1 . Before Douglas Engelbart, computers were as big as rooms and used mostly for handling numbers. But in the late 1960s, Engelbart invented almost everything your personal computer has today: a mouse, hypertext, screen sharing and more. Engelbart was adding real-time edits, graphics, hyper-linking and sharing screens — all before the birth of the World Wide Web. “The digital revolution is far more significant than the invention of writing or even of printing,” said Engelbart, and as it turns out, he held all the right cards.

If he’d been British, Engelbart would have been knighted (授爵), but the Portland, Oregon, native instead lived out the rest of his years as an unsung hero, trying to fry even bigger fish in Silicon Valley. His blueprint of the Internet was totally different from today’s profit-driven, streamlined version. Engelbart imagined an information system built on the backbones of cooperation and education, all meant to enhance the collective human mind. He wanted a computerized network of real-time, human-wide cooperation, with the open-source spirit of Wikipedia and the purposefulness of Change.org.

By the late 70s and early 80s, Engelbart and his ideas were cast aside in favour of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, along with their profit-generating vision for personal computing, and a user-friendly approach to the Internet. Engelbart’s team of researchers abandoned him, and he had a lesser position at a company called Tymshare while still battling with his pie-in-the-sky visions of a better world. Even worse, when Engelbart’s mouse invention gained widespread use years later, he never gained the profits — it had been licensed to Apple for around $40,000, Engelbart revealed.

And if Engelbart had won? “Hard to say,” says Jefferson of the Internet Archive in San Francisco. “The Web was bound to grow in ways its founders never intended,” he says. He notes his belief that the same spirit of knowledge-sharing and cooperation Engelbart tirelessly pushed for will one day become part of our fast-evolving Internet, even if a commercial layer clouds the original vision. But even so, fame is difficult to achieve; it often ridicules great thinkers like Galileo or Tesla, only to meet them decades after death. Granted, Engelbart was eventually allowed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1998, and into the Pioneers Circle in the Internet Hall of Fame after his death, but the heart of his dream has yet to be realized.

1. The expression “his pie-in-the-sky visions of a better world” in Para 3 refers to ________.

A．the function of computer data processing

B．a real-time video chat on the Internet

C．a user-friendly approach to the Internet

D．an Internet of knowledge-sharing and cooperation

2. Most probably Engelbart’s greatest regret was that ________.

A．he was too crazy about his vision of the Internet when totally ignored

B．he was not profitably rewarded for his landmark inventions of computer

C．he was admitted to the U. S. National Inventors Hall of Fame too late

D．the Internet was commercially oriented against his original intention

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Engelbart rose and fell in his all-out battle over the future of the Internet.

B．Engelbart could have succeeded in the Internet with his landmark inventions.

C．Engelbart’s achievements have never been recognized.

D．Engelbart didn’t get any profit for his mouse invention.

4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Who Benefits from the Internet?

B．Who Lost the Internet Wars?

C．Who pioneered the World Wide Web?

D．Who Commercialized the Internet?

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word or two words that best fit each blank.

Back in 2013, the legendary Japanese animator and director Hayao Miyazaki formally announced he would retire and make no more feature-length films     1    (follow) the completion of The Wind Rises. Well, it turns out that you can’t keep an Oscar-winning artist away from all     2     he loves. Miyazaki has revealed in a documentary     3     (air) on Japanese TV that he is now coming out of retirement to make a new animated feature.

    4     the documentary, Miyazaki said that he was dissatisfied with the 12-minute CGI-animated film Boro the Caterpillar （《毛毛虫菠萝》）he was currently working on and would like to expand it into a feature-length film instead. The film could take up to four years to make, which means Miyazaki would be around 80 years old by the time it    5    (complete). If he sticks to his ideal timetable, it would be finished before the Tokyo Olympic Games.

Little is known about Boro the Caterpillar, other than     6     Miyazaki describes the film as “a story of a tiny, hairy caterpillar, so tiny that it     7     be easily squished（压坏）between your fingers.” And he has been working on the story for about two decades. The 12-minute Boro the Caterpillar will not be completed for about another year and     8     (screen) exclusively at the Ghibli Museum, a museum showcasing the work of Studio Ghibli co-founded by Miyazaki.

    9    he hasn’t received a green light for the new film, Miyazaki is seen starting work on animation for the project. He plans to create storyboards（剧情梗概系列图）for about 100 cuts of footage. “I think it’s still better     10     (die) when you are doing something than dying when you are doing nothing,” he said. This is Miyazaki—if he wants to make a film, it’s going to get done undoubtedly. There’s no way anyone would turn down another amazing piece of art from the legendary animator.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Learning Quickly from Mistakes

Mercy Cherono is one of many very successful young athletes from Kenya. She was born in 1991 in the village of Kipajit. She is     1     (old) of six children, and some of the other children in her family are also athletes. Her father, John Koech, runs a training camp in the village. During the school holidays, the camp    2     attract over 50 trainees.

Cherono started running in primary school and continued when she went to secondary school in the nearby town of Sotik. At the age of 16, she participated in the 2007 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Cross Country Championships,     3    (hold) in Mombasa. Kenya. It was her first international event. Despite the fact     4     she finished 23rd in the junior race, she had launched herself into international athletics. In the same year, at the World Youth Championships at Ostrava in the Czech Republic, she won a gold medal in the 3,000-meter race,     5    she ran in the championship record time of 8: 53:94.

In the coming years, she continued to win gold medals at famous international championships. She is a two-time World Junior Champion in the 3,000-meter race,     6    (win) in Poland in 2008, and again in Canada in 2010. She also came in first in the 3,000-meter race at the 2009 Africa Junior Championships. However, Cherono is not just a middle-distance runner. At the 2009 World Cross Country Championships in Jordan, she won a silver medal in the junior race. She lost to the Ethiopian long-distance runner Genzebe Dibaba     7     she tried to jump too early to the finishing line. After the race, Cherono claimed, "I will not repeat that mistake again.”

The following year, at the same cross-country race, Cherono proved herself when she won a gold medal. Incredibly,     8     of the three runners-up were from Kenya, too. She and the Kenyan team came home to a hero's welcome. Her coach was excited and owed the success of the Kenyan team    9     hard training and determination." And her father said, "our child is a disciplined girl who has always taken instructions." Perhaps one day Mercy Cherono     10     (instruct) future champions.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. invested　　　B. contributed　　　C. shortly　　　D. honorable　　　E. established F. setting　　　G. classic　　　H. humorous　　　I. eventually　　　J. praise　　　K. complexity

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835-April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, which provided the     1     for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. After an apprenticeship with a printer, he worked as a typesetter and     2     articles to the newspaper of his older brother, Orion Clemens. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his singular lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. In 1865, his     3     story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras spent some time as a miner. The short story brought international attention, and was even translated into     4     Greek. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned     5     from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty.

Though Twain earned a great deal of money from his writings and lectures, he     6     in ventures that lost a great deal of money, notably the Paige Compositor, a mechanical typesetter, which failed because of its     7     and imprecision. Following these financial setbacks, he filed for   protection   from   his   creditors   via   bankruptcy,   and   with   the   help   of   Henry   Huttleston Rogers     8     overcame his financial troubles. Twain chose to pay all his pre-bankruptcy creditors in full, though he had no legal responsibility to do so.

Twain was born     9     after a visit by Halley’s Comet, and he predicted that he would go out with it, too. He died the day after the comet returned. He     10     himself as the   “greatest American humorist of his age”, and William Faulkner called Twain “the father of   American literature”.

7 . Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box… Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.

You are my Solskjaer,

My Ole Solskjaer

You make me happy when skies are grey.

You’ll never know dear.

How much I love you.

Please don’t take my Solskjaer away.

You are my Solskjaer

My only Solskjaer

You make my happy when skies are grey

Coz when it’s pouring you just keep scoring

Please don’t take our Solskjaer away

The above song is     1     from Jimmie Davis’ You Are My Sunshine by Manchester United (曼联) fans to express their overwhelming love towards Ole Gunnar Solskjaer (索尔斯克亚), their favourite striker—Babyface Killer. Although the fans never want to bid     2     to their beloved Ole, every journey always has an end, no matter how wonderful it is.

Finally, the story of Ole as a United player ended. On 28 August 2007 Ole Gunnar Solskjaer     3     called time on his united playing career-eleven years and three days after it began with a goalscoring debut.

On the field, the Norwegian became a perfect     4     of United’s never-say-die spirit in their most successful decade, often scoring late goals when points or trophies looked to have been lost. But off the field, he finally had to admit one defeat—in his battle with his     5     knee injury.

On retiring, ole said, “I would like to thank the manager, the coaching and medical staff and most of all the supporters. The supporters have been fantastic and were a real     6     to me when I was out injured. And their tremendous support will always be in my heart. I feel proud to have     7     United for 11 years and have some very special memories.”

Ole’s many career     8     include his four goals in 12 minutes as a substitute at Nottingham forest in United’s recrod away win (8-1). But surely the most special memory of all would be the Champions League final in 1999 when he best     9     his ability to seize the whisker of a chance. His injury-time-toe-poke past Bayern Munich keeper Oliver Kahn (卡恩) completed United’s Treble (三冠王) and     10     himself an irreplaceable place in Reds history.

8 . Xing Tonghe(邢同和), who graduated from Architecture department, Tong Ji University of Shanghai in 1962, is now the Director of Xing Tonghe Design Studio and Director of Shanghai World EXPO's.

Xing Tonghe has taken charge of more than 300 projects in the past 50 years. His works have been granted more than 30 _______ as national, ministry or municipal(市级的) outstanding design. In the past years, he has also been in charge of the work of planning and designing Shanghai APEC conference hall, 2010 World EXPO Shanghai planning and so on. Xing Tonghe won the title of Distinguished Middle Age and Young Experts of China in 1988, and Municipal Key Project Contribution competition prize for continuous 3 times. Among his works, ''the Shanghai Museum'' was _______ as the ''World City Distinguished Modern Architecture Design''.

The Shanghai Museum, dating back to 1952, moved to its current location in 1995. The building is by Xing Tonghe of Xiandai Architectural Design Group, which is responsible for a(n) _______ 70% of Shanghai's new developments.

The museum has a(n) _______ of over 120,000 pieces, including bronze, ceramics, calligraphy, furniture, jades, ancient coins, paintings, seals, sculptures, minority art and foreign art. The Shanghai Museum _______ several items of national importance, including one ''transparent'' bronze mirror from the Han Dynasty.

The new building is a modern _________ of the ancient Chinese cosmological(宇宙的) view, from the Han dynasty 2200 years ago or earlier, that Heaven is round and the earth beneath is square. For a fifteenth century display of the same idea see Beijing's Temple of Heaven; for a different contemporary understanding see the Shanghai Grand Theater opposite the museum.

The form is also considered to be _______ to the Chinese ding, a bronze food container, but this is _________ by the architect as the main inspiration.

Within the square base, Xing _______ a new philosophy and argues that the museum represents a ________ on museum design:

''In the past, it was thought that the owner or managers were the __________ of the museum and we are afraid that people might visit the museum and destroy the __________. That's why so many old museums have railings for protection. I made the change. ________ should be the host; cultural relics belong to people, so I trust them. So we light up the halls to ________ the display, instead of lighting the passageways. And we don't ________ people, either. They can choose which part they want to see first. Lots of new museums in China has embraced this idea now. ''

1.

A．awards

B．rewards

C．praises

D．ranks

2.

A．thought about

B．thought over

C．thought of

D．thought out

3.

A．separated

B．estimated

C．considered

D．valued

4.

A．source

B．resource

C．gallery

D．collection

5.

A．houses

B．conceals

C．handles

D．provides

6.

A．translation

B．transformation

C．interpretation

D．operation

7.

A．similar

B．familiar

C．peculiar

D．particular

8.

A．denied

B．declined

C．accepted

D．supplied

9.

A．adapts

B．adopts

C．adjusts

D．approves

10.

A．reference

B．recycle

C．recall

D．reflection

11.

A．visitors

B．designers

C．hosts

D．architects

12.

A．exhibits

B．objections

C．exhibitions

D．decorations

13.

A．Staff

B．Spectators

C．Audience

D．Observer

14.

A．demonstrate

B．illustrate

C．clarify

D．highlight

15.

A．dominate

B．restrict

C．limit

D．require

9 . It was in the archives (档案室) of the Archbishop of York that Matthew Collins had a sudden insight: He was surrounded by millions of animal skins.

Another person might say they were surrounded by books and manuscripts written on parchment, which is made from skins, usually of cows and sheep. Collins, however, had been trying to make sense of animal-bone fragments from archaeological digs, and he began to think about the advantages of studying animal skins, already cut into rectangles and arranged neatly on a shelf. Archaeologists consider themselves lucky to get a few dozen samples, and here were millions of skins just sitting there.

In recent years, archaeologists and historians have awakened to the potential of ancient DNA extracted from human bones and teeth. DNA evidence has enriched — and complicated — stories of prehistoric human migrations. It has provided tantalizing clues to epidemics such as the black death. It has identified the remains of King Richard III, found under a parking lot. But Collins isn’t just interested in human remains. He’s interested in the things these humans made; the animals they bred, slaughtered, and ate; and the economies they created.

That’s why he was studying DNA from the bones of livestock — and why his lab is now at the forefront of studying DNA from objects such as parchment and beeswax. These objects can fill in gaps in the written record, revealing new aspects of historical production and trade. How much beeswax came from North Africa, for example?

Collins splits his time between Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen, and it’s hard to nail down exactly what kind of — ologist he is. He has a knack for gathering experts as diverse as parchment specialists, veterinarians, geneticists, archivists, economic historians, and protein scientists (his own background). “All I do is connect people together,” he said. “I’m just the ignorant one in the middle.”

However, it didn’t take long for his group to hit their first culture conflict. In science and archaeology, destructive sampling is at least tolerated, if not encouraged. But book conservators were not going to let people in white coats come in and cut up their books. Instead of giving up or fighting through it, Sarah Fiddyment, a postdoctoral research fellow working with Collins, shadowed conservationists for several weeks. She saw that they used white Staedtler erasers to clean the manuscripts, and wondered whether that rubbed off enough DNA to do the trick. It did; the team found a way to extract DNA and proteins from eraser pieces, a compromise that satisfied the team found a way to extract DNA and proteins from eraser pieces, a compromise that satisfied everyone. The team has since sampled 5,000 animals from parchment this way.

Collins is not the first person to think of getting DNA from parchment, but he’s been the first to do it at scale. Studying the DNA in artifacts is still a relatively new field, with many prospects that remain unexplored. But in our own modern world, we’ve already started to change the biological record, and future archaeologists will not find the same treasure of hidden information in our petroleum-laden material culture. Collins pointed out that we no longer rely as much on natural materials to create the objects we need. What might have once been leather or wood or wool is now all plastic.

1. How is Collin’s study different from the study of other archaeologists?

A．He studies human skins and bones.

B．He is the first person to study animal skins.

C．He studies objects related to humans and their lives.

D．His study can provide clues to previous epidemics.

2. Collin thinks of himself as ignorant because _____.

A．his major doesn’t help his research

B．he can’t connect experts of different fields

C．he finds it hard to identify what kind of — ologist he is

D．his study covers a wide range of subjects beyond his knowledge

3. What can be inferred form the passage?

A．Destructive sampling is not allowed in the field of science and archeology.

B．Collin made a compromise by only studying copies of books made of animal skins.

C．Book protectors were opposed to Collin’s study because his group tracked them for several weeks.

D．It is difficult for future archeologists to study what society is like today due to plastic objects.

4. What may be the appropriate title of this passage?

A．A new discovery in archaeology

B．A lab discovering DNA in old books

C．Archaeology on animals seeing a breakthrough

D．Collin’s contributions to the identification of old books

10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary mavens like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Elliot.     1    .This year’s prize makes Dylan the first American since Toni Morrison in 1993 to win the title. At the same time, the surprise announcement has also ignited a firestorm of discussion around the globe.

Influential US writer Jodi Picoult joked that she might now deserve a Grammy. And well-known British-Indian novelist Hari Kunzru lamented on social media by saying: “This feels like the lamest Nobel win since they gave it to Obama for not being Bush.”

Dylan’s new status — a musician awarded the Nobel Prize for literature–to a degree defies convention. However, this is by no means his first prize for his writing talents. Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury awarded Dylan a special citation “for his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power”.     2    .

    3    . Protest songs like Blowin in the Wind (1962) were the anthems of anti-war and civil rights movements in 1960s US. Densely poetic and image-rich songs such as Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) pushed the folk-rock movement. And even today, many of Dylan’s songs are still relevant and streamed regularly by people all over the world.

In a speech during the MusiCares pre-Grammy honors in 2015, Dylan revealed how he uses lyrics to document American culture and create an American songbook of his own. “I learned lyrics and how to write them from listening to folk songs,” said Dylan. “And I played them, and I met other people that played them, back when nobody was doing it.”

    4    . “From Orpheus to Faiz, song & poetry have been closely linked,” Salman Rushdie, the Indian-born novelist also thought to have been a candidate for the prize, told The New York Times. “Dylan is the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition,” Rushdie added. “Great choice.”

A．There is nothing more honorable to win praise from one’s competitors.

B．In this sense, it could be argued that what the Nobel Committee is doing is simply reinforcing Dylan’s unshakable standing in the world of literature.

C．Dylan’s competitors questioned his winning the Nobel Prize for literature.

D．But, last week, these three figures became forever bonded by the Nobel Prize for literature.

E．Therefore, the Nobel committee just holds a different opinion from that of Pulitzer Prize jury.

F．The words behind Dylan’s songs address social issues and have been transmitted from generation to generation.