1 . Districts across the US are trying to address the high number of students needing mental health support. What if they could enlist students as part of the solution, too? A rural Ohio high school has done just that.
At Claymont High School in Uhrichsville, Ohio, a group of about 21 high schoolers are trained in mental health first aid. They’ve taken courses to learn how to help their peers who are going through a difficult time.
The students, who are in grades 10 through 12, are part of a larger program called Peers Uplifting Peers, or PUP, which helps to break down the stigma (耻辱) around mental health and wellness and normalize having conversations about both and seeking professional help when necessary.
A key part of their training is to help their friends get in touch with professionals and established resources. “Students are helping out by picking up on early warning signs. They are noticing that maybe someone is having a hard day or is just sitting by themselves,” said Kelsi Barnhart, the school’s assistant principal. “They try to be good friends, and they speak up. It’s not that they are stepping in and providing counseling.”
Despite a national conversation around mental health, the context may be different in rural areas like Uhrichsville where people feel ashamed of discussing mental health. “It’s hard to talk about mental health out loud,” said Bridget Britton, a licensed social worker. Getting to a therapist can also be a challenge since most rural areas do not have the bus and rail systems found in urban communities. There are also financial barriers. “Many rural residents work on farms, which often don’t provide workers with health insurance,” she said.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?A.Students face mental health issues. |
B.Students actively seek mental health help. |
C.Students are unwilling to share mental health programs. |
D.Students are getting involved in the mental health program. |
A.Promoting academic excellence. |
B.Advocating for stricter school policies. |
C.Reducing the shame concerning mental well-being. |
D.Encouraging competitive behavior among students. |
A.Transportation systems are well-established in rural areas. |
B.Mental health issues are less taken seriously in rural areas. |
C.Licensed social workers are readily available in rural communities. |
D.Financial barriers and lack of insurance prevent access to therapists. |
A.PUP: Peers taking the lead in high school. |
B.PUP: Government breaking down the stigma. |
C.Mental Health: Professionals offering training. |
D.Mental Health: A pressing issue among students. |
2 . People who experienced trauma (精神创伤) as a child or adolescent were found to be 48 percent more likely to have serious and repeated headaches as an adult than those who had not experienced trauma in their early years, according to research published in the journal Neurology. The finding came from the analysis of data from 28 studies, involving 154,739 people.
Overall, nearly one-third of the participants reported having experienced a traumatic event at least once before age 18, and 16 percent had been diagnosed as an adult with a primary headache disorder, which means that their headaches are the main problem, rather than a symptom (症状) of an underlying disease or condition.
The researchers categorized traumatic events as either threat-based (such as physical or emotional abuse, witnessing or being threatened by violence, and serious family conflicts) or deprivation-based (including neglect, financial trouble, parents’ separation, divorce or death, and living in a household with mental illness, alcohol or substance abuse). Physical abuse and exposure to family violence were among the most commonly reported traumas.
Of those who had experienced at least one traumatic event as a youth, 26 percent subsequently were diagnosed with primary headaches, compared with 12 percent of those who had not experienced trauma.
As the number of traumatic events experienced by a child or adolescent increased, so did the odds of their having headaches later in life. For example, those who had experienced four or more traumatic events were more than twice as likely to have a head ache disorder. Also, certain traumas — physical abuse and neglect — were linked to greater risk for headaches than other types of trauma.
The study found an association between trauma as a youth and headache disorder as an adult, rather than direct proof that one led to the other. But the researchers wrote that traumas experienced as a child or adolescent “are important risk factors for primary headache disorders in adulthood,” which one of the researchers described in a statement released by the American Academy of Neurology as “a risk factor that we cannot ignore.”
1. What does the research focus on?A.The different types of trauma experienced by children. |
B.The reasons why headaches are so common among adults. |
C.The influence that childhood experiences have on later life. |
D.The link between childhood trauma and headaches as an adult. |
A.Witnessing violence. | B.Physical abuse. |
C.The loss of a parent. | D.Criticism from teachers. |
A.Complexity. | B.Frequency. | C.Seriousness. | D.Chance. |
A.It causes headaches. | B.It deserves attention. |
C.It can be prevented. | D.It can be life-threatening. |
3 . Do you love holidays, but hate the increase in weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are time for splendid meals and celebrating, especially with the traditional cultural foods.
With proper planning, though, it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays. The idea is to enjoy the holidays and think about moderation(节制). Whether it is celebrating at the office party or sitting down for the traditional family dinner, regard eating as a time for tasting a variety of foods. Here are some tips to carry you through the round of celebrations and your social calendar without feeling having done wrong.
Set some goals that you can reach. Unless you have special needs to go on a diet, there are no forbidden foods. Don’t turn down the foods you enjoy, but be sensible.
Before you leave home, have a small, low fat meal or a snack. This can help you to avoid eating or drinking much. Use a small size plate and avoid the large ones that may encourage you to “load up”. You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist. Once you have had your “tasting” serving, move away from the dining room. Doing so will make it easy to stop yourself eating constantly at the sight of food.
Eat slowly and fill up beforehand with clear soup and raw fruit or vegetables and fruit in a yogurt dressing rather than cream and cheese sauces. You can also drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints, hard candies, and fruit. These don’t have the fat content of creamy desserts and chocolate.
Avoid high fat foods as soon as possible. Dishes that look oil y or creamy may have a generous amount of fat. Choose lean meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20 minute walk after a meal can help burn off extra calories.
1. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may ______.A.bring weight problems | B.bring you much trouble in your life |
C.make you worried about your foods | D.make you hate delicious foods |
A.You must turn down the foods you enjoy, for it is reasonable. |
B.You can enjoy your favorite foods but don’t eat too much. |
C.You shouldn’t refuse anything you like and eat it as much as possible. |
D.You ought to accept what you enjoy and refuse what you don’t. |
A.drink clear soup and have vegetables only |
B.not eat too much food in high fat |
C.still stay in the dining room when you have had your “tasting” serving |
D.take a break at once after a meal |
A.students who want to improve their physical condition at school |
B.teachers who want to have a carefree vacation |
C.individuals who want to enjoy themselves during the vacation but not want to gain weight |
D.individuals who want to do exercise to keep fit in their spare time. |
How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life | |
身体(physical)健康 | 心理(mental)健康 |
(1)健康饮食 (2)适当锻炼 (3)充足睡眠 | (1)积极乐观 (2)与人为善 (3)……(至少一点) |
希望……(至少一点) |
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.At home. | B.At the doctor’s. | C.In a drugstore. |
A.Buy more medicine. | B.Put on his glasses. | C.Read the instructions. |
A.In the car. | B.In a bag. | C.On a table. |
6 . If you could save someone’s life, would you? That question was
After securing a good test result, Eileen phoned her mother, “Hey, don’t get
The transplant surgery went
Without a second thought, Eileen
Daniel G. Maluf, M. D. , the surgeon for both of Julia’s procedures, said, “The mom’s kidney function recovered
A.alarming | B.burning | C.disturbing | D.damaging |
A.organizers | B.models | C.donors | D.losers |
A.decision | B.difference | C.mistake | D.examination |
A.organs | B.matches | C.chances | D.applicants |
A.fearful | B.ignorant | C.upset | D.mad |
A.met with | B.commented on | C.agreed to | D.burst into |
A.badly | B.slowly | C.smoothly | D.obviously |
A.dream | B.page | C.certificate | D.message |
A.loss | B.pain | C.function | D.failure |
A.recover | B.apply | C.suffer | D.develop |
A.settled down | B.stood out | C.jumped in | D.sank in |
A.transformed | B.observed | C.influenced | D.accomplished |
A.immediately | B.gradually | C.eventually | D.independently |
A.helpful | B.generous | C.appreciative | D.impressive |
A.went ahead | B.came forward | C.took on | D.gave in |
A.Husband and wife. | B.Teacher and student. | C.Doctor and patient. |
8 . “The cure for anything is salt,” says a character in Karen Blixen’s short story The Deluge at Norderney. Everyday life has got a lot saltier since Blixen’s era — and salt is no longer the cure-all it once was. So what should we be doing about it?
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends capping your salt intake at 5g a day, and keeping it even lower if possible. That’s because, according to a large body of evidence, eating a lot of it is linked to high blood pressure, which in turn is a risk factor for heart disease. More recently, extra salt has also been associated with stomach cancer.
So is the answer to put down the shaker? It’s a bit more complicated than that: as the British Heart Foundation notes, 75% of the salt that we eat is added before our food even hits our plates. The UK was a world leader in salt reduction, with the Food Standards Agency enforcing (施行) strict limits on how much could be included in most products.
In 2010, however, as the government introduced “responsibility deals”, the food industry itself took the lead in the process, with limits becoming much more voluntary. Now, even brands that would like to reduce the salt content of their foods are hamstrung by what everyone else is doing: apart from being one of the cheapest forms of flavouring available, salt can also be used to bulk up (增重) foods by increasing their water content.
“As a work partner of mine said, leaving it up to the manufacturers (制造商) is like putting a mosquito in charge of a blood bank,” says Graham MacGregor, a professor of medicine. “Some supermarkets want better enforcement, but it has to come from above.”
The answer, then, is that this is one health concern that we should probably be collectively worrying about. You can take steps like cooking most of your meals and avoiding takeaways and ready meals. But it’s not an option for everyone. “If you really want to lower your salt intake, the best first step might be to write to your MP (国会议员),” says MacGregor.
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on concerning salt?A.Its potential danger to health. | B.Its daily recommended intake. |
C.Its significance to everyday life. | D.Its curing ability for certain diseases. |
A.Copied. | B.Restricted. | C.Doubted. | D.Criticized. |
A.A win-win strategy. | B.An ill-intentioned policy. |
C.A business-restricting practice. | D.A poorly thought-out initiative. |
A.The food industry’s voluntary efforts. | B.The UK government enforcing strict laws. |
C.The general public’s return to home cooking. | D.The WHO introducing minimum standards. |
9 . Following a sustainable diet, also known as a “planetary health diet”, includes whole grains, fruits, nuts, green vegetables, and olive oil, can be a win-win for your health and the planet, according to a new research.
The new research conducted by scientists from the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health has revealed that people who eat more environmentally sustainable food have a 25percent lower risk of mortality (死亡) compared to those with a less sustainable diet, like eggs, the red and processed meat. The findings show that the participants with a good planetary health diet had a reduced risk of all causes of death measured in the study.
The study involved over 100,000 participants in the USA, with a 30-year check-up period. According to Linh Bui, the PhD candidate at Harvard, the research team integrated data on the health outcomes of specific foods and their environment al impact, creating a Planetary Health Diet Index (指数), and gave the participants scores based on their diets. Using this, they assessed the relationship between the scores and the participants’ health outcomes. “The results confirmed our previous hypothesis (假设) that a higher Planetary Health Diet score was associated with a lower risk of death,” said Bui. The people with the highest Planetary Health Index scores had a 25per cent lower overall risk of death than those with the lowest scores.
The environmental impact of the foods was evaluated by factors such as water use, land use, package, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers hope that the eco-index can be used as a simple tool for policy makers and public health services to improve human health and tackle the climate crisis.
However, they acknowledge that the index does not take into account certain challenges that people may have in following a sustainable diet, such as health conditions of the subjects and what cultures they come from. They hope that further research will address these barriers, as well as relationships between foods and diseases tailored to particular countries.
1. What did the new research find about a sustainable diet?A.It is a double-edged sword. |
B.It can reduce the risk of death. |
C.It is mainly composed of greens. |
D.It is less friendly to the environment. |
A.The approaches adopted in the study. |
B.New confirmation about the results. |
C.Supporting evidence for the theory. |
D.Potential benefits of the research. |
A.By analyzing their elements. | B.By measuring their nutrition. |
C.By examining their packaging. | D.By assessing their eco-footprint. |
A.Individual preferences. |
B.Prospective food access. |
C.Culture-based healthy food. |
D.Sustainable food alternatives. |
10 . Since we live in a world that requires your eyes to routinely stare at small types and images on cell phones, computer screens, and televisions, it is important that you take steps to improve your eyesight.
Eyes are just like any other part of the body — they need nutrition to function at an optimal level. Similar to other organs, a diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in sugar and fatty foods will go a long way in maintaining healthy eyes.
Exercise your eyes
Exercising your eyes daily will help you maintain healthy eyes and optimal vision.
Rest and relax your eyes
Since you use your eyes every waking moment, you’d better give them lots of rest and relaxation by taking breaks throughout the day and getting enough sleep every night to fully rest, repair, and recover your vision.
Wear corrective lenses
A.“Feed” your eyes |
B.Don’t ignore your eyes |
C.Plan to exercise your eyes when you wake up |
D.A lack of sleep will weaken your vision health |
E.If you have either nearsightedness or farsightedness |
F.There are several different types of surgery to choose from |
G.Poor eyesight could lead to expensive surgeries or partial blindness |