文章大意:本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一份研究报告,该研究表明几乎每个国家在应对气候变化方面都存在不足——其中大多数都严重不足,而且世界不太可能在国际商定的限制范围内发出警告。
Nearly every nation is coming up short — most of them far short — in their efforts to fight climate change, and the world is unlikely to hold warning to the internationally agreed-upon limit, according to a new scientific report.
Gambia, a tiny country in Africa, is the only nation that is cutting emissions (排放) and taking up its share of actions to keep the world from exceeding the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting warming to 1.5℃ above preindustrial times, according to the report. Only one industrialized nation — the United Kingdom—is even close to doing what it should to cut emissions of heat-trapping gases and finance clean energy for poorer nations, the Climate Action Tracker(CAT)reported.
Enough nations promised big enough carbon pollution cuts that the CAT said the “emissions gap” — the difference between emissions projections (预测) with the promises and what’s required to meet the 1.5-degree goal — dropped by 11%.
“That momentum (势头) has not been maintained,” said Bill Hare, report co-author and CEO of Climate Analytics. “We’re running short of countries stepping up with additional emission commitments to close the gap.”
Unlike its previous reports, which just looked at promises to cut carbon pollution and policy changes, the new ratings include money issues. Finance is critical to climate negotiations this fall in Scotland, so the report examined commitments by rich nations to help pay for clean energy for poor nations, according to Hare.
That hurt the United States and European Union rankings. The report called efforts by the United States, the European Union, Germany and Japan “insufficient” and more in line with global warming of 3℃ since the late 19th century. The world has already warmed by 1.1℃ since that time, so these countries will make the world 1.9℃ warmer than it is now.
Hare said Brazil and Mexico “went backwards” on their fight to control warming. The report lists Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore and Thailand at the bottom.
12. What does the underlined word “exceeding” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Limiting. | B.Changing. | C.Working towards. | D.Going beyond. |
13. What do Hare’s words in paragraph 4 mean?
A.The global warming will be soon controlled. |
B.Global nations are struggling to bridge “emissions gap”. |
C.More countries are needed to solve the global climate change. |
D.Many nations keep the promises of carbon pollution reduction. |
14. According to Hare, what will hold back some countries from reducing carbon pollution?
A.Additional emission. | B.Climate negotiations. | C.Smaller population. | D.Insufficient funds. |
15. In which section of a website can we find the text?
A.Economy. | B.Environment. | C.Technology. | D.Entertainment. |