“When studying foreign speech, don’t forget about body language. ” Anne Merritt said.

Something as simple as a smile can show: friendliness in one culture, embarrassment in another, impatience in a third. Even silence means different things in different places. If you want to avoid making some mistakes when traveling abroad, you should pay attention to the following.

Touch     

Britain, along with much of Northern Europe and the Far East, has a “noncontact” culture. In those countries, there is very little physical contact (接触) in people’s daily talks. Even brushing someone’s arm by accident is the reason for an apology. However, in the high-contact cultures of the Middle East, Latin America, and Southern Europe, physical touch is a big part of daily life.

What’s more, there are different standards, for who touches whom and where. In much of the Arab world, men hold hands and kiss each other in greeting, but would never do the same with a woman. In Thailand and Laos, it is taboo (禁忌的) to touch anyone’s head, even children’s. In South Korea, elders can touch younger people with force when trying to get through a crowd, but younger people can’t do the same.

Eye contact     

In most Western countries, frequent eye contact: is a sign of confidence and attentiveness (注意). We may think that a conversation partner who looks away is either not listening to us or lying. Of course, this is not the standard around the world.

In many Asian, African, and Latin American countries, the unbroken (未间断的) eye contact would be considered impolite and rude. These cultures consider avoiding eye contact a sign of respect for bosses and elders. In these parts of the-world, children won’t look at an adult who is speaking to them, nor will employees look at their bosses.

1. In Britain, when people are talking, they usually_________.

A．avoid eye contact	B．brush the others’ arms
C．avoid physical contact	D．apologize for their mistakes

2. In Southern Europe, physical touch is________.

A．unnecessary

B．impolite

C．dangerous

D．common

3. What does this passage mainly tell us?

A．How to have a good time abroad.	B．The importance of body language.
C．How to communicate with foreigners.	D．An introduction to some body language.

Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes(染色体).

Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.

She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.

Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed the master’s degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for the doctorate degree.

McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.

An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a perpetual position in the laboratory and got continual incomes. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without repeatedly asking for financial aid.

By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.

8. When did McClintock get a doctorate degree?

A．In 1921.

B．In 1923.

C．In 1925.

D．In 1927

9. In the middle of the great economic depression in the US, ________.

A．male scientists were in great demand

B．male scientists were out of work

C．female geneticists were not in demand at all

D．young female scientists might have trouble finding a job

10. Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock’s research?

A．A permanent position in the laboratory.

B．A temporary job in the genetics department.

C．A job as a botany teacher.

D．A job to research cancer.

11. Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize?

A．Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes.

B．Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research.

C．Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes.

D．Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes.

Is It Worth Buying Organic Food?

Organic food, grown without artificial chemicals, is increasingly popular nowadays. Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels (标签). However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious (有营养的) and safer product, you might want to save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious, and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either.

The latest results, published in the Annuals of Internal Medicine, suggest that buyers may be wasting their money. “We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford. “So consumers shouldn’t assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.”

For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research, including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats.

While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content, they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces. Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards. And both organic and traditional meats, such as chicken and pork, were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates. The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, these nutritional differences were too small, and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends.

Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices, but that doesn’t always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that “Whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.

12. The new research questions whether organic food ________.

A．should replace traditional food

B．has been overpriced by farmers

C．is grown with less harmful chemicals

D．is really more nutritious and healthier

13. Smith Spangler and her colleagues found that ________.

A．organic food could reduce the risk of heart disease

B．traditional food was grown with more natural methods

C．both organic and traditional food they examined were safe

D．there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food

14. Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage?

A．Organic chicken and pork.

B．Organic milk and chicken.

C．Traditional chicken and pork.

D．Traditional fruit and vegetables.

15. What is the author’s attitude toward organic food?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Unconcerned.

D．Approving.

完型填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I had arrived at the airport about 30 minutes before the check­in. It had been very ___1____ three days for me with lots of meetings. So I was glad to have the ____2___ time to make a note of what I ___3____to do the following day. But then came the ___4__ that my flight had to be ___5___ because there was a problem with the plane.

As I sat waiting for my ___6____ to be called, I reflected on my last meeting of the day. It was not a business meeting but rather a very enjoyable __7___ with an old business friend I had not seen for over 12 years. Our lunch was spent recalling time gone by ___8____ filling each other in what had happened in our lives over the last 12 years. We both laughed and smiled as we recalled the good times and the great experiences we had ___9___ together. At the end of our time together, we both said how much we had ___10___ it and that we must do it again.

It was great to have this additional time to replay in my __11__ all that we had talked about. I realized how important it was to have regular___12__ of the good times in our life. I was lucky enough to have had the chance to take a short ___13___ and reflect on the good things that had happened in my life over the last 12 years.

It was somewhat like looking at an old photo album ___14___ in a cupboard in your house. There before your eyes were lots of wonderful ____15___ that take you back to times and places, and most importantly to those people who were in the __16____.

My flight home was finally __17__ three hours later. I smiled as I __18___ the plane and realized that I was not at all ___19___ about the delay in the flight, as I had been able to spend the time __20__ on the good times from days gone by.

21.

A．important

B．busy

C．convenient

D．useful

22.

A．pleasant

B．satisfying

C．happy

D．extra

23.

A．had

B．failed

C．needed

D．managed

24.

A．announcement

B．declaration

C．opening

D．speech

25.

A．waited

B．cancelled

C．taken

D．delayed

26.

A．flight

B．turn

C．name

D．order

27.

A．negotiation

B．lunch

C．party

D．discussion

28.

A．as well

B．except for

C．as well as

D．in addition

29.

A．spent

B．met

C．managed

D．shared

30.

A．got

B．enjoyed

C．made

D．paid

31.

A．heart

B．spirit

C．flight

D．mind

32.

A．time

B．plans

C．reminders

D．remainder

33.

A．way

B．cut

C．method

D．break

34.

A．stored away

B．put on

C．set aside

D．given out

35.

A．celebrations

B．memories

C．awards

D．presents

36.

A．cupboard

B．books

C．childhood

D．photos

37.

A．shouted

B．phoned

C．called

D．commanded

38.

A．left

B．boarded

C．jumped

D．reached

39.

A．upset

B．happy

C．crazy

D．surprised

40.

A．taking

B．seizing

C．reflecting

D．bringing

41. Many poets and artists have drawn their ___________ (inspire) from nature. （用所给单词适当形式填空）

42. A number of new houses___________(have) been built there. (所给词的适当形式填空)

43. The prisoners struggled___________ the policeman but couldn’t escape. (用适当的词填空)

44. It’s no use ________ (argue) with Tom because he will never change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空）

45. I was___________(信服)that he knew the truth.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）

46. Do you know the girl___________(walk)toward us? (所给词的适当形式填空)

47. The___________(临近) of winter brings cold weather. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

48. She stepped back___________(appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. (所给词的适当形式填空)

49. To my___________(amuse), the actor fell off the stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)

50. The___________(wound)are being taken good care of in the hospital. (所给词的适当形式填空)

61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Everyone should take the action to reduce haze (雾霾), which is harmless to our health. First of all, I believe that if we plant more tree, there will be less haze in their city. Trees can absorb exhaust fumes (尾气) from cars, thus reduce pollution. Second, the government should punish the factories where produce too many fumes. Exhaust fumes is the main cause of haze and do greatly harm to people’s health. Maybe we can move factories to areas where few people live. Third, I think it was a great idea to encourage people to use public transportation. Last but not least, we can call on citizens ride bikes if they make short journeys.

62. 假如你是李华，收到澳大利亚表弟(Harry)的电子邮件，邮件中提到他父母想看他的微信朋友圈(We Chat Moments)，他对是否同意和父母分享微信感到犹豫。
请你给他回信，要点如下：1．说明赞成或反对的观点；2．主要理由；3．提出个人的建议。
注意：词数100左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Harry,．
How surprised and pleased to receive your email today! You told me that ______
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Yours,
Li Hua