1 . Vasco da Gama, born around 1469 in Sines, Portugal, is best remembered as the first European to sail from Europe to India. The sea
As a young man, studying navigation, he served as an officer in the Portuguese
Earlier Portuguese expeditions had
In July, Gama
Farther north, on the coast of Kenya, Gama hired an Arab to
Then in 1502, Gama made a
A.product | B.chart | C.kingdom | D.route |
A.government | B.navy | C.land force | D.air force |
A.convinced | B.cheated | C.appointed | D.acknowledged |
A.discuss | B.cut | C.control | D.adopt |
A.blocked | B.destroyed | C.occupied | D.rounded |
A.dangerous | B.comfortable | C.delicate | D.initial |
A.vehicle | B.flight | C.voyage | D.war |
A.landed | B.stopped | C.dived | D.departed |
A.attacked | B.reached | C.assisted | D.sheltered |
A.accidentally | B.possibly | C.exceptionally | D.subsequently |
A.blew | B.drove | C.paid | D.dusted |
A.navigate | B.drag | C.push | D.leak |
A.apart | B.alone | C.available | D.aboard |
A.talk | B.bargain | C.live | D.trade |
A.first | B.second | C.third | D.fourth |
A.bleeding | B.visible | C.secret | D.financial |
A.witnessed | B.sank | C.bought | D.repaired |
A.because | B.where | C.unless | D.before |
A.loaded | B.combined | C.unfolded | D.surrounded |
A.However | B.Meanwhile | C.Instead | D.Therefore |
2 . The Silk Road is a name given to the trade routes that connected Europe and the Mediterranean with the Asian world. The route got its
The Chinese leaned to
The ancient Romans were the first Europeans who became
Trading
Travelling along the route was
Over the centuries people
In the early Middle Ages traffic along the route decreased because of the fall of the Roman Empire. But trading along the Silk Road became
A.design | B.name | C.picture | D.story |
A.traded | B.produced | C.showed | D.developed |
A.make | B.wash | C.use | D.color |
A.last | B.second | C.same | D.only |
A.advised | B.allowed | C.asked | D.helped |
A.carefully | B.regularly | C.equally | D.increasingly |
A.worried about | B.aware of | C.used to | D.proud of |
A.increased | B.changed | C.started | D.continued |
A.support | B.demand | C.exchange | D.search |
A.dangerous | B.mysterious | C.boring | D.disappointing |
A.animals | B.resources | C.clothes | D.goods |
A.walked | B.hurried | C.settled | D.bargained |
A.strange | B.difficult | C.safe | D.easy |
A.fairer | B.freer | C.quieter | D.stronger |
A.direct | B.new | C.long | D.familiar |
3 . Although we lack accurate statistics about child mortality in the pre-industrial period, we do have evidence that in the 1660s, the mortality rate for children who died within 14 days of birth was as much as 30 percent. Nearly all families
The 18th century witnessed the
The lives of children
A.suffered | B.deserved | C.endured | D.defeated |
A.judgement | B.reaction | C.commitment | D.expression |
A.interpretation | B.transformation | C.journey | D.migration |
A.previously | B.naturally | C.dramatically | D.accidentally |
A.allowed | B.introduced | C.organised | D.forced |
A.committed | B.addicted | C.subjected | D.entitled |
A.anticipated | B.caused | C.indicated | D.underwent |
A.Nevertheless | B.Moreover | C.Instead | D.Therefore |
A.compared with | B.based on | C.coupled with | D.regardless of |
A.agriculture | B.machines | C.weather | D.livestock |
A.industrialism | B.trend | C.popularity | D.development |
A.experienced | B.gifted | C.imaginative | D.influential |
A.remarkable | B.authoritative | C.comprehensive | D.alarming |
A.enriches | B.rebuilds | C.prolongs | D.determines |
A.recognition | B.experience | C.admission | D.benefits |
4 . Today we see writing all around us. We would be
The earliest people have no
Modern forms of writing began when people
Even greater advances were
A.lost | B.calm | C.hurt | D.skeptical |
A.pan | B.system | C.motivation | D.dream |
A.began | B.developed | C.appeared | D.failed |
A.When | B.While | C.After | D.Before |
A.communication | B.experience | C.relationship | D.education |
A.shows | B.notices | C.follows | D.produces |
A.joke | B.warning | C.memory | D.mistake |
A.begged | B.refused | C.learned | D.promised |
A.worries | B.cultures | C.ideas | D.questions |
A.lines | B.pictures | C.tools | D.animals |
A.For example | B.Above all | C.As usual | D.At first |
A.Less | B.Worse | C.Older | D.Further. |
A.letters | B.alphabets | C.stars | D.symbols |
A.prevented | B.checked | C.made | D.taught |
A.mix | B.read | C.write | D.remember |
A.however | B.besides | C.therefore | D.otherwise |
A.longer | B.easier | C.more interesting | D.more popular |
A.answer | B.problem | C.future | D.message |
A.never | B.hardly | C.even | D.often |
A.but | B.because | C.if | D.so |
5 . In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was,
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more
In 1968 working out the
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a
A.therefore | B.what’s more | C.nevertheless | D.for instance |
A.intensified | B.confirmed | C.dismissed | D.encouraged |
A.complicated | B.engaging | C.unpleasant | D.frightening |
A.in question | B.at large | C.by comparison | D.with doubt |
A.composition | B.age | C.sex | D.origin |
A.distinct | B.unidentified | C.alike | D.broken |
A.female | B.old | C.young | D.male |
A.cooperation | B.authority | C.institute | D.adventure |
A.restored | B.extra | C.missing | D.dominant |
A.requirement | B.interest | C.combination | D.emphasis |
A.inspirations | B.lessons | C.inferences | D.comparisons |
A.eliminate | B.monitor | C.imitate | D.generate |
A.rejected | B.concluded | C.recalled | D.confessed |
A.high-status | B.secret | C.religious | D.peaceful |
A.conclusion | B.evidence | C.respect | D.solution |
6 . The 600-year-old Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace. It
The Forbidden City was surrounded by high
The lives of the royal families were
In 1987,the Forbidden City was
A.relieves | B.receives | C.guides | D.sells |
A.visitors | B.students | C.teachers | D.citizens |
A.dream | B.hope | C.wonder | D.mystery |
A.towers | B.walls | C.trees | D.hills |
A.Owning | B.Covering | C.Having | D.Taking |
A.altitude | B.power | C.figure | D.position |
A.studied | B.worked | C.gathered | D.died |
A.happy | B.sad | C.historical | D.national |
A.above | B.best | C.worst | D.ups |
A.finally | B.quickly | C.gradually | D.suddenly |
A.recorded | B.settled | C.connected | D.copied |
A.grasp | B.ignore | C.write | D.provide |
A.background | B.research | C.exam | D.survey |
A.treated | B.remembered | C.listed | D.honored |
A.palace | B.scenery | C.attraction | D.place |
7 . Find yourself at the doorway of any one of the countless temples or ancient buildings in China, and you may see an attractive but just piece of wall, only slightly larger than the entrance. It is Zhaobi, or spirit walls, which have a
Zhaobi can be
It is
A.long | B.unique | C.broad | D.mixed |
A.doubting | B.guessing | C.approaching | D.dating |
A.hidden | B.found | C.affected | D.changed |
A.labeled | B.torn | C.constructed | D.printed |
A.best | B.cleverest | C.highest | D.healthiest |
A.wealth | B.importance | C.knowledge | D.talent |
A.practical | B.limited | C.wrong | D.real |
A.considering | B.playing | C.walking | D.acting |
A.window | B.yard | C.house | D.entrance |
A.looked at | B.turned down | C.focused on | D.put aside |
A.offering | B.taking | C.cheating | D.using |
A.stay | B.flow | C.increase | D.boil |
A.Driving | B.Moving | C.Stopping | D.Running |
A.ability | B.quantity | C.quality | D.creativity |
A.walls | B.stones | C.brick | D.locks |
A.quitted | B.adopted | C.decorated | D.finished |
A.predicting | B.supposing | C.pretending | D.believing |
A.personal | B.ordinary | C.good | D.helpful |
A.certain | B.surprising | C.odd | D.worthy |
A.book | B.show | C.picture | D.game |
8 . It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean. This discovery encouraged them to
It was probably the irresistible desire for wealth that
The most effective way of gaining wealth was through
A.sail | B.walk | C.fly | D.drive |
A.set back | B.set off | C.set up | D.set against |
A.the East | B.the Mediterranean | C.Europe | D.Italy |
A.inheriting | B.creating | C.saving | D.losing |
A.frequently | B.hardly | C.frankly | D.eventually |
A.recognize | B.risk | C.realize | D.foresee |
A.discouraged | B.praised | C.forced | D.inspired |
A.business | B.benefit | C.fame | D.rights |
A.trade | B.war | C.conquering | D.bargaining |
A.precious | B.rough | C.hard | D.smooth |
A.interest | B.efficiency | C.value | D.practice |
A.exported | B.imported | C.robbed | D.occupied |
A.soldiers | B.explorers | C.pioneers | D.merchants |
A.lost | B.won | C.possessed | D.envied |
A.disappointed | B.available | C.anxious | D.reluctant |
9 . Yoghurt has a long history in Bulgaria. Many Bulgarians say it was accidentally discovered around 4,000 years ago when nomadic tribes wandered the land, carrying their mild(麦芽啤酒)in animal skins, which created a ripe environment for bacteria to grow, thus producing yoghurt. Yoghurt probably
A Bulgarian scientist, Dr Stamen Grigorov, was said to be the first to
But this new demand for Bulgarian yoghurt fundamentally changed the product. It was previously made at home, by women, using measurements based on
The state
Microbiologists collected samples of homemade yoghurt across the country, and then conducted experiments to select most beneficial bacteria in terms of health as well as taste. The “Bulgarian” yoghurt lies in its
The state-owned company LB Bulgaricum holds and licenses its patent to countries such as Japan and South Korea. Interestingly,
A.originated | B.extended | C.grew | D.flourished |
A.First of all | B.In contrast | C.Above all | D.In fact |
A.domestically | B.constantly | C.naturally | D.commercially |
A.make up | B.set aside | C.break down | D.tear apart |
A.identified | B.invented | C.combined | D.added |
A.changing | B.assessing | C.completing | D.detailing |
A.transmitted | B.admitted | C.challenged | D.established |
A.fueled | B.attributed | C.exaggerated | D.removed |
A.sight | B.prediction | C.ingredient | D.temperature |
A.assumed | B.excluded | C.maintained | D.evaluated |
A.condensed | B.artificial | C.raw | D.accessible |
A.buildup | B.takeover | C.takeup | D.workout |
A.media | B.national | C.positive | D.virtual |
A.history | B.function | C.popularity | D.variety |
A.while | B.unless | C.because | D.if |
10 . Zheng He (郑和) from China Might Have Discovered America Before Columbus
In 1405, a Chinese eunuch, Zheng He, launched the first of seven voyages west from China across the Indian Ocean. During the next 30 years (till 1433), he was in command of the world’s largest fleet
But a map titled “General Chart of the Integrated World” shows that he travelled much further west and even reached
This map shows two hemispheres of the world, a way to show the image of the round Earth on
Though Columbus and Zheng He both sailed across the oceans, their
For the next few hundred years, China largely
A.conquered | B.appointed | C.funded | D.dominated |
A.known | B.fake | C.debatable | D.mysterious |
A.America | B.India | C.Antarctica | D.Europe |
A.occupied | B.discovered | C.invented | D.extended |
A.hiked | B.drew | C.monitored | D.navigated |
A.white | B.flat | C.valuable | D.doubled |
A.sparkly | B.hopefully | C.characteristically | D.dramatically |
A.purposes | B.achievements | C.difficulties | D.routes |
A.invasive | B.diplomatic | C.superior | D.generous |
A.authorized | B.succeeded | C.lost | D.seized |
A.ordered | B.continued | C.ended | D.launched |
A.turned in | B.turned back | C.turned over | D.turned away |
A.similarly | B.however | C.for example | D.therefore |
A.Above all | B.On the contrary | C.As a result | D.In addition |
A.doubted | B.convinced | C.informed | D.aware |