Caves (洞穴) have a primary appeal — they hold the secrets to our past and are mysterious in and of themselves.

Kentucky, USA

The longest cave system in the world lies beneath the Green River Valley in Kentucky and while over 400 miles of passageways have been mapped, it has yet to be fully discovered. The complex limestone labyrinth (石灰岩迷宫) was discovered by humans 4,000 years ago.

Capri, Italy

Once used as the personal swimming hole for the Roman Emperor Tiberius, this extremely bright sea cave is almost 200 feet long and 82 feet wide. Its unique glow comes from the light entering the small opening to the outside.

Beit Shemesh, Israel

Also known as the Soreq Cave Nature Reserve, Avshalom is considered to be the Rosetta Stone of climate history in the Eastern Mediterranean through the packed stalactites (钟乳石) found in the cave, some of which are over 13 feet long, and are as old as 300,000 years.

Naica, Mexico

This unique cave system in Mexico contains some of the largest natural crystals (水晶) ever found—the longest of which is 39 feet long and 13 feet thick. However, it is rarely explored due to logistical difficulties: it is extremely hot due to its location above a volcanic vent, and the huge crystals block also block the passage.

A recent global survey of 2000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they’re passionate（有激情的） about.” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.” Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.

Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day. Who’s going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.

It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,” he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.

“We’re beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,”says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin（近似） to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect” is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”

Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient（坚韧的）chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance — an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.

Australian experts have expressed concerns that too many millennials(千禧一代) are hoping to use their social media accounts to build their careers. Their concerns follow the sudden rise in “insta-celebrities” who make money by posting sponsored(赞助的) photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy(有商业头脑的), making money off social media isn’t impossible.

Instagram is flooded with social media professionals paid to promote products and services. However, social scientist Lauren Rosewarne, from the University of Melbourne, says that in reality, there are far fewer people making money off the platforms than one may think. She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as “totally unrealistic” and extremely difficult to do.

“Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago,” Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Saturday. “There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing(使具有货币性质) their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm.” She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. “There’s the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account.”

Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media. “Where do the insta-celebrities go to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life?” Eager said. “All of a sudden, people own your private life.”

How to Remember What You Read

Reading is important, but the next important step is making sure that you remember what you've read!     16    You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tips for remembering what you read.

Are you confused?

If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read.     17     If you don't understand what you're reading, how would you remember it? There are a few things you can do--use a dictionary ； look up the difficult words； consult a teacher...

Are you connected?

Does a character remind you of a friend? Does the setting make you want to visit the place? Does the book inspire you and make you want to read more? With some books, you may feel a connection right away.     18    How willing are you to make the connections happen?

Read it; hear it; be it!

Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He'd make faces in the mirror and change his voice for each character.     19     .

How often do you read? If you read frequently, you'll likely have an easier time with remembering what you're reading and what you've read.     20    As you make reading a regular part of your life, you'll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. You'll learn to enjoy literature--as you remember what you read !

It's a memorable period when I lost a long time job. It happened in 2004, when our company announced the job _________, facing the global economic crisis. We all _________ the insurance company we worked for was not as _________ as it used to be. Then, one day, I entered my office and was _________ I got fired.

During that week, I did almost nothing to change my situation, _________ renewing my old contacts with writers that I built when I worked as an experienced _________ many years ago. Beyond this, I remained a _________ unemployed loser. Soon enough, I received an order from a writer. Then I was _________ by a few more people who needed my services, and gradually my reputation recovered.

Though this _________ job couldn't support me long. I could make ends meet while __________ a job. During my hard times, I made the __________ of a man from Japan, who wanted to have his novel translated into English quickly, and I __________ that. We worked together for a while. He inspired me to find new opportunities from __________ companies instead of the same ones. I started to look at the world from another __________; I figured out what I truly wanted, and __________ the thought that “the man is for work, not the work for the man”.

The ratio of overweight people     36    (participate) in a survey increased from 29% in 2012 to 31.5% in 2016, and the number of highly overweight people     37    (rise) to 550,000, creating     38     serious headache for medical services. The increase of highly overweight people was     39    (particular) sharp among those in their 20s. The numbers came from a study of physical examinations       40    (publish) by the Health Insurance Service.

According to the survey, the highly obesity (肥胖) rate among young people can be a result of their addiction     41     salt intake and soft drinks from childhood. Eating too much salty food is considered as a main factor,     42     leads to health problems. Besides, drinking soft drinks is also     43    (blame) because it makes people more likely     44    (gain) weight.

The result may affect the new lifestyle of those people. Cutting down on salt may be hard,     45     repeated training to prefer less salty food is necessary. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.