For lots of kids, toddlerhood(幼儿期)is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament. Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem(“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心)toward a friend, praise him(“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
1. What does the underlined word “temperament” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Appearances. | B.Ages. | C.Characters. | D.Interests. |
A.They are fond of their playmates. |
B.They are interested in acting. |
C.They are shy with the strangers. |
D.They are tired of playing games. |
A.Find them suitable playmates. |
B.Design games for them. |
C.Play together with them. |
D.Help them understand social rules. |
A.Explaining concepts. | B.Giving examples. |
C.Providing evidence. | D.Making comparisons. |
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【推荐1】It’s difficult to find true friends these days.
Call for no reason. Call just to say “Hi” or just to ask “What’s up?”. If you can’t call, just send an e-mail.
Know when to say “I’m sorry.” and “Thank you”.
Be honest. Don’t lie to friends. Trust is the foundation of true friendship. Write them a note from time to time. Also, try to be thoughtful. Give simple gifts that will make their day.
Never be mean with your time. Spare some time to see your friends however busy you are. You can always spare an hour or two after school or work to visit them.
If you are the type of person who knows how to take care of friendship, you definitely are a keeper!
A.Avoid hurtful words. |
B.Action speaks louder than words. |
C.Some are never there when you need them most. |
D.Don’t let pride get in the way, especially when you’re at fault. |
E.Weekends are a great time, too, to bond and hang out with your friends. |
F.This would send a message that you remember your friends at a random (任意的) time of the day. |
G.Once you find a friend who is worth keeping, make sure to take care of what you have with that person. |
【推荐2】It doesn’t matter if you have one friend or 20,because there are only a few people in this world that can make you truly happy. For me,my family and my three best girlfriends mean everything to me.
Some days I didn’t want to go to school because I felt so disappointed in myself but I don’t regret a thing. It makes you stronger as a person,and if you are able to mend your friendships like I have done,then you can do anything.
My mom always told me,“Stephanie,remember that a friend is a gift that you give yourself. A friend will make you laugh and be there for the good and the bad. A true friend will never make fun of you. If a friend is a piece of work,then he or she has never been a friend at all. A friend is the biggest gift to yourself.”
Everyone is going to make mistakes but please don't push them away,especially if it’s someone you really care about. I know when I make a mistake I beat myself up about it. I just wish someone would have reached out a hand to help me back up on my feet like my best friends did. If someone is new or doesn't have a friend,please reach out and befriend them because that small action could mean the world to them. Now that I’m older,I understand what my mom has been trying to tell me,and now I know that the friends that I choose will also be the kinds of friends that I would want to be surrounded by forever.
1. The writer was unwilling to go to school because________.A.she was disappointed in herself |
B.she regretted something she had done |
C.she was busy trying to fix a friendship |
D.she went to buy a gift for her mother |
A.often gives you gifts |
B.makes you happy |
C.does both good and bad things to you |
D.seldom makes fun of you |
A.doesn't have many friends |
B.doesn't think that friends will make her truly happy |
C.understands what a friend means to her |
D.has nothing except her family and three girlfriends |
A.giving advice and offer help if he or she makes mistakes |
B.regarding him or her as a piece of work |
C.considering him or her a valuable gift |
D.trying to treat a newcomer as a friend |
【推荐3】Making and keeping deep, meaningful friendships as an adult is hard, especially for men. Less than half of men report being satisfied with their friendships, and only about 1 in 5 said they had received emotional support from a friend in the last week, compared with 4 in 10 women, according to a 2021 survey from the Survey Center on American Life.
Why is it so hard? When Dr. Frank Sileo, a psychologist based in Ridgewood, New Jersey, first began conducting research on male friendships in 1995, many participants assumed his survey was about homosexuality (同性恋). Such opinions are inaccurate, but showed some of what maybe holding some men back from deep friendships, Sileo said.
Besides, boys receive messages that growing up and “manning up” mean hiding their soft side - a mindset that neuroscience, social science and developmental psychology all show is harmful to them. The drive to toughen up and never show vulnerability (脆弱) that restricts men from friendships can lead them to loneliness, violence and anger. “We consider relationships as feminine.” Sileo said. “If that’s a feminine (女性特有的) thing, it becomes a weakness or inability if men admit to needing friendships. ”
Thus, men seeking closeness might turn to those they see as better at building relationships and feel comfortable exploring their vulnerability with: the women in their lives and their romantic partners, according to Sileo’s research. It may seem like a good solution, but putting everything on a romantic partner can hurt a relationship, whether it is going to a female partner exclusively for emotional support or depending on her to cultivate friendships and get-together for holidays and weekends. It is necessary to have various people to go to for support for different perspectives. “Men need to know it’s not just a woman thing.” she said. “They need to know that men can do it, too. ”
We live in a culture that conflicts with our nature. If we raise children to go against their nature, we shouldn’t be surprised if some of those children grow up to struggle. Research has shown expression of negative emotions improved men’s emotional well-being, increased feelings of being understood and resulted in less reported loneliness. So just as many men make a great effort to eat right, exercise, succeed in their careers and raise children, men should prioritize developing friendships as well.
1. Why does the author mention some numbers in the first paragraph?A.To inform a fact. | B.To introduce the topic. |
C.To make a comparison. | D.To support an opinion. |
A.It studies men’s friendships. |
B.It studies men’s health. |
C.It studies male homosexuality. |
D.It studies reasons why men lack deep friendships. |
A.A man may turn to a woman. | B.A man may get used to it. |
C.A man may become feminine. | D.A man may focus more on his career. |
A.Science. | B.Sports. | C.Entertainment. | D.Health. |
【推荐1】One of the many lessons we were forced to learn from the pandemic was the importance of social interaction, and the negative effects on social isolation. And even outside of our close relationships with friends and family, weak social ties are also necessary to our sense of wellbeing. I know how easy it is to close yourself off from interactions from strangers.
Recent research shows that even weak social interactions — like a quick exchange with a stranger on the sidewalk — contribute positively to our wellbeing. It is easy to live life with your head down, avoiding the far ends of your social network, like classmates you never chat with or neighbors whose names you don’t remember.
Take a look at your social network. Think about your favorite coffee shop, your grocery store, your gym — every day we cross paths with some of the same people.
Don’t be disturbing.
A.Look up, literally! |
B.Respect people’s boundaries. |
C.You may not regard your life as lacking. |
D.Do you want to avoid unwanted interactions? |
E.Take the brave first step to introduce yourself. |
F.Sadly, you have to think through the positive effects of conversations. |
G.However, building tiny relationships with some acquaintance has a powerful impact. |
【推荐2】One of the pleasant things about having an apartment is having neighbors. You may develop personal friendships with some of your neighbors. There may also be times when you have a conflict(冲突)with your neighbors. There may be neighbors you just don't get along with at all. So how can you get along well with your neighbors?
Your neighbors have the right to maintain their living space as you do. Your neighbors have their own lifestyle and their own responsibilities. When you first move into an apartment, show respect for your neighbors. If you see them outside, say "hello". Introduce yourself to them and tell them you just moved in. Be pleasant. Early conflict with neighbors can cause you a bad reputation(名声).You should avoid that. Don't turn up your radio loud. Don't speed up your car on the streets of the neighborhood.
If your neighbors or your landlord(房东)feels that you are causing a problem at any point, be-have responsibly. It is not fun to suddenly be blamed for something, and it is easy to get defensive if this occurs. However, you need to accept that something you are doing has dissatisfied either your neighbors or your landlord or both of them. Listen to their stories carefully. Try to imagine yourself in their situation. Apologize for the problem you have caused.
If you feel your neighbors are causing a disturbance, be dispassionate. For example, suppose that it's two o'clock in the morning and you are awakened by loud noise from neighbors who are having a party, what will you do?This is annoying. You need to recognize that this is the first time that such kind of thing has happened. Recognize that your neighbors are human beings that make mistakes. Realize that there is time to resolve your discomfort with your neighbors. With cool heads, proper communication, patience, and consideration, you can solve this problem with your neighbors.
1. Paragraph 2 mainly suggests that we should be _________A.careful and calm | B.friendly and considerate |
C.kind-hearted and patient | D.responsible and easy-going |
A.Be defensive. | B.Don't take it seriously. |
C.Ask the landlord for help. | D.Listen and try to be responsible. |
A.neighbors try to anger us | B.we are blamed for something |
C.neighbors cause a disturbance | D.w e are woken up by neighbors |
A.Calm. | B.Concerned. | C.Relaxed. | D.Curious. |
【推荐3】How to Deal with Rudeness
When you encounter rude people, do your best to maintain your dignity. That might make them madder, but only you have control over your own behavior and the way you deal with them. And whatever you do, never let the other person’s bad behavior drive you crazy.
Show empathy(同理心) and sympathy
This requires understanding why the person is being rude. For example, if someone yells at someone else in public (even you), you might mention that you totally understand how he’s feeling. If it’s a momentary improper behavior, he’ll probably apologize. Accept it and move on. If he gets angrier, let it go.
Call the person out on his behavior
If someone is always rude to you, ask him if he realizes what he says or does shows a lack of respect for others. He might not realize he’s being rude.
Sometimes it’s best to just walk away. If the person is still saying impolite things or acting out, his lack of an audience will calm him down. If the rudeness is more of a habit, he might realize it’s time to make a change if everyone is walking around him.
Offer extra kindness
A.Avoid the rude person |
B.Change his rude behavior |
C.Here are some ways you can try to deal with them |
D.If he cares, he’ll apologize and try to be more polite |
E.Remember, you are only human and it is OK to get mad |
F.There’s nothing you can do to stop him or make him behave |
G.This might be difficult if the rudeness is more than you can bear |
In the early 17thcentury, the idea of the “Grand Tour” was born. Rich young English people sailed across the English Channel(英吉利海峡). They visited the most beautiful and important European cities of the time, including Paris in France, and Rome and Venice in Italy. Their tours lasted for two to four years, and the tourists stayed a few weeks or months in each city. The “Grand Tour” was an important part of young people’s education—but only for the rich.
In the 18thcentury, tourism began to change. For example, people in the UK started to visit some towns, such as Bath to “take the waters”. They believed that the water there was good for their health. So large and expensive hotels were built in these towns.
In the 19th century, travel became much more popular and faster. When the first railways were built in the 1820s, it was easier for people to travel towns, so they started to go for holidays by the sea. And some started to have holidays in the countryside as cities became larger, noisier and dirtier.
Traveling by sea also became faster and safer when the first steamships were built. People began to travel more to faraway countries.
The 20th century saw cars become more and more popular among ordinary people. Planes were made larger, so ticket prices dropped and more people used them.
Thus tourism grew. In 1949, Russian journalist Vladimir Raitz started a company called Horizon Holidays. The company organizes everything—plane tickets, hotel rooms, even food—and tourists pay for it all before they leave home. The package tour and modern tourist industry was born.
The first travel agency in China was set up as early as 1949. But tourism did not take off until 1978. In 2002, the industry was 500 billion yuan and became an important part of China’s social development.
1. In the early times, the travelers ________.
A.all came from Roman | B.were very young and strong |
C.had lots of money | D.traveled by boat |
A.It was a long journey. | B.The young men learned a lot from it. |
C.Those who took the tour weren’t rich. | D.Most of its destinations were in Europe. |
A.Education | B.Money | C.Transportation | D.People’s ideas |
A.in 1949 | B.in Roman times | C.in the early 17thcentury | D.in the early 19thcentury |
A.a plane rising into the air | B.develop very fast |
C.remove hats and clothes | D.bring down the prices |
【推荐2】Maggie Perkins had been working as a teacher in Georgia for nearly five years before she decided to “quietly quit” her job. The decision didn’t mean leaving her position, but rather limiting her work to her contract(合同) hours, nothing more and nothing less.
Perkins joins a larger online community of workers who have been sharing their experiences on TikTok. But as “quiet quitters” defend their choice to take a step back from work, company managers and workplace experts argue that although doing less might feel good in the short term, it could harm their career and their company in the long run.
In the wake of the global pandemic and the following Great Resignation, employees began to reimagine what work could look like. Gallup’s State of the Global Workplace report in June found job dissatisfaction being at an all-time high. Disengaged(工作不投入的) workers cost the global economy about $7.8 trillion in lost productivity.
But with worries of an economic slowdown, and falling worker productivity, Johnny C. Taylor Jr., president and CEO of the Society for Human Resource Management, warns that anyone who tells their business leader they are a quiet quitter is likely not to have a job for very long. He says companies have become sensitive to worker burnout, especially for employees who are working from home.
Gergo Vari, CEO of the job board Lensa, suggests another choice for quiet quitting: “loudly persisting(坚持)” . That is, allowing employees to speak up about how their organization can serve their goals. “When you loudly persist, you have a sense of belonging and have a share in where the company is going,” he says.
Career coach Allison Peck says she views “quiet quitting” as a sign of employees not connecting to their work or managers. Her career advice for quiet quitters is to take even braver action. “Finding a new job, manager, team, or company that better fits you can improve your attitude towards work,” she says.
1. What will “quiet quitters” do in real life?A.They quit their jobs. | B.They work part-time. |
C.They hate their jobs. | D.They refuse extra work. |
A.A global economic loss. | B.Less competition at work. |
C.Conflicts between colleagues. | D.A shortage of labor on the market. |
A.Those working at home. | B.Those taking several jobs. |
C.Those just returning to offices. | D.Those sticking to their duties. |
A.Find a more suitable job. | B.Improve their work efficiency. |
C.Get along with their colleagues. | D.Speak up about their demand for the company. |
【推荐3】When I worked on the manufacturing shop(车间)floor, we rarely saw plant managers. Except for one. He often walked through the plant. He checked out product quality. He stopped for a brief word—usually no more than a "hello." He wasn't outgoing. He didn't display any of the qualities typically associated with a "leader." Yet we liked him.
In a 1992 University of Pittsburgh study, researchers had four women attend a number of different classes. Their attendance varied: one woman might attend every class; a different woman might attend only a few. What didn't vary was their behavior. None of the women spoke in class or spoke to other students.
At the end of the term, students were asked which woman they liked best. Who "won"? Women who attended the highest number of classes. According to the researchers, "Mere exposure had weak effects on familiarity, but strong effects on attraction and similarity." Or in non-researcher-speak: If I see you frequently, I naturally like you more. That's the power of showing up.
Knowing someone will show up in the future also matters. In a 1967 University of Minnesota study, researchers gave study participants profiles of two people and told them that one would be a partner in future discussion groups. When asked, the participants said they liked their future partner more. Even though the profiles were almost identical.
Want your team or your customers to like you more? Show up. Drop in. Drop by. Send a brief note. Make a quick phone call. You don't have to say or do much. Then, be consistent in your behavior. In time, people will expect you to drop in or drop by, whether in person or virtually. Anticipating future contact will make them like you more.
1. What does the first paragraph serve as?A.An introduction. | B.A background. |
C.A comment. | D.An explanation. |
A.Answering questions frequently. | B.Greeting others enthusiastically. |
C.Behaving more like others. | D.Attending classes more often. |
A.Familiarity contributes to likability. |
B.Identical behaviours enhance likability. |
C.Future partnership increases likability. |
D.Virtual contacts benefit likability. |
A.Power of likability. | B.Research on likability. |
C.Definition of likability. | D.Application of likability. |