四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷2
四川
高二
期末
2023-12-29
114次
整体难度:
适中
考查范围:
主题、语篇范围
一、阅读理解 添加题型下试题
Urban gardens are valuable property to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力) make new friends, connect with the earth, and much no re. So, let’s check out our list of four inspiring urban gardens in the US.
Got ham Greens
Where: New York & Chicago
What: Got ham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produced over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-teach green houses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.
Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students
Where: Baltimore, Mary land
What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encouraged students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.
ReVision Urban Farm
Where: Boston, Massachusetts
What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home——a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provided these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provided job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.
Swale
Where: New York
What: scale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm, Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vine——each one complementing the other in a symbiotic (共生的) relationship.
1. What is special about Got ham Greens?A.It provides job training for students. |
B.It offers homeless families formation on healthy eating |
C.It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. |
D.It uses high-tech green houses to grow healthy food. |
A.Got ham Greens. | B.Revision Urban Farm. |
C.Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students | D.Scale. |
A.They are inspirational multinational project. | B.They have educational and entertaining purpose. |
C.They create job opportunities for farmers. | D.They are important for citizens. |
As a geothermal(地热) scientist, I know that boiling rivers exist-but they are always near volcanoes. You need a lot of heat to make that much water boil. We were working in the volcanic gap, a 950-mile-long area that covers most of Peru, where there haven’t been volcanic eruptions for the past two million years.
Yet, we’d found the Shanaya, a name originated from “heating thing”. My measurements averaged 190°F-195°F. The locals think it’s so hot because of the Yacumama, or “water mother”—a spirit who gives birth to waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rock at the origin of the heated water.
I had to cut my way through the bush at the side of the river to take temperature readings. All the while, right next to me was this very hot, fast-flowing body of water. A friend at the nearest village had told me, “Use your feet like eyes.” You can’t see heat, but you can feel it when you step near it. I wore sandals(凉鞋).
I was at a part of the river measuring 210F, standing on a rock the size of a sheet or paper, when the rain fell. It was like a curtain rising. The temperature difference between the rain and the river caused a whiteout(临时性失明). I couldn’t see, but I whistled to let my partner know I was OK.
At 130°F, flesh cooks, and the water around me was nearing twice that. My eyes would have cooked in less than a minute, and I couldn’t have seen how to get out. I saw rats fall in, their eyes turning milky white. I kept whistling.
After 15 minutes the rain stopped and the steam cleared. A heavy rain in most situations would have been nothing important. Here, for a matter of minutes, it thinned the line between researching and being boiled alive.
4. What do the locals think causes the water so hot?A.The high temperature. | B.An imaginary creature. |
C.The volcanic eruptions. | D.The geological conditions. |
A.To get some related data. |
B.To look into wildlife around the river. |
C.To know about the quality of the water. |
D.To appreciate the beautiful scenery there. |
A.He was in trouble. | B.He could stand on a rock. |
C.Nothing was wrong with him. | D.He liked the natural phenomenon. |
A.A Hard Rain | B.Milky White Eyes |
C.Boiling River | D.Water near Volcanoes |
In a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.
Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持). It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.
In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement). Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was.
The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to obtain the treat hiding under each one. After the series of rewarded trials, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones.
In the social learning task, the trained dogs gazed at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.
8. How does the author introduce the topic?A.By stating a fact. | B.By raising a doubt. |
C.By making an assumption. | D.By presenting a conclusion. |
A.Chaining a dog up while walking it every day. |
B.Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. |
C.Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out. |
D.Yelling at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse. |
A.Their newly learned behaviors last longer. |
B.They can grow stronger than untrained dogs. |
C.They are more likely to live longer. |
D.They are better at helping their friends. |
A.How researchers carry out animal experiments |
B.Why trained dogs don’t give up easily |
C.Why persistent dogs make better pets |
D.How to pick out a suitable pet dog |
With the growing trend of listening to stories on meditation apps(冥想应用), travel tales—sometimes featuring surrounding sounds of places such as rainforests in Borneo—are helping people get restful sleep. Imagine a voice softly telling as listeners close their eyes and snuggle down in their beds. Are you paying attention? Actually, it doesn’t matter.
According to the CDC, some 70 million Americans struggle with chronic sleep problems. To help with this, many adults are bringing back bedtime stories through meditation apps. Nearly a third of the Calm app’s 300 bedtime stories, which have been listened to more than 450 million times, are about travel. Some 45% of the bedtime stories on the app Breethe are travel-related. Earlier this year, half of the top 10 bedtime stories were travel-themed.
Travel bedtime stories are typically an audio retelling of a trip and rely heavily on descriptions, with occasional surrounding noises like ocean waves, train tracks, or soft music. Train stories are particularly popular at bedtime. “You need movement in a bedtime story—if things are static(静止的), it’s too dull and the listener will get restless,” says Martha Bayless, a professor at the University of Oregon’s Folklore and Public Culture Program. “But the movement has to be non-threatening and soothing. The train is the perfect vehicle for sleep, engaging the senses in a gentle way.”
One possible reason why travel bedtime stories calm our brains is “mirror neurons(镜像神经元),” says Rachel Salas, a neurologist at Johns Hopkins Center for Sleep and Wellness. “These brain cells might combine our own experiences with someone else’s. For example, a tale of train travel could bring a sense of nostalgia(怀旧)for our own past journeys. The comforting sense of something familiar can help with relaxation and sleep. Additionally, the sound of a train chugging along the tracks serves as a type of white noise that lulls people to sleep,” Salas adds.
“In most travel bedtime stories, nothing much happens,” says Bayless. “The bedtime stories are about the quiet period between adventures, which is what sleep is also about.”
12. In which aspect do people benefit from travel tales?A.Promoting sleep. | B.Inspiring imagination. |
C.Improving concentration. | D.Gaining travel information. |
A.Most adults suffer a lot from a lack of sleep. |
B.Adequate quality sleep is essential to human health. |
C.Meditation apps help people reduce stress effectively. |
D.Travel-related bedtime stories are more appealing to listeners. |
A.evidence of the significance of mirror neurons |
B.an explanation as to why travel tales help with sleep |
C.a description of adventurous travel experiences |
D.an analysis of how sleep affects people’s memory |
A.Travel. | B.Opinion. | C.Entertainment. | D.Science. |