Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.
For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy's a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. In fact, he bought $200 worth of tickets. He's really a big loser!
He didn't say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That's called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. During Governor Smith's last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith's term, the state lost one million jobs!” That's true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith's term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It's against the law to make false statements sol they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too often. It's a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
1. What do the underlined words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean?| A．Final increase. | B．Large share. |
| C．Big advantage. | D．Total saving. |
| A．buy lottery tickets. | B．make use of half-truths. |
| C．not take anything at face value. | D．not trust the Yucky Company. |
| A．Advertisements are based on facts. | B．Doctors like to act in advertisements. |
| C．False statements are easy to see through. | D．Half-truths are often used to mislead people. |
| A．By listing examples. | B．By comparing. |
| C．By inferring. | D．By listing numbers. |
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【推荐1】Everyone wants to be self-confident, but maybe we just don’t know how to be. Here are some tips on how you can feel more confident about yourself.
Second, try to spend more time with positive people. Successful and confident people have their own ways of settling problems.
Third, set goals for yourself. With each goal you achieve, you self-confidence will increase.
Fourth, start each day with a sense of opportunity.
Actually everyone has his or her own way of becoming confident.
In short, as long as you try new things, you are sure to become more confident.
| A．You should talk with your friends. |
| B．Pay attention and learn from them. |
| C．First, don’t think about your weak points. |
| D．It’s not always right to ask friends for help. |
| E．sometimes we might be afraid of trying new things. |
| F．First, you should know what your weak points are. |
| G．Start your day by reading something encouraging. |
【推荐2】Whoosh!
I sailed by person after person on the track.
I'm a runner. Well, technically a jogger. I often run near my home, most people on the track walking, therefore my speed, meager in running terms and faster than walking.
My speed and endurance(耐力)seem amazing to the walkers. Some will come and walk for an hour. I'm running when they come and still running when they leave. I have whooshed by them twenty or more times.
As I circled the track with my long steady strides passing the walkers like lamp poles, I got to feel puffed-up. You don't have to tell me, but after the constant whooshing past far younger people, it goes to your mind.
Then he came.
He was short, perhaps five feet three. He didn't look like much of a runner. I saw him get out of the car and stretch as I whooshed by a couple holding hands.
He started running a few feet ahead of me.
He was fast. I sped up to keep up. At last, I had someone to pace myself against. After half a lap I was on his heels but my breath was coming harder and heavier. After the first lap I was gasping but still on his heels. After a lap and a half my foot started hurting.
I slowed down and got back to my pace. The pain in foot went away. I could breathe again without sounding like I had a lung disease. He sped away.
In a fairly short time, whoosh! He went past me.
In life, there will always be those slower and faster. Some have natural ability, and some have trained harder. For some, speed is simply their destiny.
The point is we each have our own speed and we often end up hurting ourselves and pushing ourselves to the point where the breath is knocked out of us because we are trying to keep up.
I learned several lessons that day.
1. What does the underlined word “puffed-up” in paragraph 5 probably mean?| A．Superior. | B．Breathless. |
| C．Dissatisfied. | D．Energetic. |
| A．He was suffering from a lung disease. |
| B．He decided it was not a fair competition. |
| C．He got hurt in the foot when trying to keep up. |
| D．He realized he was just trying to outrun someone else. |
| A．Don't judge the capabilities of others by how they look. |
| B．Don't run fast when you should be running slowly. |
| C．Don't run your race to the best of your ability in life. |
| D．Don't have somebody else be your pace setter. |
| A．Running: Keep up with others. |
| B．Speed: Run you own race. |
| C．Endurance: Say no to “give up”. |
| D．Destiny: Accept the fate. |
The Importance of Positive AttitudeA positive attitude is very important as it will make our life easier.
Those who have a positive attitude will treat any problem as a challenge. Instead of being discouraged, they will treat each failure as a lesson.
The situation can be the same for both the Guy A and Guy B.
If you learn to see the bright side of life when you’re surrounded by difficulties, you’ll be building your positive attitude fast.
| A．And they will be motivated to achieve the goal. |
| B．Having good attitudes provides many health benefits. |
| C．In life, not everything goes as smoothly as we want. |
| D．But with different attitudes, the results will be quite different. |
| E．They may have no approaches to solving the problems. |
| F．When you have a positive attitude towards everything, you will be happier. |
| G．The more you practise having a positive attitude, the easier and more natural it will come to you. |
【推荐1】Long ago, poems were recited out loud instead of being written down. Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest, performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to schoolwide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions, and then the 50 state champions, along with the District of Columbia champion came to Washington, D.C. last week for the last showdown. After the 51 champions competed against one another, 12 went on to the finals. Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, won a ＄20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on the page.
It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It’s the tone of voice, the pauses, the gestures, and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it,” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience, but memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry One Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills that can help them for life.
1. From the first paragraph, we can know ________.| A．the Greeks were the first to write poems. |
| B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting |
| C．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing |
| D．poems were spread orally in the past |
| A．Six. | B．Five. | C．Four. | D．Three. |
| A．offer something new to listeners | B．help listeners find their interest |
| C．make listeners learn the words | D．bring a new life to listeners |
| A．Reciting poems improves your memory. | B．Remembering a lot of poems is fun. |
| C．Poets have a great time. | D．Poetry rocks the microphone. |
【推荐2】Fed up with tourists who only come in to check out the scenery, the owners of Queviures Murria, a grocery store in Barcelona, Spain, have put up a sign announcing a 5 euro fee for coming in just to look.
Queviures Murria has been in business since 1898 and is one of the most eye-catching locations in all of Barcelona. The vintage (老式的) look of the store and the traditional design of the inside attract hundreds of tourists every day, but the problem is that many of them aren’t actually interested in the products sold inside—all kinds of traditional Spanish cured sausages, cold cuts, cured cheeses, oils, wines, etc. According to the store, many tourists enter the store without even saying a simple “hello”, wander around taking pictures, and then simply leave without buying anything. So it decided to charge people for “just looking” just to discourage them.
Toni Merino, one of the managers at Queviures Murria, said that the idea to charge tourists a fee for simply coming into the grocery store and looking around without buying anything started out as a joke, but as the staff and the regular customers became increasingly inconvenienced by random tourists looking around, taking pictures, with absolutely no interest in the products on display, they decided to do it.
Merino has clarified that he and his partners have no interest in actually charging the fee, and they don’t really have to anymore. By posting a warning about the 5 euro fee in the shop window, they have managed to discourage most unwanted visitors.
After photos of the 5-euro fee announcement in the window of Queviures Murria spread quickly on social media, the Barcelona business faced a public outcry, and it was forced to explain the reasons and clarify that it didn’t really plan on carrying on the measure.
1. What can we learn about Queviures Murria?| A．Tourists are not welcome there. |
| B．It has a history of nearly 100 years. |
| C．It charges people for taking photos. |
| D．Tourists prefer its design to the products sold there. |
| A．To earn a fame. |
| B．To attract more tourists. |
| C．To warn the impolite visitors. |
| D．To provide a convenient shopping environment. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Objective. | C．Supportive. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．A travel journal. | B．A news website. |
| C．A fashion magazine. | D．A debate program. |
【推荐3】Small endangered animals are often hard to find in their natural habitats (栖息地), making it difficult for scientists to spot them and develop conservation plans. But new technologies can help. Australian researchers have equipped flying drones (遥控飞机) with cameras so they can spot koalas hiding high in trees.
Koalas spend most of their lives in eucalyptus trees (桉树), whose leaves are their favorite food. Since the leaves are low in calories and nutritional content, koalas are not very active — they sleep up to 20 hours a day. Living in high branches, they are not easy to spot from the ground, and they have few natural predators (捕食者). The greatest threat to them is that lots of trees are being cut down. “Every single tree in Australia, right now, needs to be protected, and unless that happens I can promise you the koala is going to become extinct,” said Deborah Tabart, from the Australian Koala Foundation.
Scientists studying koalas say one of the keys to saving animals is to know where they live and how many of them are left. Using drones fitted with cameras to conduct a census (数目调查) was an untested concept. Queensland Institute of Technology technician Gavin Broadbent said they were doubtful at first. “But when we saw the images come through, we saw the koalas were very clear compared to the trees and the environment. So we thought, yes, this is absolutely a proof of a concept that could work,” he said.
The images sent back to a computer clearly show the animal’s position, even from a distance far enough away not to disturb its sleep. Scientists can scan the trees from all angles, picking out koalas even in the densest (稠密的) areas.
Scientists say it is now clear that drones with cameras can be used for spotting, and perhaps saving, other animals in the wild.
1. What can we learn about koalas from the second paragraph?| A．Koalas have nothing to eat but eucalyptus leaves. |
| B．Koalas’ food is high in calories, so they are fat. |
| C．Koalas are not very active because they like sleeping. |
| D．Koalas live in high branches so they are difficult to spot. |
| A．Hunting. | B．Their natural predators. |
| C．Destruction of their habitat. | D．Climate change. |
| A．It can be used to protect other animals in the world. |
| B．The pictures shot by the cameras clearly show koalas’ position. |
| C．It can be carried out without disturbing koalas’ sleep. |
| D．The koalas in the densest areas can be picked out with this method. |
| A．How Koalas Live in Australia |
| B．The Number of the Koalas Is Decreasing Sharply |
| C．Measures Must Be Taken to Protect Koalas’ Habitat |
| D．Drones Help Scientists Spot Endangered Koalas |
【推荐1】A large number of people want to grow their own garden, but they simply do not have the room. Do not worry. There is a solution. Consider container gardening.
The great thing about container gardening is that you can use a variety of different containers. You simply have to use your imagination. You could create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blocks, hanging baskets, clay pots, or window boxes. There are so many options when it comes to container gardening; it is only limited by your imagination.
Of course, you will want to take the following into consideration when you are ready to begin container gardening, in order for it to be successful.
First, you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood. This could lead to the sudden death of your flowers and lead to the failure of your container gardening.
With any container that you choose, you need to ensure that it allows the water in it to drain when necessary. So it may be important for you to create holes in the container to help this along. You should also make sure the containers are placed on a raised surface, not upon the floor, to ensure the best possible drainage.
Ensure that the containers you choose are appropriate (合适的) in size for the plants you choose. You need to prevent the roots from overgrowing the container.
If you like fresh veggies, you could consider container gardening with vegetables. This requires a process that differs from that of flower gardening. Talk to an employee at a supply store in your area. They can help you choose the right containers for the vegetables you are wishing to grow.
1. Which of the following may be improper materials for container gardening?| A．Cement blocks. | B．Treated wood. |
| C．Window boxes. | D．Clay pots. |
| A．To pick up. | B．To give up. |
| C．To flow away. | D．To gain popularity. |
| A．It needs special containers. | B．It requires more time. |
| C．It demands more water. | D．It seems much easier. |
| A．People who have a big yard. |
| B．Citizens who enjoy gardening. |
| C．Farmers who are good at gardening. |
| D．Children who like outdoor activities. |
【推荐2】Sidney Keys, 14-year-old, has started a youth-led book club program, with the support and help of his mom, to help empower both himself and many other boys with mental or physical problems through literature.
“I used to have a really bad stutter (结巴) and perform badly in school and I would get laughed at for it, ”Sidney Keys, the founder of the book club Books N Bros said. “Reading was kind of my escape from my stutter because in my head I was able to imagine things and play out all the events clearly.” He said, “I wanted to startup Books N Bros so that I could talk to other people, especially boys, about books I love in a relaxing way because it’s like a brotherhood”.
The reading club that he started at just 10 years old now has over 250 “bros” aged 7 to 13 from the U.S. and Canada, most of whom are changing actively and positively. Marvels Hero Project, which reveals the remarkable, positive change young men make in their communities across the country and turns them into superheroes, selected Keys to be featured in the Disney series.
“I always wanted to read books that had characters that looked like me, but now I see a comic book with me in it,” Keys said. “It’s unbelievable that my friends and teachers all call me my superhero name.”
As for the future of Books N Bros, Keys and his mom hope to expand the programs reach throughout the country. “Getting Books N Bros in schools across America, we don’t want transportation to be an issue for getting that physical brotherhood and bond. It just benefits so many people, and it keeps me going,” Keys explained.
1. What’s the main reason for Sidney Keys to build the club Books N Bros?| A．His mother’s support. | B．His poor school performance. |
| C．His own sufferings. | D．His desire to talk to people. |
| A．Because he was called a superhero by people. |
| B．Because he made a difference to others. |
| C．Because he was brave to face his shortcomings. |
| D．Because he looked like a role in the Disney series. |
| A．Confused. | B．Curious. | C．Touched. | D．Proud. |
| A．How Sidney Keys and Books N Bros affect other people. |
| B．How Marvels Hero Project creates a superhero. |
| C．How a teenager gets help from Marvels Hero Project. |
| D．How a music club becomes a hit across America. |
【推荐3】'How lucky you are to be a doctor...' Anyone who's a doctor is right out of luck, I thought. Anyone who's studying medicine should have his head examined.
You may think I want to change my job. Well, at the moment I do. As one of my friends says—even doctors have a few friends——it's all experience. Experience! I don't need such experience. I need a warm, comfortable, undisturbed bed all my own. I need it badly. I need all telephones to be thrown down the nearest well, that's what I need.
All these thoughts fly round my head as I drive my Mini through the foggy streets of East London at 3:45 a.m. on a December morning. I am a ministering angel（救死扶伤的天使）in a Mini with a heavy coat and a bag of medicines. As I speed down Lea Bridge in the dark at this horrible morning hour, the heater first blowing hot then cold, my back aching from the car-seat, I do not feel like a ministering angel I wish I were on the beach in southern France. Call me a bad doctor if you like. Call me what you will. But don't call me at half past three on a December morning for an ear-ache that you have had for two weeks.
Of course, being a doctor isn't really all bad. We do have our moments. Once in a while people are ill, once in a while you can help, once in a while you get given a cup of tea and rock-hard cake at two o'clock in the morning- then you worry if you have done everything. But all too often 'everything? is a repetitious（重复的）rule: look, listen, feel, tap. Pills, infection（注射），phone, ambulance（救护车），away to the next.
And then there is always the cool, warm voice of the girl on the switchboard of the emergency bed service who will get your patient into hospital for you—the pleasant voice that comes to you as you stand in the cold, dark, smelly, dirty telephone box somewhere in a dangerous section of town. Oh, it has its moments, this life does.
1. By saying "Anyone who's studying medicine should have his head examined," in the first paragraph, the writher wants to tell us________.| A．those who want to be doctors are crazy |
| B．a doctor must be mentally strong so that he can meet any difficult situation |
| C．a medical student should have a very good memory |
| D．to be a doctor is a challenge for people's mental health |
| A．The writer wishes he could have a quiet, undisturbed night in bed at home. |
| B．One of his friends says that being a doctor helps one gain experience. |
| C．He hates the telephone as a modern means of communication. |
| D．He is not happy with the small and uncomfortable car he is driving. |
| A．we doctors are called at a moment's notice to see people who need medical treatment |
| B．usually we are glad that we can do something to help the sick |
| C．sometimes we find people are thankful for our help |
| D．there are chances that doctors find their work rewarding and satisfying |
| A．is a bad doctor, unwilling to make a house call during the night-time |
| B．is so dissatisfied with his job that he wishes to find a new one |
| C．is satisfied with his job but he hates to be called out unnecessarily |
| D．thinks a doctor can enjoy certain special rights whether he felt lucky or not |
| A．By analyzing some facts that the patients are hard to deal with. |
| B．By offering some facts of working time and conditions. |
| C．By comparing the job of being a doctor with other jobs. |
| D．By drawing a conclusion that being a doctor is unwise. |
【推荐1】A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University.
Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society.
In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities，such as son，daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their multiple physical attributes，such as a mouth，arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasks
Children who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive(蜂窝)high up in a tree，these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool(凳子). In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identified smiling faces such as unsmiling ones, and old and young faces. The other children，meanwhile, primarily grouped people’s faces by race and gender(性别).
The-study suggests ways to promote flexible thinking for the young, which could be especially valuable for teachers." Gaither said.
“We have this tendency in our society to only think about ourselves in connection with one important group at a time，” Gaither said. “When kids think that they have various identities，they show greater abilities. ’’
1. What are all the kids asked to do in the experiments?| A．Play different kinds of roles. | B．Remind others of their roles. |
| C．Approach several tasks. | D．Classify a group of tasks. |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By using experts’ words. |
| C．By listing a few figures. | D．By showing cause and effect. |
| A．Improving 5 kids flexible thinking ability is important teaching. |
| B．Kids tend to behave selflessly after thinking about their roles. |
| C．Kids’ creative thinking ability is easy to discover and develop. |
| D．Teachers are supposed to make the most of the kids’ flexibility. |
| A．Kids' Social Abilities Are Consistent with. Their Education |
| B．Considering Their Various Roles Improves Kids’ Abilities |
| C．Kids Have a Variety of Identities in Their Daily Life. |
| D．Problem-solving Ability Is Necessary for Most Kids. |
【推荐2】We often hear that 60 is the new 50. Just check out images of your grandparents or great-grandparents and notice their stooped (驼背的) bodies, their wrinkled faces when they were barely pushing 60. What a contrast with energetic, gym-going sexagenarians (60几岁的人) of today!
A research, overseen by gerontologist Taina Rantanen, compared adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. Both birth groups were examined in person at age 60 and again at 70 with the same set of six physical tests and five measures of cognition.
According to the research, the later-born group could walk faster, had a stronger hand grasp and could use more force with their lower legs. On cognitive tests, the later-born group had better verbal fluency, and scored higher on a test matching numbers to symbols. But not everything changed across the generations: measures of lung function were surprisingly not changing, and there was no improvement in the short-term-memory task of recalling a series of digits.
There are many reasons why people are aging better, including improved medical care and a drop in smoking, but the key factor shown in the study of physical function was that the later-born adults were more physically active and had bigger bodies, which suggests better nutrition. For brain function, the key seems to be more years of education.
Education is a powerful influence on aging and health, says Luigi Ferrucci, scientific director of the U.S. National Institute on Aging: “With more education, you are probably going to have a larger income, which means you are more likely to go to the doctor, and have good nutrition.” He also points out that the average life span is seven years shorter in a poor state such as Mississippi than in a wealthier one such as California. “Here we still have lots of people who cannot take the drugs they need because they cannot pay for them,” he says. In short, 60 may be the new 50 for many of us but not for all.
1. How does the writer begin the passage?| A．By imagining a scene. | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By raising a question. | D．By presenting an image. |
| A．Everything didn’t change across the generations. |
| B．The later-born group could hardly grasp things more tightly. |
| C．The later-born group did worse in matching numbers to symbols. |
| D．There was a little improvement in short-term memory in both groups. |
| A．Improved medical care. | B．Education. |
| C．Better nutrition. | D．Energetic images. |
| A．Many reasons contribute to people’s better physical function. |
| B．Today’s energetic sexagenarians have much better images. |
| C．Education is the key to people’s aging better. |
| D．People today are aging better in many ways. |
"Women tend to be social in their behavior．They often share with others．But men lend to be competitive．They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan．
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions （互动） such as falling in love or giving birth．
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy．
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship．
Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37．Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin．The other half received placebo （安慰剂）．
After a week, the two groups switched with participants．They went through the same procedure with the other material．
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions．Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions．The questions were about telling friendship from competition．And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions．
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better．
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions．And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors （因素） that are mainly hormonal．"
1. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?
| A．Placebo． | B．Oxytocin． |
| C．The gesture． | D．The social status． |
| A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way． |
| B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love． |
| C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success． |
| D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences． |
| A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions． |
| B．To know the differences between friendship and competition． |
| C．To know people's different abilities to answer questions． |
| D．To test people's understanding of body language． |
| A．explaining people's behaviors |
| B．describing his own experiences |
| C．distinguishing sexual differences |
| D．discussing research experiments |
