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阅读理解-七选五 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人类创新思想从哪里来。

1 .     1     We build cultures by the hundreds and new stories by the millions. We surround ourselves with things that have never existed before, while pigs and llamas and goldfish do not. But where do our new ideas come from?

Through the history of human activities, prior art promotes the creative process. Before 1908, each vehicle was custom built, with different parts assembled in different places and then painstakingly brought together. But Henry Ford came up with a critical innovation of streamlining the entire process. Nevertheless, the idea was something he learned about from the Chicago meatpacking industry. He simply assembled into a car the discoveries of other men behind whom were centuries of work.     2     Even in Picasso’s painting Les Demoisellesd’ Avignon, we can trace its genealogy (血统宗谱).

But is there any moment when someone is suddenly struck by an idea that comes from nowhere? Take, for example, a surgeon named Anthony Cicoria, who in 1994 was speaking to his mother on an outdoor payphone when he was struck by a bolt of lightning. A few weeks later, he unexpectedly began composing and introduced his music works in subsequent years.     3    

However, on closer inspection, Cicoria also turns out to rely on the raw materials around him.     4     It is difficult to know what the lightning strike did to his brain, but it is clear that he rapidly absorbed these musical products. His sudden desire to compose may have come from nowhere, but his basic creative process did not.

    5     But creative ideas evolve from existing memories and impressions. Instead of new ideas being lit up by lightning bolts, they arise from the interweaving billions of microscopic sparks in the vast darkness of the brain.

A.The drive to create the new is part of our biological makeup.
B.We humans are always waiting for the creative lightning to strike.
C.The mining of history happens not only in technology, but in the arts as well.
D.If ever there were an example of creativity originating out of the thin air, this might be it.
E.While Cicoria’s music is beautiful, it shares the same structure and progression as the composer he likes.
F.No doubt the non-musician surely managed to compose due to the sudden idea flashing through his mind.
G.He recalls that, after his accident, he developed a strong desire to listen to nineteenth-century piano music.
7日内更新 | 43次组卷 | 1卷引用:黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高三下学期第二次模拟测试
2024高三下·上海·专题练习
阅读理解-六选四 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了珍·古德在非洲坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区研究野生黑猩猩的经历。
2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa. They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months.

On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.

    1     The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination, she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence. Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat.     2    

On November 4,1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips. This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries.     3     On hearing of Jane’s observation, Leakey famously says: “Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”

Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree.     4     “It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities.

Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane’s work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane’s life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic, My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.

A.But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy.
B.Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools.
C.These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian.
D.So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents.
E.However, Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee, carrying it with her everywhere.
F.Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names.
7日内更新 | 10次组卷 | 1卷引用:大题04 阅读理解:六选四 -【大题精做】冲刺2024年高考英语大题突破+限时集训(上海专用)
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述了作者对在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这条建议的看法,并肯定了它所带来的好处。

3 . At a conference last week, I received an interesting piece of advice:   “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a fellow psychology professor. He wasn’t objecting to any particular claim I’d made — he was offering a strategy for pursuing better science, and for encouraging others to do the same.

To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back — to the nature of science itself. Despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories change, so do scientific methods.

Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks, and for scientific arguments to develop into personal battles. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer, a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.

Nosek’s advice may sound pessimistic, but it’s not so foreign to science. Philosophers of science sometimes refer to the “pessimistic meta-induction (元归纳)” on the history of science: All of our past scientific theories have been wrong, so surely our current theories will turn out to be wrong, too. That doesn’t mean we haven’t made progress, but it does indicate that there is always room for improvement—ways to be less wrong.

I like the advice because it builds in an awareness of our limitations and a readiness to accept the unknown (“there are things I do not know!”) along with a sense that we can do better (“there are things I do not know yet!”). It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Perhaps the focus on a shared goal — our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong — can help make up for any harm in scientific motivation or communication.

1. Why did Nosek send the advice?
A.To express opinions about my claims. B.To remind me to be open to criticism.
C.To encourage me to take up science. D.To better my understanding of psychology.
2. How does assuming you are wrong help?
A.It motivates scientists to make efforts. B.It addresses personal attacks and conflicts.
C.It sets a constructive improvement goal. D.It contributes to a deeper insight into yourself.
3. What does the author think of science theories?
A.Dynamic. B.Testable. C.Pioneering. D.Well-established.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Accept the UnknownB.Aim to Be Less Wrong
C.Get Engaged in PsychologyD.Dig into the Nature of Science
2024-03-19更新 | 159次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届山东省青岛市高三一模考试英语试题
语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国科学家理查德·费曼怀疑科学中是否存在某种邪恶,在其演讲中,他认为科学有三个方面的价值,最后呼吁科学家们有责任宣布自由的价值,教授学生如何欢迎和讨论怀疑。
4 . 语法填空

Working on the atomic bomb, Richard Feynman found that science represented the destruction and     1     put our future in danger, which was contrary to his knowledge of science when he was young. So he had a doubt     2     there was some evil     3     (involve) in science or not. In his lecture, the American scientist thinks that science has value in three ways. First, scientific knowledge     4     (make) us able to make all kinds of things. Second, it can offer us intellectual enjoyment. Third, it can provide scientist     5     a lot of experience, which is of great     6     (important) for scientists to progress, for they try to solve their ignorance, doubt and     7     (certain) in the process. At the end of his lecture, he hopes scientists take the     8     (responsible) of declaring the value of     9     (free), of teaching how doubt is to be     10     (welcome) and discussed and of ensuring the freedom for all generations to come.

2024-03-02更新 | 38次组卷 | 1卷引用:Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 复习检测-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第三册
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:本文为一篇说明文,讲述了什么是“科学方法”,并告诉我们如何使用科学方法。

5 . Many pupils in school think of science as just another subject on the time-table containing more facts to be learned. This is wrong. Science does not mean believing and remembering what other people tell us. The real scientist examines facts in order to find out the truth for himself. This is called the scientific method.

Let us see how scientists work and what is meant by the scientific method. In these days we hear a lot about science, but scientists, the men and women, who do the work and make the discoveries, seem distant and strange to us. Science often appears to be very difficult, and sometimes even a kind of magic. Certainly we feel we shall never be able to understand how it works. It is difficult of course, but I think we are wrong if we believe that we can not understand it. The important thing about the scientific method is that we get answers to questions by making tests. We do not just guess the answer or believe what anybody tells us. In fact, in simple ways we all use the scientific method every day.

We can see from very simple examples that the scientific method is not only for the use of a few people called scientists, but something we can all use with advantage. But patience and hard, careful work are necessary to find out the truth.

1. What does the text mainly talk about?
A.The scientific method.B.The science subject.
C.The scientific discoveries.D.The real scientists.
2. Which of the following does the author agree with?
A.We all understand how science works.
B.We are familiar with most scientists.
C.We sometimes feel science confusing.
D.We know answers by making guesses.
3. Who can use the scientific method?
A.The scientists.B.School pupils.C.The Scholars.D.Everyone.
4. What can we learn from the text?
A.The scientific method is too difficult to use.
B.We can find out the truth from very simple examples.
C.Care and diligence is important for the scientific method.
D.The scientific method is only for the use of a few people.
2024-02-11更新 | 24次组卷 | 2卷引用:安徽省芜湖市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了佛罗里达州大学副教授Dr. Joseph Dituri完成了一项在海洋表面下生活100天的研究任务,并创下了新的世界纪录。

6 . An associate university professor in Florida has completed his research mission and set a new world record in the process: living 100 days beneath the ocean’s surface.

On Friday morning, Dr. Joseph Dituri felt the sun’s rays for the first time since he began the project 22 feet below the waters of Key Largo, Florida, on March 1.   

Dituri,55, a biomedical engineer who teaches at the University of South Florida and calls himself “Dr. Deep Sea”, spent just over three months at the bottom of the Emerald Lagoon in Jules’ Undersea Lodge, the only underwater hotel in the United States.

The research project, Project Neptune 100, was organized by the Key Largo-based Marine Resources Development Foundation and focused on ocean conservation research and studying how high pressure affects the human body.

The US Navy veteran said he’d noticed one impact: The water pressure seems to have shrunken his height by half an inch. Dituri stood at 6 feet 1 inch tall before starting his mission, the University of South Florida stated in a news release.

The scientist began the project with a belief that increased pressure could help humans live longer and prevent aging-related diseases, the news release said. Dituri said he hopes his underwater research will benefit the treatment of a variety of illnesses, including traumatic brain injuries.

Dituri also used the project as an educational experience for the youth. “We have interacted with thousands of school children to get them interested in science, technology, engineering and math, “Dituri told Guinness World Records on June 8. While underwater, he continued teaching his college students virtually.

Dituri broke the Guinness World Record for longest time living underwater at the 74-day mark of his project, on May 13. The previous record stood at 73 days, two hours and 34 minutes, set at the same location al Dituri’s successful attempt.

1. When did Dr. Joseph Dituri probably return to the surface?
A.On March 1.B.On May 13.C.On June 9.D.On June 19.
2. Why did Dr. Joseph Dituri take part in the project?
A.To challenge his limits.B.To encourage good teamwork.
C.For scientific research.D.For personal enthusiasm.
3. What did Dr. Joseph Dituri expect of living underwater?
A.It’s beneficial to human health.B.It does harm to human body.
C.It’s a very painful experience.D.It’s the same as living on land.
4. What would be the most suitable title for the text?
A.What Is Living Underwater Really Like?
B.Can Humans Live Underwater for 100 Days?
C.“Dr. Deep Sea” Interacts with Children Underwater
D.“Dr. Deep Sea” Breaks Record for Living Underwater
2024-01-29更新 | 80次组卷 | 2卷引用:河北省沧衡名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
阅读理解-七选五 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些已经实现的令人难以置信的Wells预言。

7 . H. G. Wells, born in 1866, was trained as a scientist, a pioneer among his literary contemporaries, and was perhaps the most important figure in the genre (类型) that would become science fiction. Writers in this tradition have a history not just of imagining the future as it might be, but of inspiring others to make it a reality.     1    .

Audio book, Airplane, and Television

Wells imagined forms of future entertainment. In When the Sleeper Wakes (1899), residents use fantastic forms of technology like audio books, airplanes and television sets.

    2    

Visitors to The Island of Dr. Moreau(1896) meet odd creatures created by the mad man doctor in human-animal hybrid experiments that may predict the age of genetic engineering.     3    , though today human immune systems (免疫系统) still ultimately reject such efforts.

Lasers(激光)

Martians in The War of the Worlds(1898) give off what Wells called a Heat Ray.     4    . It would be more than six decades before Theodore Harold Maiman fired up the first operational laser in 1960, but military thinkers had been hoping to weaponize (使…武器化) the conceptual laser before it was proven practical, .

Atomic Bombs(原子弹)

    5     . The atomic bombs he introduces in The World Set Free(1914) fuel a war so disastrous that its survivors are moved to create a unified world government to avoid future conflicts.

A.Genetic Engineering
B.Directed-energy Weapons
C.It can burn enemies with a noiseless flash of light
D.It is often a warning about the consequences of technology
E.Here are some of the incredible Wells predictions that have come true
F.Wells recognized the damaging power that might be created by this weapon
G.Scientists are working towards the possibility that animal organs could save human patients
阅读理解-七选五 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖得主的共同品质,并激励我们学习这些品质从而取得成功。

8 . Being the BEST: Common Qualities of Nobel Prize winners

Once again, we celebrate the Nobel Prize winners and how they expand our knowledge, improve our planet, and enrich our lives. These awards have showed some intellectuals do contribute substantially in advancing our progress.     1    .


Thinking outside the box

    2    . It allows us to look past and think ahead. The limit of knowledge is our inability to observe the world and ideas in a new way. Albert Einstein, for example, needed to see beyond the Newtonian understanding of the universe to rewrite the concepts of physics. Nobel Prize winners frequently display enormous amounts of open-mindedness.


Acting with persistence

People somehow get the false impression that breakthroughs happen during a sudden moment of understanding. A light shining on their face, music bursts into the background, and the person immediately discovers some previously hidden answer. Although this scene is wonderful for movies, usually gaining new understandings is a much more complicated process.     3    . Those who won Novel Prize persist when others gave up. Only those with enormous amounts of persistence can work past these obstacles.


    4    

Cooperation motivates us, and allows us to consider alternative ideas. These activities create an atmosphere of creation and learning. Additionally, many Nobel Prizes are awarded to multiple people, since the work was accomplished by an assortment (各式各样的) of intellectuals working together.

These traits exist as similarities among Nobel Prize winners.     5    . However, even if you do not achieve this admirable goal, you will indeed have a much greater chance of success in whatever you pursue.

A.Working in groups
B.Considering alternative ideas
C.Creativity is one of the most important human resources
D.As for us, we can still learn from the common qualities of the winners
E.Years of devotion, frustration, and even failure usually come before success
F.Of course, displaying these qualities does not mean certainly winning a Noble Prize
G.The Nobel Prizes are the most significant awards given for extraordinary achievements
2023-11-10更新 | 164次组卷 | 1卷引用:重庆市实验外国语学校2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试试题
语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了13名中国科学家成功登顶中国西南部西藏自治区的珠穆朗玛峰,并成功改进了世界上最高的自动气象站的过程。
9 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Thirteen Chinese scientists successfully reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma on May 23rd in Southwest China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, with the world’s highest automatic meteorological station successfully     1     (improve). The scientists reached the peak at around 12:30 p.m. on May 23rd,     2     was the second time a Chinese expedition to Mount Qomolangma reached an altitude above 8,000 meters since 2022.

Recently, several leading technologies     3     (apply) in China’s Peak Mission expedition by a total of 170 scientists who     4     (be) conducting research on water, ecology and other activities during the 2023 expedition to Mount Qomolangma as part of the second comprehensive     5     (science) expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

At 3 a.m on May 23rd, a group of 13 scientists     6     (form) the expedition team set off from the 8,300-meter high camp at Mount Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West. After     7     8-hour climb, they reached the world’s highest automatic weather observation station at 8,830 meters above sea level around 11 a.m. The team secured fixed steel ropes, replaced batteries, installed a wind speed     8     direction sensor at the station. After     9     (approximate) one hour of work, the scientists successfully completed the maintenance and upgrade of the automatic weather station.

Currently, automated weather     10     (station) at 7,790 meters and 8,300 meters on Mount Qomolangma have completed their technical upgrades.

阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了尽管科学总是在变化,但是它还是值得信赖的原因。

10 . Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing? If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today’s scientific description of the world?

The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can’t diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.

Consider a folk healer’s herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is “scientific”? Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.

What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.”

1. Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1?
A.To add some fun.B.To express doubts.
C.To introduce the topic.D.To provide background.
2. What can we learn about today’s scientific description of the world?
A.It can be timeless.B.It can be improved.
C.It is of little value.D.It is the best at any moment.
3. What is the author’s attitude toward folk treatment?
A.Dismissive.B.Objective.C.Pessimistic.D.Sympathetic.
4. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A.It is unwise to believe in science.
B.Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C.The foundation of science is unfounded.
D.The lack of certainty makes science credible.
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