江苏省常州市八校2021-2022学年高三12月联合调研英语试卷
江苏
高三
阶段练习
2021-12-24
65次
整体难度：
适中
考查范围：
主题、语篇范围
听力二维码
一、阅读理解 添加题型下试题
Instant Expert: Artificial Intelligence
8th February, British Library, London
Artificial intelligence is starting to impact your life. Machines that have learned how to perform a task-or a huge range of tasks- better than humans are proving to be an invaluable resource. AI now assists with your online shopping, routing your deliveries, and much more. Soon it may be driving your car and helping out around your home.
Some see this as a coming ideal world; others as a forthcoming disaster. Whatever the truth, the majority of people are in a dilemma. Do we let AI make decisions about firing weapons? Is it OK to let AI put people out of work ? How far should we go in developing intelligent machines?
Join our speakers on a journey through the fascinating world of AI and give your own intelligence an instant upgrade.
Speakers:
-Michael Veale, Lecturer in Digital Rights and Regulation at University College London
-Nello Cristianini, Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Bristol
-Lydia Nicholls, Researcher and writer
——Hosted by Valerie Jamieson —— New Scientist Live Creative Director
Topics covered will include:
·How does artificial intelligence work?
·What can AI do for us today and how will we use it tomorrow ?
·Will machines outsmart us?
·Should we equip intelligent machines with feelings and a sense of self?
·How is human-robot interaction like in the future?
·Will we ever build conscious machines?
Booking information:
.We require the name of each person attending - please ensure this is provided at the time of booking.
. We will email you your ticket ( s ) immediately after purchase -please remember to bring this on the day as you will need to show your ticket to gain entry.
·All tickets are non-refundable and non-transferable to any other New Scientist event.
1. What do most people think of AI's being used more widely?| A．It's confusing. | B．It's glad news to share. |
| C．It's worrying. | D．It's a difficult choice to make. |
| A．Working principles of human-robot interaction. |
| B．Ways to develop more intelligent robots. |
| C．Reasons why machines outsmart humans. |
| D．Moral problems of artificial intelligence. |
| A．A notice. | B．An exhibition guide. |
| C．An ad. | D．A science report. |
There’s no doubt that Dolly Parton knows how to light up a stage; however, she’s also spent a number of decades trying to bring a spark to children’s education.
Through programs such as the Buddy Program and the Imagination Library, the American singer is sharing her passion for giving kids a better chance in life across the states and further in the UK, Australia, Canada and Ireland.
Among other charity efforts, Parton was inspired to introduce the Buddy Program after seeing the alarming dropout rate in her hometown of Sevierville, Tennessee, in 1990. That year 34% of schoolkids dropped out of high school—a decision they reached around fifth or sixth grade. The figures were so shocking that Parton decided to inspire kids with her new program. So, in the same year, she invited the fifth and sixth graders to her amusement park, Dollywood. She gathered the pupils and asked them to pair up with a friend as part of a motivating buddy system. If both children went on to graduate, she said she would offer them both a $500 check as a reward. That year the percentage of kids abandoning their education dropped to an unbelievable 6%, and continues to be around that rate today.
It was after the success of the Buddy Program that Parton wanted to address the issue of early education even further. To help give kids from disadvantaged backgrounds a better chance at school, the singer started her Imagination Library in 1995. Over the following 25 years the program has seen babies and toddlers enjoy new books every month thanks to her generosity.
And the singer shows no sign of stopping. In 2020, she donated $1 million to Vanderbilt University to try and help research in the fight against COVID-19.
4. What gave rise to the setting up of the Buddy Program?| A．Lack of charity activities. | B．The alarming rate of social crimes. |
| C．Children’s poor living conditions. | D．The great number of children quitting school. |
| A．She sponsored high schools. | B．She offered money to dropouts. |
| C．She encouraged learning in pairs. | D．She organized amusement activities. |
| A．It offered a chance for children to go to school. |
| B．It appealed to the public to value education. |
| C．It helped build libraries all over the country. |
| D．It donated books to those less fortunate children. |
| A．Inspiring and generous. | B．Courageous and kind. |
| C．Reliable and honest. | D．Smart and patient. |
【知识点】 公益活动（组织机构） 记叙文 善行义举（个人）
Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under refrigeration for up to six weeks. After that, it’s no longer usable for transfusions. Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs.
Jonathan Kopechek, a bioengineer from University of Louisville says suspension to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 has put stress on the blood supply, and the pandemic underscores the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.
Good news is that Kopechek’s team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to a sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which is a common ingredient in donuts(甜甜圈). Trehalose is intended to help make them look fresh even when they are months old, and you wouldn’t know the difference.
The researchers chose trehalose because, in nature, it’s made by animals like sea monkeys—famous for their ability to survive dehydration. “So these animals can dry out completely for a long time and then be rehydrated and resume normal function. So we wanted to use the trehalose produced by these organisms and apply that to preserving blood cells in a dried state.”
But first, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. To achieve this, they drilled temporary holes in the cell membranes(细胞膜). And they need to have sufficient trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. “And then we can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.”
Kopechek said the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters—and for humanitarian aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on Mars will include dried red blood cells.
8. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?| A．Satisfy. | B．Decrease. | C．Highlight. | D．Influence. |
| A．It can only be found in sea monkeys. |
| B．It should be preserved in a dried state. |
| C．It helps to keep donuts fresh and tasty. |
| D．It contributes to long-term blood storage. |
①Drying blood and making it into a powder. ② Getting trehalose into blood cells.
③Rehydrating the blood. ④ Drilling holes in the cell surface.
| A．④②①③ | B．④①②③ | C．②④①③ | D．②③④① |
| A．Dried blood has a promising prospect. | B．Trehalose could help stored blood last. |
| C．The need for stored blood is on the rise. | D．Storing blood longer is very challenging. |
After Scott Kelly spent a year in space, his genetic expression changed, according to a NASA study that compared the bodily changes between the astronaut and his identical twin, who stayed on Earth while Kelly was aboard the International Space Station. About 7 percent of Kelly’s gene activity has yet to “return to normal” — almost two years after his yearlong spaceflight mission came to an end. Kelly has since retired from NASA.
The Twins Study，as it’s been called，looked at what happened to Kelly — both physiologically and psychologically :— before，during and after his trip in space，and then compared that data to Kelly’s twin brother，Mark Kelly，also a retired NASA astronaut.
Unlike his brother who spent months at a time in space，Mark’s missions were on the shorter side. His last — and longest — mission，which took place in 2011，lasted 15 days.
“By measuring large numbers of the brother’s metabolites，cytokines (代谢物、细胞活素）and proteins，researchers learned that spaceflight is associated with oxygen deprivation (匮乏）stress， increased inflammation (炎症），and nutrient changes that affect gene expression，” NASA said.
Although most of the biological changes Kelly experienced in space disappeared in the hours and days (and in some cases? weeks) after his return to Earthy, NASA said some changes appear to have continued. While 93 percent of his genetic expression has returned to normal, several hundred “space genes” still have changed activity levels，the data suggests， which, NASA said, could indicate “longer-term changes” in genetic expression caused by the stresses of spaceflight.
NASA said the research could provide important knowledge of the effects of long-term spaceflight on the human body, and that it will influence its planning for a mission to Mars, which would see astronauts spending some three years in space.
Reacting to the news of the study results, Kelly expressed amazement at his body’s changes， and also used the opportunity to make fun of his brother. “This could be good news,” he joked on Twitter. “I no longer have to call Mark my identical twin brother anymore.”
12. What can be learnt about Mark Kelly?| A．He’s still working for NASA. |
| B．He has only been to space once. |
| C．He hasn’t gone on a spaceflight mission yet. |
| D．He never stayed in space for a whole month. |
| A．They’re dangerous to astronauts. |
| B．Most of them won’t last very long. |
| C．They’re mainly caused by psychological stress. |
| D．Some can occur during short-term spaceflight. |
| A．It involved many twin participants. |
| B．It ended soon after Scott Kelly’s last spaceflight. |
| C．It only studied Scott Kelly’s physical changes. |
| D．It will be valuable to NASA’s Mars mission. |
| A．Mark Kelly will lose his twin brother soon. |
| B．Scott Kelly always looks on the bright side. |
| C．Scott Kelly doesn’t like his twin brother. |
| D．Scott Kelly seems to have a sense of humor. |
