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阅读理解-七选五 | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学的几个让人意外的事情。

1 . Unexpected Things About Archaeology (考古学)

Archaeology is an amazing career. We get to explore and debate how life has been and can be lived, and we get to share this knowledge with people in a way which benefits society. If you don’t know an archaeologist or haven’t worked with one before, you might not know what they actually do or you might think we do things that we don’t.     1    


Not all archaeology is underground.

A lot of people think of archaeology as being buried in the ground, but any physical material can tell us about the past.     2     In fact, there’s a whole specialism of archaeology that involves recording historic buildings and creating drawings and reports about them.


    3    

You might think archaeologists are only interested in the most precious items, like coins, valuable jewellery or well-preserved objects. But often the most common items, like pottery, clay tobacco pipes, glass bottles or bricks, can tell them the most information. They help build a picture of people’s lives. Sometimes, not finding an object we thought would be there tells us something about the people.


Archaeologists don’t use brushes very often.

Many people think archaeologists spend all day brushing dirt off the items they find. They do sometimes use brushes to clean surfaces for clear photographs. But they mainly use tools like trowels, shovels or mattocks. A normal day involves a lot of heavy digging.    4     But sometimes archaeologists work with very fragile items. For this they would normally use tools like a thin “leave” trowel, but usually a brush.

Archaeologists can use technology to learn what is underground instead of digging.

    5     Geophysical Survey uses electric and magnets to find tiny differences in the earth and creates a map of potential archaeology under the earth. Drones can also be used to take aerial photographs, where things like crop-marks can be clues to past human activity.

Archaeology is a science, an art and a form of physical work. It’s varied and can appeal to people with different interests and skills. It may take you on a journey you don’t expect!

A.Archaeology is for everybody.
B.Archaeologists aren’t only interested in gold.
C.Archaeologists don’t have to dig to learn about what is underground.
D.So we pulled together a list of things you might not know about archaeology.
E.This means above-ground remains, like buildings, are important forms of evidence.
F.They also must work quickly as they’re usually part of a wider construction project.
G.Archaeologists get more information about the history of an area with every site they dig.
2024-03-02更新 | 130次组卷 | 1卷引用:重庆市第一中学2023-2024学年高三下学期2月月考英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现,通过化石上表征的过去,古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验,预测危险,为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯,强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在。

2 . Frozen in time, a 125-million-year-old mammal attacking a dinosaur. A 39-million-year-old whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The oldest known jellyfish, from 505 million years ago. Paleontology (古生物学) produces newsworthy discoveries.

Fossils (化石), moreover, provide direct evidence for the long history of life, allowing paleontologists to test hypotheses (假设) about evolution with data only they provide. They allow investigation of present and past life on Earth. Flows of biological diversity, appearances of new life forms and the extinctions of long existing ones, would go undiscovered without these efforts. But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontology. Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. From its beginnings, more than three billion years ago, to the present day, fossils record how life adapted or disappeared in the face of major environmental challenges.

Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage on modern climate change. They play an essential role in interpreting ancient environments, in reconstructing ancient oceans, continents and climates. Fossils provide key limitation on the climate models that are essential for predicting future climate change. And the fossil record gives important insights into how life will respond to predicted future climate conditions, because these have occurred before in Earth’s history.

In addition, paleontology has provided a fundamental contribution to human thought: the reality of species extinction and thus of a world that has dramatically changed over time. In documenting the history of life, paleontologists recognized that many extinction episodes could occur suddenly, such as the event 66 million years ago that ended the dinosaurs. The search for the causes of past mass extinctions started pioneering studies from across the scientific spectrum (科学界), focusing on potential future threats to humanity.

Not only do paleontologists know what happens to life when things go bad, they also know how long it takes for ecosystems and biodiversity to recover from these disasters, which can take far longer than modern humans have existed.

Paleontologists thus provide a unique perspective on the nature and future long-term ecological impact of the current human-produced biodiversity crisis, the so-called Sixth Extinction, and therefore the importance of protecting modern biodiversity. The very concept of a Sixth Extinction would not exist without paleontologists documenting the first five.

Paleontologists know that understanding life’s past is critical to anticipating and adapting to life’s and humanity’s future. Paleontology is important because it brings its unique and critical perspective to current challenges in climate change, biodiversity loss and the environment. Paleontologists can predict the future because they know the past.

1. The first two paragraphs are written to _______.
A.describe an eventB.raise a question
C.present an opinionD.make a comparison
2. What does the underlined word “vantage” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.A positive effect.B.A valuable suggestion.
C.A quick decision.D.A comprehensive view.
3. Which of the following would the author agree with?
A.Ecological recovery takes shorter than imagined.
B.Past lessons can help to predict the future threats.
C.Paleontologists can handle the biodiversity crisis.
D.Fossil studies focus on the causes of mass extinctions.
4. What’s the best title for the passage?
A.Paleontology: A Pioneering Study
B.Paleontology: A History Recorder
C.Paleontology Tells More About Nature Than Humans
D.Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries
阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是现代考古学家使用激光束来发现地下的古代生命的证据,阐述了这种科技的工作原理,有效性和多产性。

3 . We usually think of archaeology as lots of painstaking work by brave explorers. But today, long-hidden cities are being revealed (显露) from the air, where modern archaeologists use laser pulses (激光脉冲) to discover the sign of ancient life buried below thick surface.   

Lidar, short for “light detection and ranging”, needs directing rapid laser pulses at the ground from an airplane. Software catches the time and wavelength of the pulses reflected from the surface and connects it with GPS and other data to produce a precise 3D map of the landscape below.

In recent years, lidar exposed an ancient city in western Mexico called Angamuco. The discovery of this long-lost Mexican metropolis (大都) is especially meaningful.

“To think that this large city existed in the heartland of Mexico for all this time and nobody knew it was there is kind of amazing,” says Chris Fisher, an archaeologist at Colorado State University who led the expedition.

The city extended over ten square miles. “That is a huge area with a lot of people,” says Fisher. “You are talking about 40. 000 building foundations, which is about the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan.” Archaeologists were surprised when they saw Angamuco’s city plan. The monuments (纪念碑) were largely concentrated in eight zones around the edges rather than being located in one large center.

Archacologists discovered signs of the buried city in 2007 and attempted to explore it using a traditional way. But the team soon realized that it would take at least ten years to outline the whole metropolis. In 2011, they began using lidar to map nearly 14 square miles. Researchers now believe that more than 100. 000 people lived in Angamuco from about AD 1000 to AD 1350. That makes it the biggest city in western Mexico at the time or at least the biggest city we know about so far.

“Everywhere you point the lidar instrument, you find something new.” says Fisher. “Right now. every textbook has to be rewritten. and two years from now. they’re going to have to be rewritten again.”

1. Where is the text probably taken from?
A.A textbookB.A magazineC.A guidebookD.A diary.
2. How does lidar work to reveal buried ancient life?
A.By producing a precise 3D landscape.B.By connecting laser pulses with software
C.By catching images of the ground surfaceD.By detecting the ground with laser pulses.
3. What can we know about Angamuco?
A.It existed in Mexico for a short time.B.It covered an area as large as Manhattan.
C.It had monuments located in the city center.D.It was a metropolis with a large population.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Lidar uses light waves to peel back the layers of time.
B.A Mexico city is unearthed and presented to the world.
C.Laser pulses show fascinating facts about modern cities.
D.Archacologists uncover ancient cities to rewrite textbooks.
2024-01-21更新 | 59次组卷 | 1卷引用:重庆市主城区七校联考2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宣纸的艺术价值及制作工艺。
4 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book     1     (write) by Tang Dynasty (618-907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in which he     2     (describe) Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, was listed     3     a tribute for its super quality during the period.

The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is     4     (high) demanding, Sandalwood bark (檀香树皮),     5     plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. Because of the entire procedure     6     is so complex, even the most skilled craftsman can only master limited number of steps.

The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability     7     (make) the best use of ink. Different Xuan paper can     8     (create) for artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy.

Unlike other forms of paper, Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time.     9     (it) durability (耐久性) has made the preservation of many valuable     10     (work) from ancient China possible.

2024-01-19更新 | 36次组卷 | 1卷引用:重庆市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了冬至吃饺子习俗的由来。

5 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dumpling is a Chinese cuisine. Actually, the tradition of eating dumplings during winter solstice has its     1     (originate) in early times.

It is said that dumplings were invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a     2     (fame) physician from the Eastern-Han Dynasty. He was once     3     official in Changsha.When he returned home for private life, he saw people lived an     4    (extreme) hard life and that their ears were red with cold in the snowing winter. He was sad and let his follower cook     5     (drive) out the chill with mutton, hot pepper and some medicine. Zhang let him boil them first and cut them up, then wrap them with flour. After     6     (boil) them, he gave the medicinal food to the people there on the day of the winter solstice. Zhang Zhongjing called it “cold dispelling dumpling soup”. By eating this kind of ear-like food, people’s ears     7     (cure).

Thereafter, every winter solstice Zhang Zhongjing made “cold dispelling dumpling soup” in order to prevent and cure ailments     8     (cause) by the cold. Then there became a saying that     9     you eat dumplings during the winter solstice, then you won’t freeze your ears off.

Afterwards, Zhang Zhongjing died on the day of winter solstice.     10     honor of him, every household makes dumplings every year on the day of the winter solstice.

语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宣纸的历史、发展与现状。
6 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Paper-making is a reflection of ancient Chinese wisdom,     1     (regard) as one of the Four Great Inventions of China. Among various types of paper in China, Xuan paper, traditionally handmade in Xuancheng, Anhui province, is famous for its close association    2    Chinese calligraphy and ink paintings.

The     3    (early) mention of Xuan paper is in On Famous Paintings Through History, a book by a scholar from the Tang Dynasty. It listed many characteristics of Xuan paper, like its stability, its durability and its    4    (resist) to insects. Yet     5    positioned it as an ideal medium for calligraphy and painting is its capacity to display various ink shades. Such are the features of the Xuan paper    6    it has gained favor among artists and calligraphers across generations.

With the growing popularity of Xuan paper in recent years, the industry has expanded     7    (dramatic) in Anhui. Last year, large quantities of Xuan paper, to be precise, about 500 metric tons,     8    (produce) in Xuancheng,     9     engaged more than 30, 000 local people in the industry. Currently, the local government is building a Xuan paper cultural park and a Xuan paper town    10     (develop) cultural tourism.

语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了秦始皇的成就和对中国产生的影响。
7 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As centuries pass,     1     (historian) are still able to remember the achievements attained by the first emperor of unified China. We have to acknowledge that the successes QinShi Huang had were     2     (last) and helpful for the future of China.

When Qin Shi Huang first came into power in 220 BCE, China     3    (divide) into many kingdoms. In order to unify China, he launched a war    4     the other six major kingdoms. By 221 BCE, he was able to unify China under his rule.

Qin Shi Huang had    5    profound impact on China’s culture. He helped dig canals and build roads    6     (facilitate) travel. He started the national road system and created fast roads. He was    7     (extreme) influential in China’s government. Qin declared that the round coin with a square-shaped hole in the center as the currency of China. He named it ban-liang coin. The first emperor was able to create a unified measuring standard for weight, volume and     8     (long).

He asked his Prime Minister, Li Si, to unify the eight calligraphic (书写的) styles     9     were promoted in other states and absorb some     10     (simplify) characters to create the standardized Qin. This was China’s first thorough character standardization movement led by the central government, and the uniform calligraphic style had great significance in pushing forward the development of Chinese characters.

2024-01-06更新 | 81次组卷 | 1卷引用:重庆市好教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月期中英语试题(含听力)
语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了著名画家阎立本创作的著名历史卷轴《步辇图》最近在北京故宫博物院展出。
8 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。

Counted among the “Ten Great Chinese Paintings”, the famous historical scroll painting “Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy (使团)”, created by renowned painter Yan Liben (601—673),     1     (make) an appearance in an exhibition at the Palace Museum in Beijing on April 29, 2023. This painting     2     (faithful) displays a scene in the year 641 when Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty received the Tibetan team,     3     members came for Tang Princess Wencheng.

In the     4     (seven) century, Songtsen Gampo, the headman of the Tibetan Tubo Kingdom, sent an envoy to Chang’an to propose a marriage. Emperor Taizong agreed to give Princess Wencheng in marriage to him. In the spring of 641, the envoy sent by Songtsen Gampo arrived at the court     5     (guard) the princess back to Tubo.

Princess Wencheng brought not only Tang Dynasty customs and practices, but also a large group of     6     (craftsman), which had a stimulating effect     7     the Tubo tribal economy and culture. As a result, the Tang Empire and Tubo maintained a good relationship for a considerable period.

In addition to well-known artworks such as this painting, the exhibition also featured a large number of cultural relics     8     (display) to the public for the first time.

The exhibition showcased     9     total of 108 cultural relics, including 13 items from     10     (diversity) units of the Cultural Heritage Bureau of the Xizang Autonomous Region, as well as 95 items from the Palace Museum.

语法填空-短文语填 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥林匹克运动会的发展史及中国在奥运会上取得的成就。
9 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词,如括号提示,请以提示词的正确形式填空。

The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE.     1     , they died out around the year 393. It was in 1896, in Athens that the modern Olympic Games     2     (hold) first. A Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin     3     dream was that the Olympics would make it possible for people     4     ( live ) side by side in peace brought the Olympics back to life. Since then, motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, thousands of     5     (high) trained and talented athletes     6     (devote) themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement, such as Muhammad Ali, Michael Jordan, Jessica Ennis-Hill and so on.

Chinese athletes have also made important     7     (contribute) to the Olympics. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, China returned     8     the Olympics after 32 years’ absence and Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang became the first Asian     9     (win) the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles. In 2008, in addition to hosting the Olympic for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table. The year 2022 was another historic moment for China, as Beijing won     10     election to host the Winter Olympics.

阅读理解-阅读单选 | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了金字塔是由谁建造的,一直以来都是个谜。现在,考古学家们通过研究发现确信金字塔不是由奴隶或外国人(或外星人)建造的。相反,是普通的埃及人建造了它们。

10 . The pyramids of Giza(吉萨金字塔) have been timeless(永恒的) symbols of Egyptian culture. But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure. But recently an ancient village was discovered near the pyramids. Close by, there was a cemetery(墓地) where pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archeologists are now certain that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners (or aliens!). Instead, ordinary Egyptians built them.

It took about eighty years to build the pyramids. According to archeologists, about 20,000 to 30,000 people took part in the task. The workers had different roles. Some were responsible for digging up the rocks that were to be used. Others were tasked with moving them, while another group was given the job of shaping them into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. These teams would often compete against each other to do a job faster.

Life for these workers was hard. “We can see that in their skeletons,” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist who has been studying the bodies that were found in the cemetery. The bones show signs of arthritis (关节炎), which probably developed as a result of having to carry heavy things for a long time. Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men. Their lives may have been even tougher. Male workers would on average live to be between the ages of 40 and 45, but women would only live to be between the ages of 30 and 35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had good medical care when they got sick or hurt.

The work was hard, but the laborers were proud of their work. On a wall in Khufu’s Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It’s because they were not just building the tomb of their king,” says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.”

1. According to the latest discoveries in the text, who built the pyramids in Egypt?
A.Some foreigners.B.Some aliens.
C.Some ordinary Egyptians.D.Some slaves.
2. The underlined word “archeologist” (in paragraph 1) probably means “a person who studies ______.”
A.ancient societiesB.living things
C.human behaviorD.the outer space
3. What can we know about the pyramid builders from the last paragraph?
A.The pyramid builders were looking for new friends.
B.The pyramid builders were very angry with their bosses.
C.The pyramid builders were satisfied with their achievements.
D.The pyramid builders were in trouble because of their bad behavior.
4. What part of the magazine is the passage probably taken from?
A.Sports.B.Fashion.
C.Personal Feelings.D.Scientific Research.
共计 平均难度:一般