1 . Effective communication is the process of exchanging ideas, opinions, knowledge, and data so that the message is received and understood with clarity and purpose. Learning how to communicate well can be beneficial.
Consider your audience.
Practice active listening. Active listening means giving your full attention in a communication exchange.
Make your message as clear as possible. Once you have successfully identified your audience and listened to their purposes, needs, and desires, you may have something to communicate. To do this effectively, turn to the 3Cs of communication: Clear, Correct, Complete.
Use the right medium or platform. Effective communication requires you to consider whether you need to meet in person or online. Is your message casual enough to use WeChat, or would a formal email be more suitable?
By following these four principles, you are well on your way to exercising communication effectiveness.
A.Who are you communicating with? |
B.What’s your preference when you catch up with friends? |
C.Here are a few ways to achieve effective communication. |
D.Is it more effective to discuss the plan on the phone or face-to-face? |
E.Be sure to provide positive information based on your audience’s needs. |
F.It includes paying attention to body language, and giving positive feedback. |
G.Prepare to communicate in a way that achieves most of these characteristics. |
2 . When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them.
Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise (“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure (“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello group-think.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups — but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?A.How to assess humans potential. | B.Why brainstorming fails. |
C.How possible good ideas arise. | D.What’s a successful meeting like. |
A.By making participants speak loud. |
B.By giving participants support to maintain their egos. |
C.By giving participants equal chances to be fully involved. |
D.By making sure participants are all sit to the table. |
A.“Two heads are better than one” doesn’t always make sense. |
B.Collective ideas are bound to be more brilliant. |
C.The aim of brainstorming is to tap individuals’ potential. |
D.There should be a leader to make the final judgment to bring the best ideas. |
A.challenge a conclusion | B.make a comparison |
C.introduce a research | D.advocate a practice |
3 . Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking. but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond — the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree..” or “Don’t you think..” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task.
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
1. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?.A.Why the art of listening gets lost by itself. |
B.Why effective methods are used in listening. |
C.How people make themselves well understood. |
D.How people can reclaim the lost art of listening. |
A.Avoid being absent-minded. |
B.Come up with curious questions. |
C.Focus on the speaker’s personal information. |
D.Try to find common interests with the speaker. |
A.Listening and speaking deserve equal attention. |
B.Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves. |
C.Bad listening ultimately contributes to people’s failure. |
D.Listeners’ clear mind facilitates speakers’ expression of thoughts. |
4 . If social events fill you with fear, you’re not alone!
Start small with casual interactions.
Take baby steps in public that you can gradually build on. If you’re not very socially confident, you don’t want to start by attending a large formal event with a bunch of people you don’t know.
Put yourself in different social situations.
Embrace your authentic personality and let it shine. A big part of self-care is learning to accept yourself where you are right now, whatever you’re going through. Be present for yourself and figure out what your needs are, then do what you can to fulfill those needs yourself.
A.It works for casual events. |
B.Accept yourself for who you are. |
C.Remember it’s okay to draw back occasionally. |
D.Try different events that are a little outside your comfort zone. |
E.But most people are more focused on themselves than they are on you. |
F.But don’t try to make yourself into something or someone that you’re not. |
G.Instead, set a goal to have small, positive social interactions throughout your day. |
5 . If you need to interview someone for an article but you’ve never interviewed before, it can be challenging. Here are some tips for preparing for and holding a successful interview.
Start by asking your interviewee what he or she does that’s relevant to the topic at hand. You should make eye contact with him or her and pay close attention to what he or she is saying.
In order to get the information you need, you should control the interview, if the interviewee changes suddenly from one line of thought to another. Lead him or her back to the area you’re focusing on.
Try to go into deeper discussion. Experienced interviewers will ask their interviewees about their personal thoughts and reactions to the events and people they deal with.
A.Tell them what your article will be about. |
B.Politely ask if you can interview them. |
C.And try to use it to think of more questions. |
D.Do your homework before meeting the interviewee. |
E.Guide the interview but don’t cut in on them with question after question. |
F.Personal preferences usually draw interesting and meaningful response. |
G.This way you can focus on the interview rather than writing things down. |
6 . Teamwork Doubles the Strength
Admittedly, teamwork is literally important for any class or team to achieve its goals and objectives. Let me give three reasons why it is advantageous.
As individuals, we possess diverse talents, strengths, weaknesses and experiences. A team is just like a tapestry (织锦) that weaves what each of us possesses, resulting in an end product that is diverse yet homogenous (同种类的). As team members exchange thoughts and experiences, there can be more efficiency and effectiveness at problem-solving. This pooling of talents can also lead to greater innovation and success.
Next, teamwork means members share the workload. When work is distributed and each of us in a team specializes in specific tasks, the stress on each of us is reduced and the completion of tasks before deadline is ensured:
Some may think that working in isolation (单独) is more efficient since more time is taken when cooperating with others. For more talented individuals, working alone means being the star of a project.
A.Take Leicester City for example |
B.Thus we can expect greater job satisfaction |
C.Team members can also be divided in opinions |
D.They don’t need to share the success with others |
E.Let’s not wave away the chance to work in teams |
F.And finally working in a team multiplies learning opportunities |
G.We learn to respect differences in working styles and opinions, and develop trust |
A. sang high praises for B. pull our weight C. broke down D. was fond of E. can’t wait to F. let off steam G. cheered...up H. make a difference I. Even if J. came up with K. benefited from |
Once, our team faced a difficult task that seemed impossible to complete. Everyone was feeling down, but I knew we couldn’t give up.
I
After our success, our teachers and classmates
8 . In the past week almost 120 global leaders have resolved to triple (使增至三倍) the world’s renewable energy capacity before 2030 in an attempt to reduce the global consumption of fossil fuels. As the second half of the Cop28 UN climate conference in Dubai unfolds , more countries may join the calls for a global target of 11 TW (太瓦) of renewable power by the end of the decade, three times higher than the 3.629 TW in place at the end of 2022.
Renewable energy really could be tripled in this decade, but it won’t be a breeze, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) .
Based on the rate of growth for wind and solar power, the world is on track to meet this target. But the global energy watchdog (监察人) has warned that “stronger policy actions by governments” will be required to overcome challenges, such as rising costs, uncertain supply chains and grid (电力网) bottlenecks, which are considered essential to hit the goal of limiting global heating to within 1.5C of preindustrialised levels.
Renewable energy sources tripled, the global demand for coal power would be cut in half by 2030, according to estimates. “This is crucial for 1.5C,”said Dave Jones, the global insights lead for climate think-tank Ember. “The tripling goal would take renewables to the next level, with solar and wind reaching 40% of global electricity generation by 2030.”
The goal has won the support of 118 countries. In practice, not every country will triple its renewable capacity to meet the global target. Some countries starting from a lower level would need to more than triple their wind and solar power, while for others with a high share of renewables already, it would not be practical to triple their capacity again.
The prospect of having demand for coal is a goal worth struggling for, but governments must stay the course. Increasing capacity may have been simple in recent years with low interest rates and government support schemes, but the sector’s progress for the rest of the decade is less certain.
1. What does the underlined word “breeze” mean in paragraph 2?A.A demanding mission. | B.An effortless task. |
C.A dreamy vision. | D.A fruitless effort. |
A.The road to the top is full of twists and turns. | B.A good beginning is half done. |
C.No pains, no gains. | D.Rise from the fall, and you’ll rise high. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Neutral. | C.Cautious. | D.Optimistic. |
A.Drawbacks of power generation using coal. |
B.Ways to triple the output of sustainable energy. |
C.Specific difficulties in the future and solutions. |
D.Joint achievements made by nearly 200 countries. |
9 . Super communicators are people who are consistently able to create real connections with others just by listening and talking. The following are four habits of super communicators.
They know what kind of conversation they’re having. Super communicators are usually able to respond accordingly. If you’re having a practical conversation, your friend might ask you to help make hard decisions.
They prove they’re listening. There are plenty of ways to appear like you’re listening, like making eye contact or nodding. To do that, experts suggest a technique called “cycle for understanding”. Ask a question and listen to the response. Repeat what they just told you. Ask your conversation partner if you got what they said correct.
They ask a lot of the right questions. Research shows that highly effective communicators tend to ask 10 to 20 times as many questions as everyone else. They may simply be follow-up questions like “What happened next?”. Super communicators also ask questions that get people to open up.
A.They aim to understand. |
B.Experts call them “deep questions”. |
C.They are persuasive communicators. |
D.The decisions should be easy to carry out. |
E.This practice sounds simple but is powerful. |
F.Then you should be ready to give good advice. |
G.And that is actually the most magical thing that can happen. |
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