1 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Li-ion batteries store a lot of energy in a small amount of space. When that energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, it generates heat,     1     can transform certain internal battery components into burnable gases. Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by a nationally     2     (recognize) testing laboratory and stop using the device if the battery shows signs of damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, popping sounds or change in color. Among all the places to charge these devices,     3     (safe) one is outdoors away from any structure and not in direct sunlight.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Emotional eating is eating as a way     1    (ease) negative emotions, such as stress, anger, fear, boredom, sadness and loneliness. Major life events or, more     2    (common), the troubles of daily life can arouse negative emotions that lead to emotional eating and disturb your weight-loss     3    (effort).

Although some people eat less in the face     4     strong emotions, if you’re in emotional distress you might turn to impulsive or binge (暴饮暴食) eating, quickly consuming whatever is convenient without     5    (enjoy).

In fact, your emotions can become so tied to your eating habits that you automatically reach for a treat whenever you’re angry or     6    (stress) without thinking about what you’re doing.

Food also     7    (serve) as a distraction. If you’re worried about an upcoming event or     8     conflict, for instance, you may focus on eating comfort food instead of dealing with the painful situation.

Whatever emotions drive you to eat more, the end result is often the same. The effect is temporary, the emotions return     9     you likely then bear the additional burden of guilt about     10     (set) back your weight-loss goal. This can also lead to an unhealthy cycle.

3 . Some of our planet’s power pollinators (传粉昆虫) may have originated tens of millions of years earlier than scientists once believed. In a study published July 27 in the journal Current Biology, a team of researchers traced bee family back over 120 million years to the ancient supercontinent Gondwana (冈瓦纳大陆). While looking deeper into bee history, the team found evidence that bees originated earlier, diversified faster, and spread wider than previously suspected, putting together pieces of a puzzle on the origin of these pollinators.

In the study, an international team of scientists would be in sequence and compared genes from over 200 bee species. They then compared these bees with the traits from 185 different bee fossils and extinct fossils to develop an evolutionary history and genealogical model for how bees have historically been spread around the world. The team was able to analyze hundreds of thousands of genes at a time to make sure that the relationships they inferred were correct.

“This is the first time we have broad genome-scale data for all seven bee families,” study co-author and Washington State University entomologist Elizabeth Murray confidently said in a statement. Earlier studies established that the first bees potentially evolved from wasps (黄蜂), transitioning from predators up to collectors of pollen and nectar (花蜜). According to this study, bees arose in the dry regions of western Gondwana during the early Cretaceous period, between 145 million years ago to 100.5 million years ago.

“There’s been a long-time puzzle about the origin of bees,” study co-author and Washington State University entomologist Silas Bossert said in a statement. “For the first time, we have statistical evidence that bees originated on Gondwana. We now know that bees are originally southern hemisphere insects.” The team found evidence that as new continents formed, the bees moved northward. They continued to diversify and spread in parallel partnership with flowering plants called angiosperms. The bees later moved into India and Australia and all major bee families appear to have split off from one another before the beginning of the Tertiary period (65million years ago).

1. What’s the purpose of bee history researchers do research on?

A．To discover the origin of these pollinators.

B．To find out some reasonable proofs.

C．To know much about our planet.

D．To study the life of bee species.

2. Which can replace the underlined phrase “in sequence” in Paragraph 2?

A．in danger.

B．in need.

C．in order

D．in favor.

3. What’s the viewpoint of Elizabeth Murray to the bee family?

A．Unbelievable.

B．Reliable.

C．Positive.

D．Negative.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A．The earliest home of bees may be in Gondwana.

B．The world’s earliest bees were found in India and Australia.

C．The researchers are going on doing research on bee families.

D．The researchers get a lot evidence to prove their research.

4 . Sometimes science advances at a snail’s pace, but in this case that’s a good thing: researchers have created a soft material that combines polymers with liquid metal, demonstrated in a snail-like robot. Developers say this electrically conductive gel(凝胶) could be used to make self-healing electronic circuits and biological monitors for measuring heart and muscle activity-and maybe even lead to robot nervous systems.

The complex substance can stretch and is soft like living tissue. If it breaks or tears, the edges can be touched together, and the material’s molecular bonds quickly re-form without any additional heat or chemical treatment. And crucially its developers say, it is the first such material that also conducts electricity.

These abilities could lead to wire-free medical monitors as well as fully soft robots. “For my research, one thing that’s really big is, ‘How do you put multiple functions into a single material?’” says Lillian Chin, who develops soft robotic components as part of her own research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Existing soft-bodied robots, she says, often require at least some rigid metals and silicon(硅)components. But soft, flexible living tissues can perform multiple tasks; muscles, Chin notes, both move our bodies and provide electrical feedback about that movement to our brains.

For a recent study in Nature Electronics, the researchers used their new material to connect motors to power sources in two basic machines: a snail-like soft robot and a toy car. The material’s self-healing ability helped these simple circuits(电路) be easily reequipped. For example, the team cut the car’s power-carrying gel “wires” and shifted their connections to power both movement and a small light fixed in the bottom.

1. What’s the function of the conductive gel?

A．To make a soft material.

B．To connect material and metal.

C．To restore robot nervous systems.

D．To produce electronic and biological monitors.

2. What’s the complex substance used for?

A．Being connected.	B．Providing heat.
C．Conducting electricity.	D．Handling chemical.

3. What does Lillian Chin emphasize in the third paragraph?

A．The good benefits of the single material in her study.

B．Multiple functions of the single material.

C．The movement from human bodies in her study.

D．The massive tasks done in her study.

4. What makes the new material able to help simple circuits?

A．Its soft ability.	B．Its helpful ability
C．Its wireless ability.	D．Its self-healing ability.

5 . For decades sleep scientists have thought over the link between dreaming and creative inspiration. They have long thought the insight came from the stage of rapid eye movement sleep, which is rich with dreams and begins around 90 minutes after one falling asleep. But new evidence puts the spotlight on a much earlier phase — the period that separates sleep and wakefulness. In a study by MIT, researchers show that people who take brief naps (小睡) that bring about the beginning of sleep score higher on several measures of creativity than those who undertake the tasks after staying awake.

The findings suggest researchers could even exercise some measure of control over the dreaming process by directing people's dreams toward a specific topic. The more frequently people dreamed about that, the more creative they were on tasks related to it. “We can come to the conclusion that dreaming about a topic enhances your subsequent creativity on it,” says Robert Stickgold, a member of the study team.

The experiment took advantage of a glovelike sleep detector, which charts sleep by monitoring one's muscle tone, skin conductance and heart rate through contacts on the wrist and hand. It communicates with an app that issues voice prompts (提示) for dreams and records dream reports.

More than one famous thinker has capitalized on the phase called non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 1,or N1, illustrating the point about generating creative insights. The painter Salvador Dalí would deliberately nap, holding a set of keys above a metal plate, when thinking over an idea for a painting. As he nodded off, he'd drop the keys, which would hit the plate and wake him up, and he'd hold onto the image from his dream. Thomas Alva Edison is said to have used a similar technique with metal balls to gain insights.

“It's exciting because,   in principle, people could use the technology themselves to develop creativity,” says Jonathan Schooler, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at the University of California. There seems to be no shortage of folks coming to try it. “So many different kinds of people have visited, knocking on the lab door and asking to have dreams,” co-lead investigator Haar Horowitz says.

1. Which phase boosts creative ideas according to the study?

A．The initial sleep stage.	B．The middle of the sleep cycle.
C．The wakefulness after sleep.	D．The rapid eye movement sleep stage.

2. What do the findings mentioned in paragraph 2 show?

A．Physical changes reflect the sleep phase.	B．Dream contents re late to real life.
C．Creativity levels vary with the nap length.	D．The theme of the dream can be guided.

3. What does the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Encourages.

B．Improves.

C．Tracks.

D．Influences.

4. Why are Salvador Dalí and Thomas Alva Edison mentioned?

A．To prove the effect of dreams.	B．To provide support for the findings.
C．To interpret the benefits of N1.	D．To give examples of fueling creativity.

6 . When we’re on the treadmill (跑步机), we’re more likely to bethinking about whether we’re going to make it another mile than’what’s in our workout clothing. But our favorite sports ch ab are likely to be made from synthetic (合成的) fabrics, all of which are essentially plastic often created with harmful chemical additives. Now, a study conducted by the University of Birmingham shows the chemical additives from our workout clothing are available to be absorbed through our skin.

Previously, researchers have tended to focus on our exposure to plastic through diet,but the new study raises awareness that humans can be expesed to plastic chemicals through our skin, too. And because harmful chemicals accumulate lowly and stick around in our bodies, repeared and multi-source exposure can result in having high concentrations of chemicals inside us, potentially contributing to health effects.

The Birmingham study focused on a class of compounds(化合物)called brominated flame retardants(BFRs), which are used to prevent burning in a wide range of consumer products including fabries, and are linked to adverse health effects such as hormonal disorders and mental problems.

It’s known that sweat contains oil. Researchers found the oil has a chemical nature that encourages the chemicals in plastic to dissolve and spread.“In short, oil substances in our sweat help the bad chemicals to come out of the microplastic fibers and become available for human absorption,”says Dr. Abdallah of the Urnversity of Birmingham. An easy way to avoid exposure ta these chemicals is to wear clothing made of sustainably produced textiles, which dont contain the bad chemicals associated with plastic materials. Check fabric labels for items that are mostly organic cotton, he mp or merino wool. Visit brand websites to see if they make an effort to list their suppliers, and where their products come from, including their dye houses and mills. Abdallah says he minimizes synthetic fabrics in his home, meanwhile wearing natural fibers like cotton. “Why be exposed to these chemicals even at low levels?”he says.“Why not avoid the risks?”

1. What is found in the study by the Birmingham University?

A．Sports clothes are fit for treadmill exercise.

B．Plastic produces harmful chemical additives.

C．Gym clothes may release poisonous chemicals.

D．People are exposed to chemicals through plastic.

2. What does the underlined word“adverse in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Unknown.

B．Harmful.

C．Similar.

D．Beneficial.

3. What role does the oil in sweat play in the absorption of chemicals?

A．It frees bad chemicals out of clothes.

B．It produces bad chemicals with plastic.

C．It prevents harmful chemicals spreading.

D．It keeps chemicals in the fibers of clothes.

4. What does the author suggest about our workout clothing?

A．Choosing famous brands.	B．ontacting the suppliers.
C．Visiting the chemical plants.	D．Wearing pure cotton clothes.

7 . Sunlight has a lot more to offer. than just brightening our day. Sunlight helps our body make a certain hormone (激素) in our brains. The hormone not only eases worry but also stabilizes moods.     1    

Our skin produces vitamin D when exposed (暴露) to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线).     2    

If you would like to drop a few kilograms, think about spending about a half hour in the sun early in the day.     3    

COVID-19 is sometimes deadly. But some studies suggest that the sun’s UV rays may offer some protection. Last April, a Scottish team published the results.     4    The theory suggests that nitric oxide (一氧化碳), which is released (释放) by the skin when exposed to sunlight, reduces the ability of the virus (病毒) to spread.     5     They agree that more research needs to be carried out.

Sunlight is good for us. So, enjoy some time in the sun.

A．Researchers are very encouraged by the findings.

B．Physical health isn’t t the only reason to get sunlight.

C．The research done in England showed the same results.

D．They found that the sun may be COVID-19’s new enemy.

E．To receive the sun’s benefits, catch some rays before 10 a.m.

F．Vitamin D is necessary for our hearts and bones to remain healthy.

G．Sunlight also increases our body’s production of feel-good materials.

8 . Human faces cut into stone up to 2,000 years ago have again been found on a rocky area along the Amazon River in northern Brazil. The stone carvings (雕刻品) appeared as a result of a big drop in water levels because of dry weather in parts of northern Brazil. The water level had dropped to the lowest level in the history of the river.

“People had reported some of the stone carvings before during periods when water levels were low. But now a greater number have been identified. That will help researchers establish the history of the carvings, and more secrets of historical relics will come to light,” researcher Jaime de Santana Oliveira said recently.

One area shows smooth marks in the rock thought to be where natives once sharpened their tools such   as arrows and spears before European settlers arrived.

“The carvings are prehistoric, or precolonial (殖民地时期前的). We can’t be sure of their precise date but based on the evidence of human living places of the area, we believe they are about 1, 000 to 2, 000 years old.” Oliveira said.

The rocky area is on the north shore of the Amazon River near the place where the Rio Negro River joins it.

Oliveira said the carvings were first seen in 2010, but this year’s drought has been more serious than earlier dry periods. The Rio Negro’s levels have dropped 15 meters since July, uncovering large areas of rocks and sand where there had been no beaches.

“This time we found not just more carvings, but the statue of a human face cut into the rock,” said Oliveira, who works for the Brazilian government’s National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute. The organization watches the care of historic places in Brazil.

1. What plays a key role in finding the stone carvings?

A．People’s report.	B．Natural disaster.
C．High technology.	D．Researchers’ effort.

2. What can researchers do with more identified stone carvings?

A．Explore the history of historical sites.	B．Move the valuable carvings to safety.
C．Discover more underwater stone carvings.	D．Make the carvings popular among visitors.

3. What does the underlined word “precise” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Fixed.

B．Exact.

C．Best.

D．Future.

4. What does Oliveira stress in the last paragraph?

A．The human face stone carvings.	B．The number of stone carvings.
C．The real value of stone carvings.	D．The place where stone carvings were found.

9 . In 1986, King Charles suggested talking to plants, a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect, react to, and potentially produce sound.

Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years, Heidi Appel, a botanist and Reginald Cocroft, an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects. The researchers recorded the vibrations (声音震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves. Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present. The results were striking. Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals, making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat. The research may have practical consequences, such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants, like pea plants, can “hear” water through sound, with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible. This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots. The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots. The solution, she says, might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.

Additionally, the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress, due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage, make high-frequency sounds, which can be detected even in noisy environments. This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture, potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.

Despite some questions remaining to be solved, these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants’ ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment. Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization, and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect. Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.

1. What was the original reaction to King Charles’s suggestion?

A．Ambiguous.	B．Favourable.
C．Indifferent.	D．Opposed.

2. What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to?

A．Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.

B．Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.

C．Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.

D．Developing new types of protective pesticides.

3. Why is employing silent pipes suggested?

A．To reduce noise pollution.

B．To protect sewer systems.

C．To improve water transportation.

D．To attract plant roots to accessible water.

4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
P: paragraph

A．	B．
C．	D．

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shortly after the silk and feather umbrellas became popular in China, their manufacturers managed     1     (discover) a new kind of material from wood paper, enabling the     2     (create) of highly stylized, decorative and lightweight umbrellas.

In addition to providing protection from sun and limited protection from rain, oil-paper umbrellas     3     (view) as symbols of wealth, and power in the past. During the height of umbrella popularity in China, you could easily recognize the owners by the designs and colors of their umbrellas—royal family members used yellow or red colors,     4     the wealthy carried blue. Even in today’s Chinese and Japanese society, umbrellas play     5     important role. They are one of the most essential items     6     (present) to newly -wed brides, symbolizing blessing, protection from evil spirits and wishes    7     more babies.

The beauty of the Chinese paper umbrellas had     8     an impact on worldwide trends that their     9     (elegant) crafted materials and their canopy designs showcasing dragons, flowers, and landscapes quickly traveled via trade routes to distant Europe. Paper umbrellas today represent one of the best -known Chinese traditional exports, with businessmen selling them to     10     (passer-by) on streets worldwide.