【推荐1】Throughout our daily lives, we have known plenty of people and will know more. But how can we tell if someone is trustworthy? In a paper published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researcher gave us the answer.

The researchers asked 401 adults from the United States to fill out a questionnaire measuring their guilt-proneness(内疚倾向) in different situations as well as several other qualities, and then play a short online game. In this game, Player 1 is given $1, which they can choose to give to Player2. Any money given to Player 2 is then automatically increased to $2.50. Player 2 can then decide whether to keep all of the money or behave in a trustworthy way by returning a portion of the money to Player 1. The researchers found more guilt-prone people were more likely to share the money with Player1. Actually, in follow-up studies, guilt-proneness predicted trustworthiness better than other personality qualities the researchers measured.

Why might guilt lead to trustworthy behavior? The researchers found people who were guilt-prone also reported feeling an obligation to act in ethical(合乎道德的) and responsible ways while interacting(互动) with their partners in the game. People who are guilt-prone tend to avoid engaging in behavior that might harm or disappoint others. If they do something bad, guilt encourages them to try to make things right again.

Then， how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy? “One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret,” lead author Emma Levine, assistant professor at the University of Chicago Levine, explains. Another way is to ask them to describe a difficult dilemma they faced in the past, suggests co-author Taya Cohen, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University. This is particularly effective, Cohen and her colleagues have found, because it allows us to see if they’re concerned about the effects their actions have on others.

1. What may make others feel that we are reliable according to the text?

A．Our good qualities to help them out.

B．Our tendency to experience guilt.

C．Our kind attitude towards them.

D．Our team spirit in the game.

2. What may connect guilt with trustworthy behavior?

A．A sense of responsibility.

B．A feeling of disappointment.

C．The way one interacts with others.

D．The ability to tell right from wrong.

3. What does the underlined word “ascertain” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Ask	B．Express
C．Describe	D．Determine

4. How is the text organized and developed?

A．By providing background.

B．By making a lot of comparisons.

C．By answering the raised questions.

D．By analyzing effects of guilt-proneness.

【推荐3】If you thought helicopter parents were too much, wait till you learn about “lawnmower (割草机) parents”. These are the next generation of helicopter parents, who take over-parenting to the next level. Rather than staying overhead in the air, these parents actively prepare the way for their children to succeed, cushioning every bump along the way.

Their goal is to create a soft, even surface onto which their child will proceed, free from harm and worry. They get involved before problems reach their child, sometimes even going to immoral lengths, such as writing college papers for a child who’s running out of time.

One teacher told the Irish Times: “These days you would often hear from a mother or father insisting their child be put in the top math class, for example. Self-esteem (respect) is the buzzword (popular word). They feel it would harm their child’s confidence. The irony is their self-esteem would be damaged far more by sending them into a class where they can’t catch up with others.

It’s not children who are out of control. It’s parents. There will come a point when these children won’t have parents on which to depend, and then how are they going to function? It’s frightening, too, to imagine these children becoming adults and attempting to raise families of their own. They would hardly be capable of teaching independence, confidence, work ethic, and discipline to their own children if they’ve never learned it themselves.

At the end of the TIME article, Gibbs shared a wonderful quote from writer D.H. Lawrence, written in 1918: “How to begin to educate a child. First rule: leave him alone. Second rule: leave him alone. Third rule: leave him alone. That is the whole beginning.

1. Which of the following would the author agree with about “Lawnmower parents”?

A．They are children of helicopter parents.

B．They always stay over their children’s head in the air.

C．They want to win over helicopter parents.

D．They do much more for children than helicopter parents.

2. According to the teacher mentioned in the text, what does the underlined it in Para 3 refer to?

A．That children belong to the ordinary class.

B．That children are put in the top maths class.

C．That children can’t catch up with the class.

D．That children don’t do well as expected.

3. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?

A．Letting children be is the last thing to do in education.

B．We must allow children enough freedom in their development.

C．Gibbs must have been an expert in children education.

D．There is no definite answer to how to educate a child.

4. What’s the author’s attitude toward the children with “Lawnmower parents”?

A．Very appreciative.	B．Quite surprised.
C．Much worried.	D．A little disappointed.