4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the Library Cave, known as Cave 17 from the Mogao Cave Complex at Dunhuang, China, was opened in 1900, several tons of manuscripts (手稿) scrolls, booklets and paintings on silk and paper were found literally stuffed into it. These     1     (extreme) valuable writings were collected between     2     9th and 10th centuries CE, by Tang and Song Dynasty Buddhist monks who carved out the cave and then filled it     3     ancient and current manuscripts on topics ranging from religion and philosophy, history and mathematics, to folk songs and dance.

Cave 17 is only one of the 735 human-made     4     (cave) called Mogao Grottoes,     5     were dug into a loess cliff about 15 miles southeast of the town of Dunhuang in Gansu Province. Dunhuang’s long and glorious history reflects     6     (it) significance as a center of     7     (culture) and religious exchange. These caves     8     (dig) and maintained by Buddhist monks from 366 CE and were sealed and hidden about a thousand years ago. It was not until 1900 that they were rediscovered.

The Dunhuang Academy was set up in China in the 1980s,     9     (aim) to collect and preserve the manuscripts; the International Dunhuang Project (IDP) was formed in 1994 to bring the international scholars together     10     (work) jointly on the collections. The IDP has put many of the documents, images and translations online.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Like almost all types of art on the vast land of China, the style and texture (质地) of silk are also of great     1     (vary). Hangluo satin from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, is well known for its airy and sheer texture. By comparison, Yunjin brocade from Nanjing, Jiangsu province, a luxurious fabric     2     is often used for royal garments,     3     (represent) China’s silk weaving technique at its prime (鼎盛时期).

Yunjin brocade is best made     4     hand on giant machines for weaving, in a complex procedure that includes more than a hundred steps. Even     5     most skilled artisans can only weave a few centimeters a day. Time, skill     6     patience all play significant roles on its heavenly beauty, or as its name suggests, its cloud-like splendor.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—AD 24), with the routes     7     (open) up by Zhang Qian to the western regions, silk reached countries in Central Asia, later     8     (extend) its reach to other parts of Eurasia and beyond. Fittingly, its name marked China’s major international trade routes, the ancient Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road.

In the hands of Chinese artists, the     9     (thin) threads can weave pictures of enormous possibilities, and the softest material can travel thousands of years. As one of the many marvels of ancient China, silk is not merely a type of textile.     10     is also a cultural icon, and an embodiment of elegance and grace.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times. It is     1     (wide) known that the reason for this bas been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language,     2     dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu. Symbols     3     (carve) on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people. Over the years, there was     4     time when people were divided geographically, leading to many     5     (variety) of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang, who united the seven major states into one unified country made the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction. It was of great     6     (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live     7     what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. People in modern times can read the classic works     8     (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Nowadays, Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role     9     global affairs, a large number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this     10     (amaze) language.

8 . When ancient Egyptians put pen to paper—or, more accurately, ink to papyrus (纸莎草纸) —they took steps to ensure that their words would last forever, a new study suggests. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have found that ancient scribes (抄写员) likely added lead to their inks to help their writing dry. More than 1,000 years later, reports Cosmos Magazine, 15th-century European artists employed lead as well. According to the London National Gallery, lead-based pigments found in many Old Master paintings are “known to aid the drying of paint films.”

According to a statement from the University of Copenhagen, the study’s authors analyzed 12 papyrus pieces dating back to between 100 and 200 C.E., when Egypt was under Roman control. The team used X-ray microscope to determine the raw materials used in different inks, as well as the chemical structure of the dried ink attached to the ancient paper. Ancient Egyptians began writing with ink—made by burning wood or oil and mixing the resulting material with water—around 3200 B.C. Typically, scribes used black, carbon-based ink for the body of text and reserved red ink for headings and other key words in the text. Though black and red inks were most common, shades of blue, green, white and yellow also appeared in ancient texts.

The researchers write that the Egyptians created red inks with iron-based combinations—most likely natural earth pigments. The team also identified the presence of lead. They were bowled over that there was no lead white or other combinations that would typically be present in a lead-based pigment. Instead, the ancient ink’s lead pigments appeared to wrap around the papyrus cell walls and iron particles (微粒). The resulting effect looked “as if the letters were outlined” in lead. This finding indicates that the ancient Egyptians invented a system of adding lead to red and black inks specifically for the purpose of sticking the words to paper.

The 12 analyzed papyrus pieces are part of the University of Copenhagen’s Papyrus Carlsberg Collection. The documents originated in Tebtunis, the only large-scale institutional library known to have survived from ancient Egyptian times.

1. What is the main function of lead in the masterpieces of the ancients?

A．To make the colors brighter.	B．To stick the ink to the pen.
C．To help the writing dry.	D．To increase their thickness.

2. What can be inferred from the statement?

A．It was easy for X-ray microscope to detect the raw materials.

B．Only wet inks can be used to determine their chemical components.

C．Ancient Egyptians already knew black could catch eyes easily.

D．The inks used by the ancient Egyptians came in a variety of colors.

3. What do the underlined words mean?

A．Amazed.

B．Concerned.

C．Angry.

D．Worried.

4. How did the ancient Egyptians make words stay on paper for a long time according to Paragraph 3?

A．By combining several kinds of colors.

B．By adding lead to red and black inks.

C．By breaking the structure of the colors.

D．By analyzing the elements of the paper.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Table tennis started as an after-dinner game, but is now a fast, high-tech sport. It also has     1     most players of any sport in the world.

    2     is believed that upper-class Victorians in England invented table tennis in the 1880s as an after-dinner alternative (可能的选择) to tennis,     3     (use) whatever they could find as equipment. A line of books would often be the net, and sometimes a cigarette box cover would be a racket.

In 1926, at a meeting     4     (hold) in Berlin, the International Table Tennis Federation was formed. The first World Championships were held in London in the same year, but the sport had to wait a long time before it was given a chance     5     (make) its first appearance at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.

The sport     6     (progress) greatly since it was first invented. Nowadays, players use     7     (special) developed rackets and a lightweight, hollow (空心的) ball. Thanks to their high-tech rackets, they can now enjoy the     8     (magic) feeling of hitting the ball at over 150 kilometres per hour!

Over the years, table tennis has developed into a worldwide sport. There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis players and countless millions     9     play less seriously. Hopefully, table tennis     10     (play) by more people all over the world in the future.