1 . Here is a story about a young boy in New York. He once went to one of Dr. Jane Goodall’s talks and learned about the
When he saw a picture of a chimpanzee on a box of
The boy
“I took
As the story shows, young students have much more
The story also
With these small yet highly
| A．frightening | B．facial | C．spiritual | D．naughty |
| A．cookies | B．drinks | C．fruits | D．toys |
| A．heard | B．realized | C．understood | D．worried |
| A．joy | B．relaxation | C．excitement | D．fear |
| A．called | B．walked | C．wrote | D．talked |
| A．Regardless of | B．Remind of | C．Except for | D．Along with |
| A．disappear | B．remove | C．lose | D．take |
| A．advice | B．control | C．action | D．comfort |
| A．Whenever | B．However | C．Wherever | D．Whoever |
| A．accept | B．believe | C．decide | D．agree |
| A．time | B．enthusiasm | C．wisdom | D．power |
| A．officials | B．teachers | C．adults | D．teenagers |
| A．expect | B．gain | C．attempt | D．arrange |
| A．reminds | B．recommends | C．informs | D．suggests |
| A．social | B．big | C．new | D．traditional |
| A．living | B．fortune | C．difference | D．effort |
| A．convince | B．force | C．want | D．allow |
| A．rich | B．large | C．common | D．entire |
| A．peaceful | B．hopeful | C．influential | D．faithful |
| A．succeed | B．benefit | C．change | D．grow |
2 . Americans spend billions on vitamins, multivitamins for their health, but a review of numerous studies concluded there is little to no evidence that some of those vitamins prevent heart disease, cancer or death.
The report, released by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force last week, concluded that “recent evidence is not enough” to determine whether vitamins actually help or hurt your health, based on 84 studies, 52 of which were done since 2014. Vitamins examined included vitamins A, B, C, D and E, as well as other multivitamins.
“Our suggestion is neither for nor against taking vitamins, or combinations of those nutrients (营养物质). We just don’t have enough evidence,” said Dr. John Wong, a doctor in the Department of Medicine at Tufts Medical Center who was involved in the report.
While the finding is that vitamins don’t have any benefits to “healthy, non-pregnant (未怀孕) adults”, it doesn’t apply to “children, people who are pregnant or may become pregnant, or people who are hospitalized.”
The Task Force admitted it makes sense that people would take vitamins in hopes of health benefits, as some shortage may lead to illness. But experts agreed the best way to get good health and prevent cancer is a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
“The suggestion across all organizations about vitamins is to eat a balanced diet, and then the key tends to be on plenty of fruit and vegetables and less junk foods,” Wong said.
Wong added people should refer to their health doctors to determine if any vitamins are worth taking. He said this suggestion should also serve as a need to further research into proving the official benefits and risks for each vitamin.
1. Why can’t we say whether vitamins really benefit or harm health?| A．Because they really have no benefit. |
| B．Because many studies have proved it. |
| C．Because evidence is not enough at present. |
| D．Because Dr. John Wong wasn’t involved in the research. |
| A．Vitamins are of no benefit to anyone. |
| B．Vitamins are beneficial to healthy adults. |
| C．Children can’t take vitamins though they are in hospital. |
| D．People could take vitamins if lack of vitamin may tend to illness. |
| A．Taking enough vitamins. |
| B．Eating more packaged foods. |
| C．Following their health doctor’s advice. |
| D．Having a balanced diet and doing exercise. |
| A．Taking Vitamins: No Benefit to People |
| B．Doctor’s Advice on Buying Vitamins |
| C．Taking Vitamins: Likely to Waste Money |
| D．Americans Spending More Money on Vitamins |
3 . Picture the scene: you’ve spent years working towards a very specific goal. You’ve put in countless hours of work and made many efforts along the way, but now that you’ve got there it doesn’t feel quite like you imagined. Instead of celebration, you feel emptiness, confusion and doubt.
Welcome to the anti-climax. The often-experienced but seldom-discussed downside of achieving life’s biggest milestones. Many of us work tirelessly towards our goals. We may spend our lives dreaming of the day we get married, publish our first hook or buy our first home. However, oftentimes, when we achieve these things it doesn’t feel quite as expected. In fact, the achievement of these goals feels a bit of a letdown.
So why do we often experience an anti-climax with big goals, even though we’re happy to achieve them? “An anti-climax can be an unexpected by-product of a milestone achievement. Usually, the more significant the milestone, the greater the anti-climax may be. The intensity（强度）of an anti-climax often relies on what we expect of this achievement.” says Rachel Vora. a psychotherapist（心理治疗师）.“The journey to achieving a milestone can he exciting and tiring in addition to giving us a sense of purpose and focus. Therefore, when this disappears overnight. we can often feel lost and confused, in spite of feeling proud of our achievement.
When this happens it can contribute to a mixture of emotions. We often falsely believe that we’ll feel completely different afterwards or that our feelings of low self-worth will disappear, but this is rarely the case. “Clients（客户）often present to me with an extremely great sense of ‘is this it?’ and ‘what now?’.” says Vora. “These feelings of confusion and disappointment, if let ignored, have the potential to cause clients to be in low spirits, or even worse.”
1. Why does the author mention the examples in paragraph 2?| A．To present a fact. | B．To prove a rule. |
| C．To explain a term. | D．To make a prediction. |
| A．Low self-worth. | B．High expectations. |
| C．Sense of purpose. | D．Unexpected achievements. |
| A．Amy felt empty before giving a speech. |
| B．Jack felt lost after his first novel came out. |
| C．Mary felt proud when she joined a ballet club. |
| D．Tom felt doubtful about taking further education. |
| A．How to hold back feelings. |
| B．How to improve self-worth. |
| C．Hon to identify the anti-climax. |
| D．How to deal with the anti-climax. |
4 . After a two-hour flight from Shanghai and an hour’s drive, I reached my destination: Jielingkou Village in Qinhuangdao City of Hebei Province, China. The tiny and
In 2018, an anti-poverty project began in the village, with the
But gaining the locals’
Ge said he hopes that as conditions are
| A．rich | B．great | C．old | D．nearby |
| A．reach | B．significance | C．view | D．control |
| A．cost | B．knowledge | C．favor | D．goal |
| A．increasing | B．ignoring | C．considering | D．deciding |
| A．benefits | B．measures | C．disadvantages | D．conditions |
| A．in charge of | B．in response to | C．in sight of | D．in search of |
| A．independence | B．weight | C．trust | D．experience |
| A．worried | B．curious | C．angry | D．enthusiastic |
| A．carry | B．sell | C．boil | D．produce |
| A．mistakes | B．apologies | C．improvements | D．documents |
| A．hurt | B．helped | C．failed | D．escaped |
| A．workers | B．fighters | C．managers | D．supporters |
| A．occasionally | B．gradually | C．hardly | D．regularly |
| A．clean | B．decorate | C．destroy | D．run |
| A．attracted | B．monitored | C．postponed | D．welcomed |
5 . You can tell a lot about people’s general state of mind based on their social media feeds. Are they always tweeting（发微博）about their biggest annoyances or posting pictures of particularly cute kitties? In a similar fashion, researchers are turning to Twitter for clues about the overall happiness of entire geographic communities.
What they’re finding is that regional variation in the use of common phrases produces predictions that don’t always reflect the local state of well being. But removing from their analyses just three specific terms -- good, love and LOL - greatly improves the accuracy of the methods.
“We’re living in a crazy COVID-19 era. And now more than ever, we’re using social media to adapt to a new normal and reach out to the friends and family that we can’t meet face-to-face.” Kokil Jaidka studies computational linguistics at the National University of Singapore. “But our words aren’t useful just to understand what we, as individuals, think and feel. They’re also useful clues about the community we live in.”
One of the simpler methods that many scientists use to analyze the data involves correlating words with positive or negative emotions. But when those records are compared with phone surveys that assess regional well-being, Jaidka says, they don’t paint an accurate picture of the local zeitgeist（时代精神）.
Being able to get an accurate read on the mood of the population is no laughing matter. “That’s particularly important now, in the time of COVID, where we’re expecting a mental health crisis and we’re already seeing in survey data the largest decrease in subjective well-being in 10 years at least, if not ever.”
To find out why , Jaidka and her team analyzed billions of tweets from around the United States. And they found that among the most frequently used terms on Twitter are LOL, love and good. And they actually throw the analysis off. Why the disconnect?
“Internet language is really a different beast than regular spoken language. We’ve adapted words from the English vocabulary to mean different things in different situations.” says Jaidka. “Take, for example, LOL. I’ve tweeted the word LOL to express irony, annoyance and sometimes just pure surprise. When the methods for measuring LOL as a marker of happiness were created in the 1990s, it still meant laughing out loud.”
“There are plenty of terms that are less misleading,” says Jaidka. “Our models tell us that words like excited, fun, great, opportunity, interesting, fantastic and those are better words for measuring subjective well-being.”
1. The researchers turn to social media feeds to ________.| A．help with the analysis of people’s subjective well-being |
| B．integrate into a mainstreamed lifestyle more quickly |
| C．prove the disconnect between language and emotions |
| D．collect specific terms associated with specific zeitgeist. |
| A．It didn’t reflect the mood of the entire geographic community |
| B．It didn’t match the assessment result of the phone surveys. |
| C．It didn’t consider the features of Internet language. |
| D．It didn’t take the regional variations into account. |
| A．Face-to-face communication is never replaced to ensure happiness. |
| B．Internet use is to blame for the decrease in subjective well-being. |
| C．Internet language should be originally used as a source of scientific analysis. |
| D．Less misleading words should be used in assessing subjective well-being. |
| A．Internet Shock Need A Break | B．Underlying LOL Never Fade Away |
| C．Virtual Mirror Of Era Being | D．Gulf Between Old And New |
6 . Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to strengthen themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids (类固醇) to growth hormones with which to
The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have
The test employed for testosterone (睾酮素) abuse usually relies on measuring the
The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test.
Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial
In the meantime, Dr. Schulz’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of
| A．disrupt | B．enliven | C．stretch | D．track |
| A．broken down | B．torn apart | C．disapproved of | D．stocked up |
| A．fallen | B．needed | C．recorded | D．secured |
| A．scarce | B．reliable | C．convenient | D．universal |
| A．verify | B．guard | C．evade | D．beat |
| A．ratio | B．make-up | C．bulk | D．trace |
| A．innocent | B．stubborn | C．outweighed | D．suspicious |
| A．hypothesized | B．imposed | C．confirmed | D．explained |
| A．signified | B．detected | C．mined | D．released |
| A．In turn | B．Or rather | C．On the contrary | D．By contrast |
| A．mass-testing | B．false-positive | C．anti-doping | D．drug-taking |
| A．gender | B．behavioral | C．ethnic | D．indigenous |
| A．low | B．stable | C．high | D．identical |
| A．educating | B．concealing | C．defending | D．examining |
| A．birth certificate | B．genetic profile | C．reference letter | D．medical report |
7 . I remember when Kamala Harris became Joe Biden’s running mate, it seemed funny how many people pronounced her name incorrectly. On one occasion, a news host became upset when being corrected, and purposely called her Kumbaya.
I am no stranger to this issue as many of my students are from Asian and Middle Eastern countries, and sometimes their names are difficult for me to pronounce, even after asking them how to say it. Many students seem unwilling to correct me when I attempt to learn their names correctly. The other thing I’ve seen in growing numbers is students “adopting” an English name. It’s much more common than many think, for people to change their names in order to fit in.
This is especially the case when it comes to seeking jobs. Racial and cultural minorities often attempt to avoid discrimination hiring by hiding racial cues on the resume including changing their name. This is referred to as “resume whitening”. Research shows almost 50 percent of black and Asian job applicants did so.
Xian Zhao from the University of Toronto researches ethnic name pronunciation, saying that many people don’t understand that habitually pronouncing an unfamiliar name inaccurately is a form of indirect discrimination. It sends a message that “you are the minorities” says Zhao. “You are not important in this environment, so why should I take time and my effort to learn it?” On the other end, those with ethnic names frequently don’t correct people, even when their names are pronounced wrong repeatedly, feeling it is better just to keep the peace and not stand out for their names are difficult.
It is important to try to pronounce everyone’s name as they pronounce it. This communicates respect of them as a person and their culture. There is nothing wrong with asking someone to repeat their name so that you can learn to pronounce it properly. This is usually appreciated.
1. How do the author’s Asian students respond when their names are incorrectly pronounced?| A．They attempt to laugh at it. | B．They tend to accept it. |
| C．They offer to correct the author. | D．They agree to change their names. |
| A．A change in work environment. |
| B．A ban on racial discrimination in workplace. |
| C．A practice of using Western names in job seeking. |
| D．A boast about one’s educational background in the resume. |
| A．Ethnics accept their names being mispronounced to save trouble. |
| B．Ethnics fight effectively with the discrimination against their names. |
| C．Many westerners pronounce ethnic names incorrectly on purpose. |
| D．Many westerners make efforts to pronounce ethnic names correctly. |
| A．Critical. | B．Uncaring. | C．Supportive. | D．Ambiguous. |
8 . It was a normal morning in March. Sondra Artis had just
As heading towards the school, Sondra noticed a burning smell. She
Sondra pulled into a parking lot and turned to face the 20 students on
“I told the kids that, ‘You know, we
The students hurried to the
Seconds after they all
The bus can be
“Sondra is a very good bus driver，”said a student. “She
| A．sent away | B．turned down | C．seen off | D．picked up |
| A．repaired | B．wiped | C．tapped | D．opened |
| A．steam | B．smoke | C．fog | D．dust |
| A．wrong | B．lucky | C．necessary | D．urgent |
| A．anger | B．curiosity | C．embarrassment | D．worry |
| A．duty | B．guard | C．board | D．vacation |
| A．advantages | B．drills | C．signals | D．secrets |
| A．met | B．separated | C．promised | D．practiced |
| A．early | B．amazing | C．real | D．new |
| A．exits | B．teacher | C．windows | D．lifesaver |
| A．excited | B．tired | C．scared | D．optimistic |
| A．hurriedly | B．safely | C．firstly | D．actively |
| A．hid | B．landed | C．sat | D．escaped |
| A．scene | B．school | C．park | D．destination |
| A．searching | B．studying | C．thanking | D．counting |
| A．replaced | B．exchanged | C．burnt | D．controlled |
| A．eager | B．famous | C．grateful | D．qualified |
| A．student | B．leader | C．driver | D．hero |
| A．rewarded | B．excused | C．apologized | D．forgiven |
| A．offers | B．deserves | C．demands | D．establishes |
9 . The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was invented by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. It is a self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The MBTI personality inventory (量表) sorts people into 16 type categories, each of which is represented by four-letter codes such as INFP and ESTJ. Every year, about 1.5 million people have enjoyed discovering their personality type by completing the MBTI. Many companies, as well as hundreds of universities, use it in hiring and training.
Nevertheless, the MBTI has received a noticeable criticism from the academic community. Some research suggests the MBTI is unreliable because the same person can get different results when retaking the test. Other studies have questioned the validity of the MBTI, which is the ability of the test to accurately link the “types” to outcomes in the real world -for example, how well people classified as a certain type will perform in a given job.
Merve Emre, a professor a Oxford University, points out that it would be more scientifically advisable to score the MBTI scales continuously to show people the degree to which they resemble the types. Even when the MBTI’s results don’t quite match your intuition (直觉) about yourself or are just wrong, they can still provide self-insight and insight into differences and similarities between people.
Scoring and interpreting the MBTI the way other personality inventories are scored and interpreted might be less fun than finding. All of the folklore (民间看法) about INFPs, ESTJs, etc. would have to be dismissed. But, in the end the MBTI is sufficiently reliable and valid enough to be useful in a number of real-world contexts.
1. What do we know about the MBTI from the first paragraph?| A．It is a personality-testing tool. | B．It is divided into 16 categories. |
| C．It is a study of personal preference. | D．It is a questionnaire on four-letter codes. |
| A．It performs badly in job interviews | B．Its reliability has been questioned. |
| C．It requires people to retake the test | D．Its advantages are not fully shown. |
| A．It is beyond criticism. | B．It is a more scientific test. |
| C．It is less fun than other tests. | D．It is useful for self-exploration. |
| A．How Can We Use the MBTI? | B．Why do We Criticise the MBTI? |
| C．Is the MBTI Totally Meaningless? | D．Is Scoring the MBTI Really Necessary? |
10 . The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research. The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.
However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior or the use of animal models because in these areas, the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing scientific advances, more non-scientists will need to be able to analyze complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.
Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient communication of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while sticking to scientific accuracy. Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material. As a result, the basic information conveyed is difficult to understand or obviously wrong.
Even though scientists play a part in conveying information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. I believe that, at least in part, the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media. It exists because we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.
1. What does the example of climate change mainly serve to show?| A．Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research. |
| B．Government regulation helps the public understand science. |
| C．The public’s scientific knowledge can influence policy making. |
| D．There is widespread public mistrust and misunderstanding of scientific work. |
| A．It helps scientists to build a better public image. |
| B．It helps them to effectively popularize scientific information. |
| C．It enables scientists to better apply their findings to public health. |
| D．It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science. |
| A．They give inaccurate or complicated information. |
| B．They oversimplify people’s health problems. |
| C．They fail to mention the scientific advances. |
| D．They lack detailed information about scientific research. |
| A．Interact more with the media. |
| B．Give training to science journalists. |
| C．Improve their communication skills. |
| D．Arouse the public’s interest in science. |
