Thinner isn’t always better, a number of studies have_________ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some disease compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually_________. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. Likewise, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an_________ of good health.

Of even greater concern is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined_________ body mass index, or BMI. BMI_________ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _________, can be divided into moderately obese(30-35), severely obese(35-40), and very severely obese(over 40).

While such numerical standards seem_________, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, while others with a low BMI may be in poor_________. For example, many collegiate and professional football players_________ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a__________ BMI.

Today we have a(n)________ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes__________ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes________ with obesity include laziness, lack of willpower, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbour biases against the obese. Even very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

Negative attitudes toward obesity, __________ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity__________. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign against childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

Current medical guidelines in many parts of the world recommend mild exercise for older people as a way to prevent both physical and mental decline. However, if you want to help your grandma stay mentally sharp into her golden years, you could buy her an Xbox, the latest research suggests. Researchers have conducted a study that found playing interactive video games could be more effective than just exercise alone in preventing mental decline in older people.

To investigate this, the researchers compared two groups of people aged 72 years and over, one of which did standard exercise for 12 weeks, and at the same time the other instead played sports games on an Xbox, which combine regular exercise with cognitive (认知的) exercise.

The study’s senior author, Tracy Kolbe Alexander said they found a marked difference in the results between the two groups. The 45 participants took cognitive assessment test before and after the 12-week program and the gaming group showed improvements in cognitive ability. All the participants had reported mild forms of memory loss but none had any form of dementia (痴呆) diagnosed when the experiment was done. However, the participants using Xbox showed physical improvement particularly in aspects such as strength and balance, which the researchers said were very important to preventing falls.

“We are not so sure that interactive gaming is going to prevent dementia or anything like that, but our results showed a clear cognitive benefit,” Professor Kolbe Alexander said, “Keeping up physical activities via interactive gaming could also be of benefit to older people who lived in areas where there were physical barriers to exercise, such as lack of access to parks or walking tracks.”

Tom’s hobby was     25    (smoke). He likes reading newspapers because it was     26    (interest). He felt     27     (astonish) when he read a newspaper about lung cancer. What he wanted to do was     28    (give) up smoking at once. But sometimes he remained     29    (puzzle) if he should continue or give up. So he got     30    (change) and went to a hospital to find a doctor for help, who showed him some     31    (frighten) pictures of lung who smoked heavily. So he was     32    (determine) to stop smoking and followed the doctor’s advice. Now his part-time job is     33     (educate) people about health and he finds the work is very     34     (reward).