1 . HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol-abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this:
*Firstly, there is a “cue”, an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
*Secondly, there is a “routine” , the regular action you take in response to the cue.
*Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again(cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead(routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator(cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
1. 快速阅读文章, 确定文章体裁, 归纳主旨大意。The text is an
| A. How to change a bad habit and create good ones B. The cycle of how habits are formed C. Changing habits gradually D. No easy way to change bad habits E. What a habit is F. Why bad teenage habits should be changed |
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2. 精读文章, 完成下面短文。
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy
We can do this by
Habits for a healthy lifestyle | The time when bad habits form | During adolescence, it can be easy for some of them to form |
The | In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of If we want to change bad habits, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”. | |
To adapt to bad habits | ||
| Change bad habits | In fact, the most successful way to change is not You have to think about your bad habits and decide on 8. |
2 . Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget.
Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they can do with money.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future.
Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing.
That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.
| A．Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. |
| B．They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. |
| C．It is a good virtue for children to form a habit to learn how to save money. |
| D．The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. |
| E．Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. |
| F．Parents are supposed to tell their children how they should spend their pocket money wisely but the refused to do so. |
With the development of economy, people tend to pursue high quality living conditions. Most of the parents try their best to offer their children comfortable circumstances, but they seldom have time to stay with their children. In my opinion, no matter how busy they are, they should make the best use of their time to stay with their children.
Every time when parents take them to the amusement park, help them to prepare their birthday parties, applaud for them when they are competing in the sports meeting, the time they spend with children will become treasure in their memories.
Children need the direction from their parents. There is some wrong behavior in our society, such as dishonesty, violence and so on. Children have weak resistance in defending this negative influence. In this case, parents’ instructions seem to be very important to children’s growth. Parents should sit down and talk with them about what they should do and should not do.
I do not deny that there are some disadvantages in spending too much time with children. Some parents restrict their children, and give them little freedom to develop their interests. Therefore, I emphasize that parents should educate and instruct their children appropriately in their spare time apart from their busy work.
写作内容：你将参加一场主题辩论会，主题为“父母该为孩子的行为习惯负责吗?”参赛前，你要查阅相关资料，并准备你的主题发言，请仔细阅读下文，然后完成以下的任务：
以约30个词概括短文的要点；
然后以约120个词就“父母该为孩子的行为负责吗?”这个主题发表你的看法，并包含以下的内容要点：
你认为父母是否该对此负责，并阐明你的理由；
你对父母们的建议。
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1.诚信的重要性及不诚信对社会造成的危害；
2.如何践行诚信（如：个人在日常生活和学习中的做法等）；
3.号召大家践行诚信。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone! I’m honoured to have a chance to talk about integrity.
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That’s all. Thank you for your listening.
注意：每空格1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上!
Once kids hit the teenage years, parenting becomes more difficult than ever. Establishing(建立) effective house rules is one of the best ways to educate teenagers. House rules must respect teenagers’ desire to be independent and make sure they behave responsibly.
How can effective house rules be established?
First of all, get your teenager to take part in making the rules, which can help keep them motivated to follow them. Ask their opinion about what sorts of things they think are important when creating the rules and try to include some of their ideas.
When creating the list of rules, don’t list every single rule imaginable. Instead, try to limit it to the ten most important rules. I’ve seen some parents come up with several pages of rules which turn out to be more like a rule book rather than a list. Remember, it is important to make the list easy to remember and to be a basic guide.
Then, it is important that you write out the list of rules and hang them in a prominent (显眼的) location. Keeping the rules on the refrigerator or displayed somewhere where everyone can see them is a good reminder. Revise the rules whenever there’s a need, not very frequently though.
Explain clearly in advance what negative consequences(后果) will be in store when a rule gets broken. But ensure(保证) that none of your consequences are equal to abusive parenting. For example, take off the rule that says — “if you don’t get home by 11 at night, make arrangements to stay elsewhere until morning”. Let helping with small household chores like cleaning up their own rooms serve as consequences for disobeying rules.
Following these tips on establishing effective house rules accompanied by constant positive reinforcement (执行) will help improve your teenager’s behavior. Hope you can direct your teenager to become a responsible and independent person with the help of house rules!
| Title | Establishing house rules for | |
| Requirements for house rules | They must respect teenagers’ desire to be independent and | |
| Trying to make the rules together | 第一节Ask their opinions 第二节Include their ideas | |
Keeping the house rules simple | 第三节Avoid 第四节Limit the list to the most important rules. | |
| Writing out the list of rules and hanging them somewhere visible | 第一节 第二节Make the rules revised | |
| Giving a clear | 第二节Don’t abuse children if they | |
| Conclusion | Your teenager’s behavior will be | |
6 . When it comes to entrepreneurship (企业家), it seems like a lot of us are fond of the idea of NOT getting more education. Sure, we’ve all heard how Bill Gates and Steve Jobs dropped out of college to found Microsoft and Apple, respectively. A lot of would-be solopreneurs (独立创业者) think this means they should take the same course, putting education by the wayside to chase their business goals.
Now, I’m not saying that you need a college degree to be a successful entrepreneur. But all too often, people take these famous examples a step too far and decide they don’t need to further their education in any way.
The thing is, college isn’t the only place you can get an education. Bill Gates and Steve Jobs learned a lot outside their classroom settings to turn their companies into the global successes they are today. When it comes to entrepreneurship, the most successful people are generally the ones who develop a lifelong love of learning. It’s an feature worth imitating.
When we think of “exercise,” most of us think of sweaty people at the gym running on treadmills and lifting weights. We don’t think of hitting the books. But the brain is actually a muscle too. And just like you need those physical workouts so you don’t start getting saggy (松驰的) around the middle, you need to give your brain regular “workouts” that keep it active and healthy.
Contrary to popular belief, your brain doesn’t stop growing after adolescence. One recent study found that the brain continues to produce new neurons associated with learning, emotion and memory throughout adulthood. Of course, the outcomes of this ongoing development depend in part on your own efforts.
If you’re not feeling motivated to work out your brain, it might be helpful to consider the costs of not continuing to learn. Quite simply, the problems you have now-whether in business or other areas of your life—are going to continue to exist if you don’t find new ways to approach them. The things you learn will help you discover new solutions and think more creatively. When done right, training your brain can become a lifelong habit—just like going for a morning run or hitting the gym at the end of the work day.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．It is no use obtaining college degree. | B．It is not necessary to further our education. |
| C．It is more important to chase business goals. | D．It is vital to view these successful examples sensibly. |
| A．Getting rid of the books. | B．Diving into the books. |
| C．Purchasing the books. | D．Referring to the books. |
| A．The brain can be active by continuous learning. | B．The brain can produce new neurons all the life. |
| C．Working out the brain can solve all the problems. | D．Working out the brain will cost you a lot. |
| A．The brain is of significance to our health. | B．Keeping reading books is highly recommended. |
| C．Nonstop learning should be a lifelong habit. | D．It is important to develop a passion for learning. |
7 . To encourage all students to get an education, even if their parents can’t afford it, a primary school in the Indian state of Chahattisgarh is asking parents to simply plant saplings (树苗) instead of paying school fees. The parents have to take care of the sapling and plant a new one if it dies. Compared with the cost of traditional school fees, it’s a small price to pay. And it comes with the added bonus of helping improve local air quality.
The school is Shiksha Kuteer in the city of Ambikapur in the east of the country. It is reported that at least 35 students between the ages of five and six are studying there. The initiative was set up by a group of local professionals and business owners in response to India’s rapidly increasing education fees. “Shiksha Kuteer has opened in the village for students who have no money to pay fees,” local villager Sevak Das said.
The government now spends just 3.9 percent of its budget on education, which means parents are left to pay for high school fees, as well as paying for books and other school things. A national survey made last year showed that between 2011 and 2017, private expenditure (支出) increased by 175 percent to $100 per student each year. That might not sound like a lot, but for many families, particularly in poor areas, it’s not affordable, especially at the primary school level. The lack of government spending is damaging the education system, too. The 2017 Annual Status of Education report found that nearly 20 percent of Grade 2 students, aged seven to eight, didn’t recognize the numbers between one and nine.
But by offering such a way to get students into schools, Shiksha Kuteer is encouraging education in everyone. 700 saplings have been planted across the village over the last year and more and more people in other areas would like to adopt such an approach.
1. Which of the following can best describe Shiksha Kuteer’s approach?| A．No pains, no gains. |
| B．Kill two birds with one stone. |
| C．Two heads are better than one. |
| D．There are two sides to every question. |
| A．It is surrounded by trees. |
| B．It is run by the locals. |
| C．It was set up for poor children. |
| D．It aims to protect the environment. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Uncaring. | D．Positive. |
| A．The affordable way to encourage education in India. |
| B．The heavy financial burden on parents in India. |
| C．The big challenges of improving India’s education system. |
| D．The effects of the Indian government spending little on education. |
What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
| A．Moral principles. | B．Interpersonal skills. |
| C．Creative abilities. | D．Positive worldviews |
9 . Although we lack accurate statistics about child mortality in the pre-industrial period, we do have evidence that in the 1660s, the mortality rate for children who died within 14 days of birth was as much as 30 percent. Nearly all families
The 18th century witnessed the
The lives of children
| A．suffered | B．deserved | C．endured | D．defeated |
| A．judgement | B．reaction | C．commitment | D．expression |
| A．interpretation | B．transformation | C．journey | D．migration |
| A．previously | B．naturally | C．dramatically | D．accidentally |
| A．allowed | B．introduced | C．organised | D．forced |
| A．committed | B．addicted | C．subjected | D．entitled |
| A．anticipated | B．caused | C．indicated | D．underwent |
| A．Nevertheless | B．Moreover | C．Instead | D．Therefore |
| A．compared with | B．based on | C．coupled with | D．regardless of |
| A．agriculture | B．machines | C．weather | D．livestock |
| A．industrialism | B．trend | C．popularity | D．development |
| A．experienced | B．gifted | C．imaginative | D．influential |
| A．remarkable | B．authoritative | C．comprehensive | D．alarming |
| A．enriches | B．rebuilds | C．prolongs | D．determines |
| A．recognition | B．experience | C．admission | D．benefits |
10 . Schooling is not only about studying but also having fun. Education is best offered if learning is made fun. It is students being not overburdened with the school curriculum and being able to devote enough time to the overall personality development that matter. It is thus important for school officials to encourage the active participation of students in sports. These activities at school act as a major part of school schedule and also help create an environment that is beneficial to the general growth and development of young minds. There are various sports and leisure activities that can be planned for school students.
Sports are an essential part of a school curriculum. In spite of the grade a student is studying in, sports are a must. And it is needless to state the importance of sports in school. They help in building up the much-needed team spirit among students. They help in educating a sportsman spirit in children and serve as an effective method to bring children together from different cultural backgrounds.
Gymnastics, swimming competitions, tennis and badminton tournaments, cricket and soccer matches and inter-class sports events can be organized in schools. Sports enthusiasts can participate in these events, while those not participating can be a part of the cheering team. Kids are sure to enjoy activities like cycling, running races, skating and other fun games.
Wondering how schooling is associated with leisure activities? Well, you are mistaken if you believe that schooling is only about class assignments and homework. School education is much more than that. In fact, it is about helping the students learn the important lessons of life. It aims at their overall development which includes developing moral values and principles in them. Devoting their entire schedule to studies and examinations defeats the purpose of an effective school education. It is very important to include some leisure activities in the school’s weekly schedule.
Sports and leisure activities are about making fruitful use of time in a creative way. They are the best way to find hidden talent, cultivate bright minds and encourage innovation. School years are the funding years of one’s life. They need to be filled with fun and excitement so that children have an ideal beginning to the “long journey” ahead.
1. What should school authorities do according to the author?| A．Encourage students to do more studies instead of sports. |
| B．Ensure the students have enough time for personal development. |
| C．Learn about the great benefits of developing students’ personality. |
| D．Knowing which sports are beneficial to students’ personal development. |
| A．beneficial to children physically and mentally. |
| B．beneficial to children’s future competitiveness. |
| C．helpful for students to get on well with each other in sports. |
| D．capable of freeing students from tiring school examinations. |
| A．Leisure activities are necessary for schooling. |
| B．Examinations are meaningless to students’ studies. |
| C．Current schooling restricts students’ overall development. |
| D．Schooling merely emphasizes class assignment and homework. |
| A．By setting more examinations and tests |
| B．By providing more spare time for them. |
| C．By offering them more happiness at school. |
| D．By encouraging them to participate in sports. |
| A．school curriculum | B．children’s physical health. |
| C．sports and leisure activities | D．children’s personal spirit |
