1 . Phillis Wheatley was born in Gambia (in Africa) on May 8, 1753 and died in Boston on December 5,1784. When she was seven or eight, she was sold as a slave to John and Susanna Wheatley of Boston. She was named after the ship that brought her to America, The Phillis. The family supposed the girl—who was “suffering from a change of climate”, with “no other covering than a dirty carpet”—to be “about seven years old...from the circumstances of shedding (使脱落) her front teeth”.
Phillis was very intelligent. The Wheatley family taught her to read and write, and encouraged her to write poetry. Her first poem On Messrs. Hussey and Coffin was published when she was only twelve. In 1770, An Elegiac Poem, on the Death of That Celebrated Divine, and Eminent Servant of Jesus Christ, the Reverend and Learned George Whitefield made her famous. It was published in Boston, Newport, and Philadelphia.
When she was eighteen, Phillis and Mrs Wheatley tried to sell a collection containing twenty-eight of Phillis’ poems. Colonists (殖民者) did not want to buy poetry written by an African. Mrs Wheatley wrote to England to ask Countess(女伯爵) of Huntingdon for help. The countess was a wealthy supporter of the abolition (废除) of slavery. Phillis had Poems on various subjects, religious and moral published in England in 1773. This book made Phillis famous in England and the thirteen colonies. She wrote a poem for George Washington in 1775, and he praised her work. They met in 1776. Phillis supported independence for the colonies during the Revolutionary War.
After her master died, Phillis was freed. She married John Peters, a free black man, in 1778. She and her husband lost two children. John was put into prison for debt in 1784. Phillis and her remaining child died in December of 1784 and were buried in an unmarked grave.
Phillis was the first African American and the first slave in the United States to publish a book. She was the first African American woman to earn a living from her writing. Phillis’ poetry proved the abolitionists’ idea that blacks could be artistic and intellectual. Her achievements were used to support a growing antislavery movement.
1. The Wheatley family guessed the age of Phillis by ______.| A．her weight | B．her clothes |
| C．her skin color | D．the condition of her teeth |
| A．lived on writing poems |
| B．helped Phillis get her writings published |
| C．supported independence for the colonies |
| D．felt surprised that Phillis could read and write |
| A．Phillis was only 18 years old when her first poem was published. |
| B．Phillis ’ first attempt at selling her poetry in America was illegal. |
| C．Phillis ’ husband was put into prison for debt in 1778. |
| D．Phillis finally became free after her master died. |
| A．marriage | B．achievements |
| C．sufferings as a slave | D．fight against slavery |
姓名：屠呦呦
国籍：中国
职业：药学家、科学家
兴趣爱好：自幼对传统中药兴趣浓厚
主要经历：1.1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波；
2.1951年考入北京大学，主修制药专业；
3.毕业后接受中医培训两年半，并一直在北京从事中医工作；
4.1972年成功发现并制成青蒿素；
5.2015年10月5日，她被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，成为中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：chemist 药学家；Qinghaosu青蒿素；the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖；traditional Chinese medicine中医
Dear Jack,
I am glad to hear that you would like to know something about the famous scientist Tu Youyou. Now, I will give you a brief introduction to her.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________v
Wish you all the best!
Yours,
Li Hua
3 . In early November of 1503, during Christopher Columbus's fourth and final trip to America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain.
At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive. However, as months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them. Finally the locals decided to stop helping. Without food or any way to leave the island, Columbus's group was soon in serious trouble.
Luckily for Columbus, he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship. It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky. The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse(月全食) on the evening of February 29,1504 and how long it would last.
Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America. He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place. In this meeting, Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food. So his god would take away the moon to punish them. The moment Columbus finished talking, just as he had planned, the moon began disappearing.
The local leaders grew panicked and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted. But first, Columbus's god had to return the moon. Columbus told them he would have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship. Knowing the moon would stay completely hidden for about 48minutes, Columbus returned just before the moon began to reappear. From that day on, until they finally left, Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed.
1. The local people became angry because the Europeans ________.| A．looked very different | B．had nothing to trade |
| C．were cheats and thieves | D．wanted to take their land |
| A．From a book. | B．From the moon. |
| C．From his group. | D．From the locals. |
| A．He discussed the problem with his god. |
| B．He waited for the total lunar eclipse to finish. |
| C．He read about the stars and planets. |
| D．He told his men what happened. |
| A．They all believed in God. | B．They never returned to Spain. |
| C．They admired the local people. | D．They caused their own problems. |
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage.She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province on 30 December, 1930.She
In 1969, Tu Youyou
5 . On September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born in Beijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English, geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside of Hunan in 1953.
With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hit China in the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate in Hunan was not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.
Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.
Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half of China's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production in China. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.
In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic, China's highest honor.
Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including the USA, Brazil and India.
1. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?| A．He began to study hybrid rice in 1973. |
| B．He received the highest honor in China at 90. |
| C．He ever taught math in the city after graduation. |
| D．He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger. |
| A．By listing figures. | B．By quoting reports. |
| C．By imagining results. | D．By explaining reasons. |
| A．Patient and honest. | B．Energetic and athletic. |
| C．Capable and remarkable. | D．Humorous and adventurous. |
| A．The life of Yuan Longping. | B．The team of Yuan Longping. |
| C．The honor of Yuan Longping. | D．The education of Yuan Longping. |
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,
When the house was built, it was much
Although Mary loved flowers,
7 . It was May 23,2016. Arnot, the 32-year-old mountain guide, reached the top of Qomolangma without the use of oxygen (O2) equipment. It was achieved after seven years, three previous attempts, and fourteen straight hours of climbing.
After 15 minutes at the top, Arnot began her descent (下坡). Eight hours later, she reached the camp at 7, 600 meters and became the first American woman—and only the seventh woman ever—to successfully reach Mount Qomolangma without oxygen equipment.
“There are so many reasons for her impressive achievement, especially the physical and emotional efforts that she’s put forth over the years to make this happen,” says the professional climber and photographer Richards. “The mental courage that it requires is something very few people have.”
Arnot didn’t start climbing until she was 19 years old. Money was tight in her family, and climbing mountains never occurred in her mind. After graduating from college, Arnot was invited by her friend to climb a mountain. “It totally changed my life,” says Arnot. “I always know that if you want something, you can achieve it, but knowing what you want is a whole different thing,” she says. “I am athletic but not competitive. After my first climbing, I knew immediately that mountains are what I want — as that is where I felt home for the first time in my life.”
After that first climb, she devoted herself to learning how to climb and move through mountain. It was during her second trip to Qomolangma in 2009 that she first set her sights on a no-oxygen attempt. However, while hiking into Qomolangma Base Camp that year, she hurt her leg and wasn’t able to climb without oxygen. In 2013 she nearly made it to the top, but was forced to take oxygen at 8, 504 meters while helping another climber.
When Arnot finally stood atop Qomolangma, she called her best friend, “I reached the top and I’m not using any oxygen.” Then, tears began to stream down from her eyes. So much of Arnot’s life has been about pushing the limits of her abilities, and in this case, she’s also pushed up against the outer limits of the human spirit.
1. On May 23, 2016, Arnot ________.| A．spent 8 straight hours climbing |
| B．stayed at the top for 50 minutes |
| C．made her first attempt to climb Qomolangma |
| D．reached the top without oxygen equipment |
| A．money was no longer a problem to her |
| B．mountains gave her the feeling of comfort |
| C．she tried to be more athletic and competitive |
| D．she wanted to build up her body through climbing |
| A．She took up climbing when she was 19 years old. |
| B．She has always been a good climber since her childhood. |
| C．She climbed Qomolangma with her family during her first trip. |
| D．She hurt her leg badly while helping another climber in 2009. |
| A．Determined and brave. |
| B．Cautious and honest. |
| C．Caring and open-minded. |
| D．Confident and creative. |
8 . A 15-year-old scientist and inventor has been named as Time's first ever Kid of the Year.
Rao is a high school student from Colorado. She was chosen from 5,000 U.S.-based nominees ( 提 名 ). Time said in a statement that Rao stood out for her ability to apply scientific ideas to real-world problems and her efforts to motivate other kids to take up their own causes. Rao told the Associated Press that the prize is “nothing that I could have ever imagined. And I'm so grateful and just so excited that we're really taking a look at the upcoming generation and our generation, since the future is in our hands.” She insists that starting out small doesn't matter, as long as you're enthusiastic about it.
It's just the latest recognition for the teenager, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list. Rao won praise in 2017 after she developed a portable device（设备） to detect lead (铅) in water. She went on to cooperate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market.
The young scientist has also developed an app called Kindly that uses artificial intelligence to help prevent cyberbullying (网络欺凌). It allows teens to type in a word or phrase to find out if the words they're using are hurtful and amount to（等于）bullying, and thus should be avoided.
In an interview with Time, Rao said that her pursuits（追求） in science started early as a way to improve conditions in society. In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged, Rao insists that its pursuit is an important act of kindness. It is the best way that a younger generation can better the world. Science and technology are being employed as never before to handle various issues, such as global warming, the outbreak of disease and so on, she noted.
“We have science in everything we're involved in, and I think that's the biggest thing to put out there, that science is cool, invention is cool, and anybody can be an inventor," Rao said.“ Anybody can do science.
1. What is one of the reasons for Rao being honored by Time?| A．The up-to-date ideas she had come up with. |
| B．The large amounts of time she had devoted. |
| C．The influence she has on young generations. |
| D．The optimistic attitude she holds to the future. |
| A．functional | B．environment-friendly |
| C．efficient | D．money-saving |
| A．Her tolerance for problems. | B．Her amazing brain power. |
| C．Her exposure to challenges. | D．Her concern about society. |
| A．High School Student Struggling for Big Dream |
| B．Young Scientist Named TIME's Kid of the Year |
| C．Scientific Achievements Applied to Our Real Life |
| D．Advanced Inventions Used in Bettering the World |
Bruno Mars was born into a very musical family in Hawaii. When he was young , he often performed on the stage with his family,
It wasn’t easy, though. He was used to giving performances
Great scientists
John Snow, a well-known doctor in London, became
He got interested in two theories
