Malala yousafzai, the youngest-ever Nobel Prize winner, is a Pakistani activist for female education.

Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, the largest city in the Swat Valley. At a very young age, Malala developed a thirst for knowledge. For years her father, a passionate education advocate himself, ran a learning institution in the city, and school was a big part of Malala's family.

In 2007, when Malala was ten years old, the situation in the Swat Valley rapidly changed for her family and community. The Taliban began to control the Swat Valley and quickly became the dominant socio-political force throughout much of northwestern Pakistan. Girls were banned from attending school, and cultural activities like dancing and watching television were prohibited.

Determined to go to school and with a firm belief in her right to an education, in early 2009, Malala, through writing blogs on BBC, delivering speeches and many other international movements, appealed to global attention to female rights.

But, not everyone supported and welcomed her campaign to bring about change in Swat. On the morning of October 9, 2012, 15-year-old Malala Yousafzai was shot by the Taliban.

Although Malala was seriously attacked by Taliban, she refused to compromise her principles. Malala's bravery against inequality did inspire people to fight for their own rights, and Malala was supported both physically and mentally by people all around the world.

In October 2014, Malala, along with Indian children's rights activist Kailash Satyarthi, was named a Nobel Peace Prize winner. At age 17, she became the youngest person to receive this prize. Accepting the award, Malala reaffirmed that “This award is not just for me. It is for those forgotten children who want education. It is for those frightened children who want peace. It is for those voiceless children who want change.”

Putting cash in the hands of mothers can help shape the brains of their babies, according to a study in the United States.

Family income has been linked to child development numerous times in the past in observational studies, but this is the first time researchers have found direct experimental evidence of how poverty drives such changes.

The findings come from an ongoing study known as Baby’s First Year, which is attempting to assess how poverty reduction can impact the cognitive and emotional growth of very young children. “We have known for many years that growing up in poverty puts children at risk for lower school achievement, reduced earnings, and poorer health,” explains neuroscientist Kimberly Noble from Columbia University. “However, until now, we haven’t been able to say whether poverty itself causes differences in child development, or whether growing up in poverty is simply associated with other factors that cause those differences.”

A thousand low-income mothers in the US were recruited (招募) for the study shortly after their babies were born. These parents, who came from either New York City, New Orleans, Omaha or Minneapolis/St. Paul, were then randomly offered either $333 a month in unconditional cash payments or $20 a month in unconditional cash payments for the first four years of their baby's life—no strings attached.

The data show that giving low-income mothers financial support can directly change infant brain activity in the first year of life. Infants (婴儿) whose mothers had received the higher cash payments, for instance, had higher frequency brain activity than those infants whose mothers had received less.

Further research is needed to see whether these changes in brain activity last or whether they translate to improved cognitive development, but there’s good reason to suspect they might.

As one of the greatest threats to our existence and to the future of our planet, climate change doesn’t just affect one place, but the whole world.

Thus, at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, which just ended, China has again demonstrated its capability and determination to tackle the global challenge of climate change through putting in place innovative and green technologies to protect the environment.

To achieve this great milestone, China engaged about 300 million Chinese in the planning process, activating the spirit of the Olympic motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger—Together”. Knowing that preparations for the event, such as the construction of venues, roads and other facilities, could lead to an increase in energy use and carbon emissions, the Beijing 2022 organizing committee was determined to carry out carbon reduction measures such as low-carbon venues, energy use and transportation.

First, regarding low-carbon venues (比赛场馆) and infrastructure (基础设施), a total of 550 kilometers of streets along Beijing’s rivers and lakes were rearranged for use by cyclists and pedestrians. Also, a waterfront pathway running 28. 5 kilometers from the capital’s downtown to its Tongzhou district was opened to the public in 2021.

Second, regarding low-carbon energy use, for the first time in Olympics history, 100 percent of the conventional electricity demand of all venues was supplied by renewable energy. The venues relied on the newly built Zhangbei renewable energy flexible direct current power grid in Zhangjiakou and the cross-regional green power trading mechanism.

Third, a low-carbon transportation system was used. The transportation system within the overall Beijing Games zone mainly relied on electric and natural-gas-powered vehicles. In the Yanqing district zone and the Zhangjiakou zone, hydrogen (氢)-fueled vehicles were used. According to the organizers, a total of about 1, 807 hybrid vehicles, over 800 hydrogen-fueled vehicles, nearly 500 natural gas-fueled vehicles and 370 pure electric vehicles were used.

China has showed the world its commitment to giving top priority to ecological conservation. Indeed, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics provided sustainable initiatives to ensure ecological protection and carbon-neutral Games.