1 . Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word than you need.
A.artificial B.automated C.confused D.expertly E.imitated
F.inspection G.intentionally H.likes I.predictions J.seeded K.tempting |
Don’t fear the Writernator
Computer-generated writing will never replace the human kind.
Many people will be familiar with 1 writing through two features of G-mail.Smart Reply offers brief answers to routine emails. More strikingly, Smart Compose Kicks in as you write, suggesting endings to your sentences. Both are not only provided in perfect English; they often weirdly seem to have guessed what you want to say.
The New Yorker’s John Seabrook recently described a more powerful version of this technology, called GPT-2, which 2 his magazine’s style. Such systems use a digital network of billions of artificial “neurons”(神经元) with virtual “synapses” — the connections between neurons - that strengthen as the network Teams,
The metaphor of the brain is 3 , but “neurons” and “synapses” deserve those scare-quotes (引导).The system is merely making some statistical guesses about which words follow which in a New Yorker-style sentence.At a simple level, imagine beginning an email with “Happy…” Having looked at millions of other emails, G-mail can reasonably guess that the next word will be “birthday”. GPT-2 makes 4 of the same sort.
What fails computers is creativity.They cannot conceive a topic or goal on their own, much less plan how to get there with logic and style.At various points, readers can see how GPT-2 would have carried on writing Mr Sea-brook’s piece for him ...The prose gives then impression of being human. But on closer 5 it is empty, even incoherent.
Meaningless prose is not only the preserve of artificial intelligence.There is already a large quantity of writing that seems to make sense, but ultimately doesn’t, at least to a majority of readers. In 1996 Alan Sokal famously submitted an article to a humanities journal, with ideas that were complete nonsense but with language that 6 imitated fashionable post-modernist academic prose. It was accepted. Humans already produce language that is lacking in meaning, 7 and otherwise.
But to truly write, you must first have something to say.Computers do not.They await instructions.Given input, they provide output.Such systems can be 8 with a topic, or the first few paragraphs, and be told to “write”. While the result may be grammatical English, this should not be 9 with the purposeful kind.To compose meaningful essays, the 10 of GPT-2 will first have to be integrated with databases of real-world knowledge.
