详细结果以及人们对于信息安全的一些看法和态度。

3 . Americans do not believe their personal information is safe online, suggests findings from a new poll (民意调查). They are also not satisfied with the federal government’s efforts to protect such information.

The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research and Meri Talk did the polling. It found that 64 percent of Americans say their social media activity is not secure. About as many have the same safety concerns about online information that shares their physical location. Half of Americans also believe their private text messages are not secure.

They are not just concerned. They want the federal government to do something about it. Almost 75 percent of Americans say they support creating laws for how companies can collect, use and share personal data.

A majority of those who took part in the poll said they have more trust in private companies than the federal government to address security and privacy issues. This comes even after years of hacks (黑客) of U. S. corporations that shared the personal information of millions of people around the world.

The poll answers showed that about 71 percent of Americans believe that individuals’ data privacy should be treated as a national security issue. But only 23 percent are satisfied with the federal government’s current efforts.

The law follows similar measures passed in California and Virginia, and gives people the right to find and delete personal information. Colorado’s law also permits people to choose out of having their data tracked and sold. Facebook and other companies opposed the bill.

The poll showed that protecting personal information online is “an area where people do see a direct role in government,” Benz said.

1. What percentage of Americans think their private text messages are not safe?
A.36 percent.B.50 percent.C.64 percent.D.75 percent.
2. What do almost 75 percent of Americans support according to the poll?
A.Creating laws for companies to deal with personal data.
B.Allowing personal data to be treated as a business issue.
C.Giving private companies more control over data privacy.
D.Trusting the federal government to fix the problem for them.
3. Who do Americans have more trust in to solve security and privacy issues?
A.Themselves.B.Social media platforms.C.Private companies.D.The federal government.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.Americans are not safe online.B.Americans are trying to protect themselves online.
C.Americans have little trust in the federal government.D.Americans have little trust in online security.
2024-01-29更新 | 53次组卷 | 1卷引用:河南省开封市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
语法填空-短文语填 | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章就如何使你的电脑和互联网密码安全提出建议。
4 . 语法填空

Nowadays, computers and Internet are playing an important part in our life. Some people even say that they can’t live     1     them. We usually need to set passwords when we use computers and Internet. But not all the passwords are safe. In order to keep our accounts and     2     (person) information safe, we must learn how     3     (make) safe passwords.

How can you make your computer and Internet passwords safe? Experts have some tips for you. You’d better remember the tips and they are     4     (use) for you. Here are the     5     (suggest).

First, make your password out of capital letters. If your password is made of capital letters, it     6     (be) difficult for others to get into your account.     7     only takes a hacker 10 minutes to work out a six letter password made of small letters. But the same password in capital letters takes 10 hours to work out.

    8     (two), add numbers or symbols to your password. It may be much     9     (safe).     10     sometimes such password is not easy to remember, it is really safe.

Third, never use personal information for passwords and use different passwords for different accounts. Experts say that a user should change his or her passwords every 90 days. In this way, hackers won’t guess your passwords.

2024-01-21更新 | 68次组卷 | 1卷引用:Unit 1 Nature in the balance单元基础过关练习-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
阅读理解-七选五 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在网上保持安全的办法。

5 . So much of our daily life relates to the internet, from work to education and even talking with friends. The more online accounts and devices you have, the more internet dangers you will face. That’s why it’s more important to understand internet safety rules which protect you and your family from threats that may harm your data and devices.     1    

Make sure you’re using a safe internet connection

Although using public Wi-Fi is not recommended, it’s sometimes unavoidable when you are out. However, when you go online in a public place and use a public Wi-Fi connection, you have no direct control over its safety, which could leave you vulnerable (易受伤的) to cyberattacks.     2    .

Choose strong passwords

Passwords are one of the biggest weak spots when it comes to online safety. People often choose passwords that are easy to remember.     3    . In addition to this, using the same password for various sites puts your data at further risk. If hackers (黑客) get your identification from one site, they can probably access other websites which use the same login details.

    4    

Developers are often working to make products safe, monitoring the latest threats and rolling out security patches (安全补丁) in case of weaknesses in their software. By using the updated operating systems and apps, you will benefit from the latest security patches. This is especially important for apps that include payment, health or other personal information about a user.

Be careful of uncertain links and where you click

    5    . That’s why it’s important to browse carefully and avoid certain types of online content—such as links from untrusted sources. If you receive an email that you’re not sure about, avoid clicking on any links in it. In fact, it’s best to avoid opening untrusted emails at all.

A.Be careful of what and where you post
B.Keep software and operating systems updated
C.Read on to find out about the ways to stay safe online
D.A careless click can give out your personal data online
E.But some of those sites may have poor data protection policies
F.Therefore, it’s easy for hackers to break into your system
G.So, if necessary, avoid carrying out personal businesses that use private data
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么人们会转发错误的消息以及如何进行干预来提高人们转发信息的准确性。

6 . You’re looking through social media and notice that one of your really smart friends has once again shared a somewhat astonishing story that you know is wrong. The story has a good hook (吸引力) in its title, but it’s ultimately just misinformation. Why does your smart friend do that?

A new study explains why so many of us unthinkingly forward misinformation. This international team of researchers found that most people do actually value accuracy, and want to share truthful articles, but in the heat of the social media moment, they consider factors other than accuracy—like the number of likes it might receive.

In a series of experiments, Gordon Pennycook and his colleagues set out to explore the contrast between what we believe and what we share. First, they reported that participants in their U. S. based studies were quite good at identifying which headlines were accurate and which were not, regardless of whether the headlines matched their political viewpoints. Despite this proficiency, participants were about twice as likely to share a false article that represented their viewpoints as they were to rate it as accurate. Specifically, close to 20% of people rated false headlines that matched their viewpoints as accurate; yet close to 40% of people said they would share these same news stories.

It may seem hopeless, but these researchers identified some strategies that social media platforms might use so that people prioritize accuracy in their share. In one study, the researchers investigated more than 5,000 social media users who had shared articles from sites that regularly traffic in misinformation. The researchers sent private messages to these Twitter users and asked them to rate the accuracy of an apolitical headline.

After the intervention, the accuracy of these users’ posts increased by 5 to 10%— they had been primed to think more about accuracy.

So maybe we should judge a bit less and politely push back when a story seems false. Second, make it a habit to ask yourself how accurate each headline seems before you share.

1. What did the researchers find about the participants in the new research?
A.They were more likely to share accurate articles.
B.They emphasized accuracy rather than other factors.
C.They were not good at distinguishing accurate headlines.
D.They prioritized popularity other than accuracy in their share.
2. How did the researchers conduct the intervention in the study?
A.By limiting the number of likes that false articles could receive.
B.By promoting only apolitical headlines on social media platforms.
C.By messaging users and requesting them to evaluate the news’ accuracy.
D.By punishing users who shared articles from sites that traffic in misinformation.
3. What was the effect of the researchers’ intervention with social media users?
A.The appeal of their posts increased.
B.The accuracy of their posts increased.
C.The number of their followers decreased.
D.The number of their posts decreased.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Why People Share Misinformation?B.What Can You Trust on the Internet?
C.What Can Social Media Platforms Do?D.Where Can People Find Genuine News?
2024-01-02更新 | 20次组卷 | 1卷引用:河北省沧州市泊头市普通高中2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇应用文。社会工程指的是使用非技术手段诱骗人们做泄露敏感信息的事情。文章主要介绍了一个诈骗案的过程。

7 . Social engineering refers to the practice of using non-technical methods to trick people into doing something that gives away sensitive information. Here, watch this case ...



1. It can be learned from “THE ATTACK” that_______.
A.Sandra asks Marcus for his password.B.Marcus steals the key corporate data.
C.The attacker gains Marcus's trust first.D.Sandra is a senior director of the bank.
2. Which of the following best fits the “?” in step ④of “THE DEFENSE"?
A.LESSONB.HEALTHC.PROGRAMD.FINANCE
3. Which of the following is covered in the case?
A.What loss the company has sufferedB.How Marcus regretted receiving the call
C.What Natalie has found about the domainD.How effectively Ray responded to the attack
2023-12-26更新 | 93次组卷 | 2卷引用:2024届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一模英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是说明文。Cookie基本上是以小文本文件的形式存储在浏览器中的信息收集器和跟踪器。文章主要介绍了Cookie准入弹出窗口是互联网上最大的烦恼之一,对此我们应该谨慎使用。

8 . Cookie-consent (准许) pop-ups are one of the biggest annoyances on the Internet. Almost every site you visit has a notice saying, “This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Do you agree?” Typically, we click “yes” or “agree” without even thinking about it because we’re eager to get to the content. But should we? Not necessarily.

Cookies are essentially information collectors and trackers in the form of small text files stored on your browser by the sites you visit. Some are useful. For example, a cookie saved on your browser makes it so you don’t have to re-enter your log-in information every time you visit one of your favorite websites. Cookies can also remember your shopping preferences so that you get a personalized experience when you visit the website. Others, however, track how you use a website, how often you go there, your IP address, your phone number, what types of things you look at and buy, and other information you may not want to share.

Many companies have you click “yes” to follow current privacy laws. This means that once you click, you’ve given the company permission to use your information as they see fit without the worry of legal objections. Most of the time, cookies are no big deal. There are a few occasions, though, where you should decline cookies. Don’t worry——if you find yourself in a situation where you need to decline or simply want to decline for whatever reason, most websites will work just fine without collecting your information. With that said, here’s when saying no to the cookies is a good idea.   

Beware when you’re on an unencrypted (未加密的) website (these websites will have an unlocked lock icon by the web address) while using a public Wi-Fi network. The information collected by cookies can be intercepted (拦截) by hackers because there isn’t any security to stop them. Your best bet when borrowing Wi-Fi from your local coffee shop is to use your browser’s private mode. While in this mode, cookies aren’t collected, no matter where your Internet journeys take you.

1. What is the initial function of cookies on websites?
A.Enhancing the security of user data.B.Displaying pop-up information to users.
C.Tracking website traffic for analytical purposes.D.Storing information for personalized experiences.
2. Why do many companies seek consent from users to use cookies?
A.To provide a convenient browsing experience.
B.To ensure they follow privacy laws and regulations.
C.To improve the overall browsing experience for users.
D.To prevent unauthorized access to users’ personal data.
3. What’s the risk of using cookies on unsecured websites?
A.Limited access to personalized content.B.Inefficiency in processing user requests.
C.Slower website loading times and limited features.D.Increased exposure to unauthorized data collection.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Dos and Don’ts of Online Consents.B.Cautious about Cookie Pop-ups.
C.Protecting Your Privacy Online.D.The Function of Cookies.
听力选择题-长对话 | 适中(0.65) |
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9 . 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
1. How did the man notice the problem first?
A.His bank called him.B.His bill showed him.C.His credit card was stolen.
2. What did the bank do to fix the problem?
A.They gave the man his money back at once.
B.They decided to talk to the bank’s owner.
C.They asked the man to provide the evidence.
3. What might have caused the problem according to the man?
A.Online shopping.B.Overdue debt.C.Unskilled operation.
4. What do the two speakers mainly talk about?
A.Information safety.B.Shopping habits.C.Money management.
2023-11-27更新 | 108次组卷 | 1卷引用:山东省实验中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的调查显示,超过60%针对加拿大儿童的网站和应用程序可能会收集个人信息并将其传递给第三方,呼应公司和家长要保护孩子的私人信息,并教育孩子们知道自己隐私的重要性。

10 . A new survey reviews that more than 60% of websites and apps intended for Canadian children may be collecting personal information and passing it on to a third party. The survey was completed by the Global Privacy Enforcement Network, which reviewed 1,494 websites and apps.

Focusing on trends among Canadian users, the sweep team reviewed 118 websites and apps targeted directly at children, as well as 54 that are known to be popular with and used by kids. The team’s findings showed that more than 50% of Canadian sites collect personal information from children, including names, addresses, phone numbers and photos, audio or video. In addition, 62% of sites admitted they may show that personal information to third parties. Another 62% allowed the user to be redirected to a different site, and only 28% of the sites and apps involved any form of parental control or protection.

A member of the team Tobi Cohen, outlined a few of the sites that did and did not live up to the standards of children’s privacy online. She praised both Family.ca and Lego.com for their message boards that did not allow users to post personal information, and noted that santasvillage. ca asked users to provide their full name and email address. Gamezhero.com was also singled out for allowing users to display personal information, including names, age, sex and locations. Pbskids.org, on the other hand, was praised for only offering generic, pre-set avatars (头像) and barring users form uploading personal photos.

The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada refused to release a full list of the websites and apps reviewed. When asked what would be done with results, commissioner Daniel Therrien said that companies reviewed in the sweep would be kept informed of the findings. “It’s our usual practice after conducting a sweep to write a number of companies to point out the things that we’ve seen, to sometimes ask that things be changed, and on the whole the companies react positively to these requests.” Therrien added.

In an attempt to help kids better understand why their privacy matters, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada has created a lesson plan for kids in Grade 7 and 8 that explains the Global Privacy Enforcements Network and has kids conduct privacy reviews of their own.

“We know that companies are not the only ones responsible for the protection of kids’ privacy.” Therrien said. “Parents and teachers obviously have a role. We have a role, particularly in the area of increasing awareness of privacy issues among the public.”

Matthew Johnson, director of education at Media Smarts, said that the sweep’s results were sadly unsurprising. Media Smarts, an Ottawa-based non-profit digital literacy outfit intended to improve media literacy and empowering the youth to better engage with media, offers age-appropriate tips to parents concerned with keeping their kids safe online.

Johnson explained that in addition to educating themselves on the issue, the best thing parents could do to protect children’s privacy online is to educate kids on the importance of the function of their personal data. He mentioned an initiative by Media Smarts called Privacy Pirates, an online game that aims to teach kids at the age of seven to nine that all forms of personal information should be protected and added that their personal information has value and they should think twice before giving it out.

1. We can conclude from the data mentioned in Paragraph 2 that ________.
A.parents must be to blame for letting out their kids’ privacy
B.the time that children spend on the Internet should be limited
C.more children have realized the importance of personal privacy
D.more attention should be paid to the protection of kids’ privacy
2. What will most of the companies do when receiving a request from the sweep team?
A.They will help kids better understand why their privacy matters.
B.They will ask the team never to make their website public.
C.They will ask for further information about the research.
D.They will take some measures actively in response.
3. Daniel Therrien seems to stress in Paragraph 6 that ________.
A.the team should develop a good relationship with the companies
B.the protection of kid’s privacy involves joint efforts from adults
C.the public is unaware of their role in protecting kids’ privacy
D.the sweep team’s work is worth nothing without parents’ help
4. According to Johnson, parents should ________.
A.guide their kids to play online games
B.get kids to know the value of their privacy
C.set a good example to their kids in daily life
D.think twice before giving personal information out
2023-11-26更新 | 74次组卷 | 1卷引用: 北京师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题
共计 平均难度:一般