First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital(生命的)signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway(气道), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病)or heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes safe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写)ABC, which stands for:
A—Airway: Is it open and clear?
B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally (表面)? Check skin colour and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
4. What is the main idea of this article?
A.First aid is more important than professional medical treatment. |
B.First aid is important, but should be provided properly. |
C.First aid can be provided by any person. |
D.First aid requires assessment. |
5. About the functions of first aid, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.It may save a life or improve vital signs. |
B.It may stop a victim's condition getting worse. |
C.It may help reduce a victim's pain. |
D.It can't make any difference to a victim's condition. |
6. If first aid is given improperly, what could be the result?
A.Leading to permanent disability. | B.The victim suffering further injury. |
C.Worsening the victim's condition. | D.All of the above. |
7. Replace the instructions about carrying out first aid from ① to ⑤ in right order.
①Ask for the victim's permission.
②Call for professional medical help.
③Get some details of the injury or illness.
④Take first aid measures.
⑤Make assessment of the victim.
A.①②③④⑤ | B.②①③⑤④ |
C.②①⑤③④ | D.②⑤①③④ |