2 . Clinical intuition is finally getting the respect it may have long deserved. New research is supporting a process that combines rapid judgments and perceptions that occur outside of conscious awareness — a way of knowing something without knowing how you know it. The value of clinical intuition in medicine is now being studied and becoming particularly relevant as interest grows in developing AI systems that can analyze medical data to diagnose or treat patients.

A study in 2023 found that clinical intuition from physiotherapists on the prognosis for functional recovery among patients was closely associated with the recovery afterwards. Another study concluded that in comparison to relying only on clinical data, “preoperative surgeon intuition alone is an independent predictor of patient outcomes.”

“This is a cognitive process. Clinical intuition is about expertise, knowledge, and pattern recognition that accumulate through experience. The mind is putting together all kinds of information and sequencing it in ways that say this person is really sick — or not,” says Meredith Vanstone, an associate professor in McMaster University. Given the depth of this cognitive process, some experts are skeptical that AI technology can make medical decisions as well as a human physician.

“As physicians go through years of interactions with patients and seeing thousands of cases, those gut feelings become a sort of summary statement of all the experiences they’ve seen,” says Mohammad Ghassemi, a researcher at Michigan State University. “Clinicians can observe different things that are not always captured or made available by machines.”

Researchers found that physicians and nurses practicing in a medical specialty involving a high likelihood of an emergency or dimensions of complexity are more likely to use intuitive decision-making in their practice. “As surgeons, the first thing we need to do is look at the patient because the structured data may not be consistent with what we see with the patient,” says Gabriel Brat from Harvard Medical School.

Research has found that clinical intuition from nurses and physicians about the chances that older patients visiting emergency departments would die or have other adverse outcomes within 30 days was highly accurate.

None of known experiences suggest that clinical intuition should be blindly acted upon. Making clinical decisions solely on the basis of a physician’s intuition isn’t the way to go, experts say. But relying solely on medical algorithms (mathematical models) that generate predictions about how a patient is likely to respond to different treatments isn’t the best course of action either.

To optimize patient care, some experts believe a hybrid approach that integrates clinical intuition, predictive algorithms, patient preferences, and other key factors is essential.

1. According to the passage, clinical intuition is influenced by ________.

A．rapid judgement

B．medical algorithms

C．conscious awareness

D．professional knowledge

2. Which of the following would Mohammad Ghassemi agree?

A．Clinicians have a sharp eye for a patient’s condition.

B．Machines always generate more accurate predictions.

C．Doctors should summarize the experiences they’ve seen.

D．Physicians’ interactions with patients have been devalued.

3. Why does the author mention the research finding in Paragraph 6?

A．To introduce the wide use of clinical intuition.

B．To explain the logic chain of clinical intuition.

C．To prove the accuracy of clinical intuition.

D．To present feedbacks on clinical intuition.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

To write his own medical text, Li Shizhen referenced over 800 medical texts, countless books on history and geography, and works of literature. He even studied the complete works of many ancient poets, from     1     he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. However, the greatest issue he encountered was the widespread     2    (inconsistent) in the use of drug names. Realising the importance of field research outweighed     3    of extensive reading, in 1565 Li travelled far and wide into the mountains and wilderness. He covered what are today’s provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and many other places.

After over a decade of field research, Li     4    (successful) completed the first draft of his masterpiece, Bencao Gangmu, or the Compendium of Materia Medica in 1578. He revised     5     work at least three times right up until his death in 1593.

Since its first publication in 1596, the book     6    (receive) world-wide recognition. British naturalist Charles Darwin acknowledged the book     7     an “ancient Chinese encyclopedia.” In 2011, the book    8    (list) on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. In 2017, an international conference was held in Beijing     9    (celebrate) Li’s 500th birthday.

Today, there are a     10    (grow) number of international exchanges centering on Li Shizhen and his book, and many people around the world can still find the wisdom of human development in this ancient classic.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How many beds are there in the room?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

2. Why are only a few things allowed in the room?

A．The hospital provides everything.

B．The man will leave soon.

C．There is not enough space.

3. When can visitors see the patients?

A．At 8:30 a.m.

B．At 10:00 a.m.

C．At 1:00 p.m.

4. What can the man do?

A．Drink alcohol in special places.

B．Smoke between 2:00 pm and 5:00 pm.

C．Press the button for help.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How did Katrina have an accident?

A．She sped through a light.

B．She drank a lot and hit a car.

C．Her car was hit by a drunk driver.

2. Why does Katrina have to stay in the hospital for a few days?

A．She was seriously hurt.

B．She is asked to do so.

C．She needs an operation.

3. What will Katrina receive in the hospital?

A．A card.

B．Flowers.

C．A cake.

4. What is the probable relationship between the speaker and Katrina?

A．Policeman and driver.

B．Doctor and patient.

C．Workmates.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Incense (香) boasts a long history,    1    its roots in many cultures-ancient China, ancient Egypt, Babylon and beyond. People from all walks of life benefit from its countless qualities, whether they use it for pleasure    2    as medicine.

Since the Tang and Song dynasties, burning incense, hanging paintings, making tea, and enjoying music have been known as the “four arts for literati (文人)”.    3    (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable     4    (pursue) for scholars.

Moreover, medical incense is an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which considers preventative healthcare as     5    far superior form of treatment when illness strikes.

    6    (basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the environment, protecting people against infections. It is also believed     7    (possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in, they soon find    8    (they) way into the bloodstream. From there they go directly to the organs    9    treatment assistance is needed. The specific types of incense    10    (choose) based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being.