1 . Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.
Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too?
But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word.
When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.
When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?A.ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. |
B.There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. |
C.Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. |
D.There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. |
A.ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. |
B.ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. |
C.ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. |
D.ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. |
A.He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. |
B.He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. |
C.He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. |
D.He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. |
A.Acceptable and favorable | B.Amazed and admiring |
C.Indifferent and uncaring | D.Doubtful and uneasy |
The Million Pound Bank Note
It was the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, made a bet. Oliver believed that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubted it. At that moment, they saw a penniless young man
The next morning Henry had just about given himself
1.演讲主题;
2.对网站的要求;
3.期待回复。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
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1. 这本书的书名、作者;
2. 简要介绍这本书的内容;
3. 你推荐的理由。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua
Classical(古典的)Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry
The development of Classical Chinese poetry
One of the key parts of Classical Chinese poetry is its close
6 . The Old Man and The Sea
The old man took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in.
The shark closed fast on the boat and when he hit the fish the old man saw his mouth open and his strange eyes and his sharp teeth as he drove forward in the meat just above the tail. The old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big fish when he threw the fishing spear(叉)into the shark’s head at a place where the line between his eyes crossed with the line that ran straight back from his nose. There were no such lines.
The shark turned over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he turned over once again, wrapping himself in the rope.
A.Finally, he wanted to give up because of lack of strength. |
B.It was hard for me to escape from the shark but I will try. |
C.But that was the location of the brain and the old man hit it. |
D.The old man knew that he was dead but the shark would not accept it. |
E.I cannot keep him from hitting me, he thought, but maybe I can get him. |
F.The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface and the old man watched him. |
7 . It doesn’t interest me what you do for a living. I want to know what you’re eager for, and if you dare to dream of meeting your heart’s desire.
It doesn’t interest me how old you are. I want to know if you will risk looking like a fool for love, for your dream, for the adventure of being alive.
It doesn’t interest me what planets are squaring your moon. I want to know if you have touched the center of your own sorrow, if you have been opened by life’s betrayals(背叛) or have become depressed and closed from fear of further pain! I want to know if you can sit with pain, mine or your own, without moving to hide it or fade it, or fix it. I want to know if you can be with joy, mine or your own, if you can dance with wildness and let the wild joy fill you to the tips of your fingers and toes without warning us to be careful, to be realistic, to remember the limitations of being human.
It doesn’t interest me if the story you are telling me is true. I want to know if you can disappoint another to be true to yourself; if you can bear the scolding of betrayal and not betray your own soul; if you can be faithless and therefore trustworthy. I want to know if you can see beauty even when it’s not pretty every day, and if you can gain your own life from its presence. I want to know if you can live with failure, yours and mine, and still stand on the edge of the lake and shout to the silver of the full moon, “___________” while failed.
It doesn’t interest me to know where you live or how much money you have. I want to know if you can get up, after the night of sorrow and despair, tired and hurt to the bone, and do what needs to be done to feed the children.
It doesn’t interest me who you know or how you came here. I want to know if you will stand in the center of the fire with me and not shrink(退缩) back.
It doesn’t interest me where or what or with whom you have studied. I want to know what makes you continue from the inside when all else is away. I want to know if you can be alone with yourself, and if you truly like the company(伙伴) you keep in the empty moments.
1. The author repeats the sentence “It doesn’t interest me...” to________.A.arouse interest and emphasize his opinion | B.present his opinions one after another |
C.show his disinterest in others’ life attitude | D.display his excellent writing skills |
A.No, it’s not fair. | B.No, it can’t be true. |
C.Yes, I can! | D.Yes, nothing is impossible! |
A.Even if you’re laughed at, you’ll explore the possibilities of life. |
B.Even if you suffer a lot, you can live with suffering and still enjoy life. |
C.Even if you are betrayed, you still like the company you have kept. |
D.Even if you experience pain and sorrow, you still bear your responsibilities. |
1. 该文学作品的基本信息,如:作者、主要情节;
2. 你推荐该文学作品的理由。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Penny,
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Yours,
Li Hua
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 开头和结尾已经给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Lucy,
I am glad to tell you about my favourite poem.
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Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
Carter Druse was born in Virginia. He loved his parents, his home and the south. But he loved his country, too. And in 1861, when the US was divided by a terrible war, Carter Druse, a southerner, decided to join the army of the north.
He told his father about his decision one morning at breakfast. The old man looked at his only son for a moment, too shocked to speak. Then he said, “Please don’t tell your mother about your decision. She is sick, and we both know she has only a few weeks to live. ”
Carter’s father paused, again looking deep into his son’s eyes. “Carter, ” he said, “No matter what happens, be sure that you always do what you think is your duty. ”
Both Carter Druse and his father left the table that morning with broken hearts. And Carter soon left his home and everyone he deeply loved behind.
One sunny afternoon, a few months later, Carter Druse was sent to guard a road which was only a few miles from an enemy’s base. It began in a forest, down in the valley, and climbed up the side of a huge rock. Anyone standing on the top of this high rock would be able to see down into the valley.
Hidden in the valley’s forest were thousands of Carter’s fellow soldiers. They had marched for thirty-six hours. Now they were resting.
Their plan was to attack by surprise their enemy on the other side of the valley. But if their enemy learned about the army hiding in the forest, the soldiers would find themselves in a trap with no escape. That was why Carter Druse had been sent to guard the road and it was his duty to be sure that no enemy soldier spied on the valley, where the army of the north was hiding.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, he saw a man on horseback standing on the huge rock.
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At that instant, the horseman turned his head and looked in Carter’s direction.
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