1 . “Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,” said David Belle, the founder of parkour.

Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.

Yes, that’s parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.

Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.

Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”

Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.

1. Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .

A．its founder, David Belle	B．the film, Casino Royale
C．its risks and tricks	D．the varieties of participants

2. The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”.

A．streets	B．objects
C．barriers	D．roofs

3. Which of the following is true of parkour?

A．It challenges human abilities.	B．It is a good but boring sport.
C．It needs special training.	D．It is a team sport.

4. Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?

A．Sports and extremes.	B．Excitement and popularity.
C．Dreams and success.	D．Determination and freedom.

5. What can be the best title for the passage?

A．Overcoming Obstacles	B．Philosophies behind Parkour
C．Joining Us in Parkour	D．Getting to Know Parkour

2 . Spring and summer are the best seasons of the year for lots of activities, especially jogging(慢跑). This kind of running is the choice of many people who live in the city, work in the office and want to keep healthy.     1    

1. Make good preparations before jogging.

    2    There, you’ll have an opportunity to find and buy all the necessary sportsware. Pay attention to the selection of jogging shoes, if you don’t want to suffer from the feeling of heaviness, pain and leg swelling after the run. With all these pieces of wisdom. your body will be truly grateful to you.

2. Do fitting warming-up activities

Every runner, especially the beginners should know that all physical activities without proper warming up can cause a terrible pain and result in harm to muscles. It will probably lead to a final discomfort in your body or even disease.     3    Actually, it usually just takes you 15 minutes to increase the range of motion of our joints and warm up every muscle of the body.

3.    4    When running, you usually feel physical and mental pleasure. Sometimes this pleasure can be replaced by negative feelings or even some kind of pain. No matter how healthy you’re, you should always pay attention to how your body reacts. If something is wrong during your jog or run, the body will certainly let you know by giving you some hints(暗示). Watchfulness can help you avoid all possible aftereffects of over exercise.

Every type of sport is special and useful in its own way. While jogging can sometimes bring pain and discomfort, it really offers you greater joy and satisfaction. So don’t step back.    5    I hope these tips will help you prepare yourself for jogging and avoid any serious issues.

A．Listen to your body signals.

B．Never give in to difficulties while jogging

C．However, jogging without preparation will bring great harm.

D．One of the best ways to prepare is to go to specialized (专门的) shops.

E．Just go in for jogging, but remember to follow the above rules

F．Therefore, you should make it a habit to warm up before jogging

G．Here are some basic rules to make jogging safe, useful and comfortable

3 . It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometres. While many runners' motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, they're also doing it for a good cause—to generate funds for charity. But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel —some by plane—to the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by spectators and runners. This is becoming a big issue for cities—how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable （可持续的） ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit .

It's something that this year's London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic so 700 runners could carry water bottles with them during their run. London Marathon event director Hugh Brasner told the BBC: “There are a lot of initiatives （倡议） we are using this year that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future.”

Meanwhile, some people still think running a marathon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet. Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: “Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day and shunning public transport altogether. Being environmentally friendly while training sticks with you and becomes a way of life. ”

1. Why do many people enter for a marathon?

A．To achieve their own ambitions.

B．To generate a massive carbon footprint.

C．To improve themselves both physically and mentally.

D．To challenge their personal limitations and raise money for charities.

2. What did Hugh Brasner think of this year's London Marathon?

A．It may bring a large profit to London.

B．It saved a lot of water resources and power.

C．It may improve people's behaviour in the future.

D．It may make Londoners more friendly when running a marathon.

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “shunning” in the last paragraph?

A．Damaging.	B．Avoiding.
C．Choosing.	D．Changing.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Running a marathon can make more money.

B．Running a marathon can do great damage to the earth.

C．Running a marathon can change people's life completely.

D．Running a marathon can contribute to protecting the earth.

4 . Try This at Home!

Are you looking for a new pastime that will create a balance between physical activity and relaxation? Then yoga may be the perfect choice for you. Yoga can be practiced by people of all ages and levels of fitness.    1     It's a great way to strengthen your muscles and become more flexible.

In the 1930s, Indian Sri Tirumali and K. Pattabhi developed one of the most popular forms of yoga practised worldwide today. They worked together using an ancient Sansknt text called Yoga Korunta to create a set routine of yoga movements and breathing exercises.     2    

Ashtanga is different from other forms of yoga. It is a very powerful form of aerobic (有氧的)exercise which creates deep heat in the body.     3     In other forms of yoga, however, the routine can change each time and the stretching exercises aren't aerobic.

    4    As well as making you stronger and more flexible, it can also help you to stay calm. By focusing on your breathing while doing physical exercise, you are able to get a balance between mind and body. In addition, yoga helps to make us healthier so we are less likely to get common illnesses like colds.

Furthermore, yoga encourages you to think about what you're doing. Often you will close your eyes while doing certain movements.    5    After a few lessons you'll stop looking at what the others around you are doing. You will stop comparing yourself and start focusing on yourself.

A．It can also be done anywhere at any time.

B．The result of their co-operation was ashtanga yoga.

C．Whatever kind of yoga you choose, there are many long-term benefits.

D．This allows you to concentrate better and it makes you less competitive.

E．Every time someone practices ashtanga, he or she does exactly the same movements.

F．If you're interested in yoga, but can find a class near you, then it might be     an excuse to travel.

G．Recently, it has become extremely common for beginners as well as advanced yoga students to go on yoga holidays.

5 . Winter-swimming has become popular in Beijing. Three years ago, few people would go swimming in the city waters. But now there is a Winter-swimming Enthusiasts’ Club(冬泳爱好者协会) and it has more than 2, 000 members. The oldest is 84 years of age and the youngest is only 7. The members are from all ways of life. They may be workers, peasants, soldiers, teachers, students....

Though it is now the coldest part of the season and the water temperature in the city’s lakes is around 0°C, many winter-swimmers still swim in the icy waters, even when it is snowing. They enjoy themselves in the lake, while the people by the side of the lake are wearing heavy clothes.

Why are so many people interested in winter-swimming? Because winter-swimming can be good for one’s health.

Bei Sha is a good example. He is 69 years old, and he once suffered from heart trouble for 26 years. After ten years of winter-swimming he is now in good health. Scientists are now studying the effects of winter-swimming on health.

1. Among the winter-swimmers the oldest man is ________ years older than the youngest one.

A．91	B．84
C．77	D．7

2. Guess what “The members are from all ways of life” means.

A．The members do different jobs at different places.

B．They come from all parts of Beijing.

C．They are persons of different ages.

D．They are men and women, old and young.

3. Winter-swimming has become popular in Beijing because ________.

A．more and more people like to swim in winter

B．it is more interesting than swimming in summer

C．winter-swimmers are brave men

D．winter-swimming does a lot of good to one’s health

4. The best title for this passage should be ________.

A．People in Beijing Like Swimming in Winter

B．Winter-swimming — A Craze(狂热) in Beijing

C．People Benefit from Winter-swimming

D．Winter-swimmers Are Brave Men

6 . Older women who walk a little over three kilometers each day might live longer than less active women of the same age, a new study suggests.

Many Americans hoping to stay healthy set a daily goal of 10, 000 steps, or about eight kilometers. They often have this goal because they are wearing electronic devices which set that target, note researchers in the United States. Their findings appeared recently in the publication JAMA Internal Medicine.

But it is not clear how much intensity(强度)or speed matter when counting the health benefits of every step, the researchers write. They add that 10,000 steps per day might not be the right goal for everyone.

For the study, researchers observed 17,000 women, all in their early 70s. They asked the women to wear accelerometers for at least four days. Accelerometers are small devices that measure the number of steps and the intensity of movement. The researchers followed up with the women much later, around 4. 3 years later, on average. Since the beginning of the study, 504 women had died. Compared to women who took no more than 2, 718 steps daily, the women who took at least 4,363 steps per day were 41 percent less likely to die.

“Even a modest amount of steps is associated with lower death rates, "said I-Min Lee, the lead writer of a report on the study. "The rate of stepping did not matter in these older women: it was the number of steps that mattered.

The study had a few limitations. For example, the researchers only measured women’s movements once, at the start of the study period. It is possible that the women’s behaviors changed over time. Still, the results are "good news for older adults who may have difficulty walking at faster paces, "said Keith Diaz, a researcher at Columbia University. He was not involved in the study.

“Any walking is better than nothing, " Diaz said by email. "With even small amounts of walking, your risk of death will be sharply reduced "For those who have difficulty walking, other research shows that any form of aerobic activity provides health benefits," he added. "Swimming, bicycling or any form of activity that is continuous in nature will provide health benefits.

1. What conclusion can we come to from the text?

A．People who walk about 10,000 steps can live longer.

B．10,000 steps per day might be the right goal for people.

C．The more steps one walks per day, the longer life he may live.

D．The number of steps is important for a long life among older women.

2. How is paragraph 4 mainly developed?

A．By giving examples.	B．By comparison.
C．By listing statistics.	D．By explaining reasons.

3. What can be leaned from what Diaz said?

A．People who walk fast will get more health benefits.

B．If people have a habit of walking, the risk of death will be reduced.

C．People with walking difficulty can not benefit from activities

D．Activities such as swimming and bicycling are not as beneficial as walking.

4. Where is the text most likely from?

A．A medical journal.	B．A news report.
C．A magazine about fashion.	D．A traveler brochure.

7 . Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. Given that it's so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establish a healthy routine.

    1    . If you are just starting out, avoid the following things to help you increase your chances of running success.

Doing too much too soon

One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is doing too much too soon. Picking up a new hobby like running is no doubt exciting. Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance.    2    .

    3    

Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth.    4    ， especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven't yet been conditioned for such intense (剧烈的) exercise. So it's important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow a training plan that includes rest days.

Comparing yourself to others

    5    , You're excited about running, so you are probably reading running blogs, magazines and message boards where you might start to feel inadequate about your own running pace. Instead of getting down on yourself， remember that every runner was once a beginner and use their success as motivation!

A．Not running every day

B．Not taking rest days

C．Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your body

D．As mentioned, a healthy routine is what they attach importance to

E．When starting out with running, it's tough not to compare yourself to others

F．Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injury

G．It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new running routine

8 . There are lots of skiing lovers around the world. To get the most out of your time on the mountain you should think through each part of your adventure- equipment, clothing, food, and travel.     1    , the more time you can spend on the slopes.

Equipment

Your skiing equipment — composed of your skis, poles, bindings, helmet, and goggles — should be checked over, and possibly tuned up, before you pack your bags for the mountain.     2    . Inspect your boots to make sure they fit properly. Check your goggles and put them on with your helmet to see that they fit comfortably and offer a wide field of view.

Clothing

Your jacket and snow pants should be properly fitting and recently cleaned. Make sure your gloves are in good shape and offer a sense of comfort.     3    . Don’t forget extra items like warm socks, neck warmers and ski masks as well.

Food

Anyone who has ever purchased lunch at the ski lodge knows just how expensive it can be. Packing your own lunch saves you money and gets you back on the slopes faster.     4    , bring plenty of fluids to drink on breaks between runs.

    5    .

Know your way to the mountain before you hit the road and consider writing down directions if you know you’re heading into areas with spotty service. At the mountain, choose a designated meeting place in case the group becomes separated- a spot near the main lift often works well. Check the forecast and current conditions of the mountain. Many ski resorts will have live updates on the number of open trails and lifts.

A．Routes and planning

B．Spots and conditions

C．If you are fully prepared

D．The more prepared you are

E．While bringing a bottle of water with you on the mountain isn’t recommended

F．Besides, long underwear goes a long way in keeping your legs warm and comfortable

G．If you are taking your skis onto the slope for the very first time, they may also need a fresh wax

9 . With busy schedules and limited hours of daylight, some runners find their only me to run is in the darkness of early morning or evening.    1    . But if you have to run at night or in the early morning, make sure to follow these guidelines.                   

• Choose a Well-lit Route

It might not be your favourite route to run, but the most well-lit route is your first choice.     2     and you'll always be able to see the road and avoid potential hazards.

• Always Run Against Traffic

It's easier to avoid cars if you can see them coming. Avoid busy roads and those with no shoulders or sidewalks.

• Run With a Friend

    3    . If possible, try to never run alone. If you're running alone, let someone know the route you're running and approximately how long you will be out.

• Watch Out for Bikes and Runners

Even if you're running on a path or in a park with no cars, always be aware of other runners and cyclists.     4     This advice applies to running in both daylight and darkness.

• Put Away Your Music

Make sure you leave your radio, MP3 player, or iPad at home.     5    . You can't hear oncoming cars, cyclists yelling to move, dogs, or any other potential threat.

A．Oncoming cars see you better

B．There's strength and safety in numbers

C．Running in daylight is always a safer choice

D．A headlamp is also an essential item for runners

E．Before you stop or turn around, make sure your path is clear

F．Cutting off your sense of hearing leaves you at a disadvantage

G．Put your driver's license in your pocket or wear an ID tag on your shoe

10 . Running is the best way to get fit.

There’s no best method to get fit. You have to enjoy your exercise or you will find reasons to quit. Nobody can get fit or lose weight or build a muscle in an instant. Fitness requires time and patience, and you get rewards as you go along. If you are looking only at running or at instant success, you are looking for trouble!

If you don’t exercise an hour a day, six days a week, you do nothing.

Don’t believe in this all-or-nothing way. Even if you exercise as little as three times a week for half an hour you will benefit from it. However, if you want to get fit for sport, you may have to work out five to six days a week.

Warming up before working out isn’t necessary if you’re careful.

Warming up is a must before you exercise. Warming up and stretching not only help you avoid injuries but also prepare your heart and body to accept the shock of an increased workload.

No pain, no gain.

Pain means that the body is showing that there is something wrong. If you feel painful when exercising, either slow down or stop the exercise. To gain from exercise, you may have to make do with a bit of discomfort, but pain is different. If you continue exercising with pain you may damage a muscle or tendon forever.

Taping (用绷带包扎) an injury prevents further damage.

If you are injured and you tape it for support, chances are that you will aggravate the injury further. What’s more, you may injure other joints because of the limited flexibility (灵活性) that the taped knee or ankle allows.

1. The underlined sentence in the text may suggest _____________.

A．getting fit quickly may cause trouble for you

B．you will be in trouble if running

C．running can make you get fit immediately

D．you can’t expect to get fit at once

2. You should stop exercising after __________.

A．you feel painful somewhere in your body

B．you feel a bit uncomfortable physically

C．you feel warm when taking exercise

D．you exercise an hour a day

3. According to the text, to take exercise you should _________.

A．take sports five to six days a week

B．do the warm-up first

C．suffer a lot of pain

D．tape an injury to prevent further damage