The desert locust (蝗虫) is the most dangerous migratory pest with a huge appetite unmatched in the insect world. In just one day, a swarm of locusts the size of Paris could consume the same amount of food as half the population of France. They annually reproduce, concentrate and then form swarms that can move up to 150 kilometers per day.
To control these swarms, some experts think drone (无人机) technology could provide survey and control teams with an inexpensive and efficient method of searching for these destructive insects.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) — also known as drones — could be used to automatically collect high-resolution imagery of green, vegetated areas potentially affected by locusts.
Controlled by a hand-held tablet, the UAV would follow a pre-programmed flight path, covering a 100 kilometer survey radius to collect data. Then the survey teams use the data to identify areas that seem most likely to harbor locusts and travel directly to suspicious locations. Once the team reaches such an area, the UAV could be launched to fly overhead and identify other nearby areas affected by locusts that may require treatment. A separately controlled UAV could then be used to administer pesticides directly onto the locust concentrations. UAVs could also be used to check for locusts in areas that are insecure or cannot be accessed by ground teams.
Pest control operations would become safer, as human operators would no longer be exposed to potentially dangerous pesticides while getting rid of the insects. They would also become more effective, since drones would be able to spray pesticides precisely.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is currently working with university researchers and private sector partners in Europe to address challenges of drone technology concerning design, endurance, power, and detection of green vegetation and locusts. The FAO remains hopeful that within five years, UAVs will play an essential role in protecting food supplies and livelihoods from the desert locust, as part of the fight against global hunger and poverty.
1. What does the author try to express by mentioning France in Paragraph 1?A.Desert locusts are a great threat to food supply. |
B.France is one of the disaster areas affected by desert locusts. |
C.It’s hard to deal with the problems caused by desert locusts. |
D.Desert locusts are a migratory pest that can travel extremely fast. |
A.To detect desert locusts. | B.To locate the affected locations. |
C.To kill desert locusts effectively. | D.To free operators from chemicals. |
A.They are convenient but expensive. | B.They are creative but time-consuming. |
C.They are safe but hard to operate. | D.They are smart but still need improving. |
A.Preventing the Spread of Desert Locusts |
B.FAO Continues Fighting Against Locusts |
C.Massive Locusts Threaten Millions of People |
D.Locust Control Throug hout History |
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【推荐1】As a shift in the polar vortex (极地涡旋) swept across much of the US, many people in the country were hit with a sudden snap of cold. Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused the outages in major cities, with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored.
Polar vortices were noticed long ago. But the first known use of the term “polar vortex” was in a magazine in 1853. Polar vortices are present year-round, but we don’t hear about them until they cause problems. They maintain freezing temperatures at the North and South poles by moving in tight counter-clockwise patterns. Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in summer. They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current called the jet stream. However, when the jet streams weaken, the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention!
In Texas, roads froze over, causing six traffic deaths, and many schools were shut-down. People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold. Crops and animals are also freezing. This could have major consequences, especially if herds of cattle die. If snow blocks cattle, the animals can’t reach basic necessities like food and fresh water.
On a brighter note, some Texas cities were more prepared than others. For instance, Amarillo, which is located in North Texas, so they are more accustomed to colder temperatures. Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms. Officials have spread out fire stations to increase coverage of first responders, employed modified dump trucks for clearing ice, and upgraded civic centers to provide shelter during storms. Hopefully, other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo!
1. What does the underlined word “outages” refer to?A.Traffic jams. | B.Power struggles. |
C.Power cuts. | D.Traffic accidents. |
A.They grow stronger in summer. | B.They are affected by jet streams. |
C.They were first observed in 1853. | D.They move in a clockwise direction. |
A.The definition of the polar vortex. | B.The characteristics of the polar vortex. |
C.The ways to deal with the polar vortex. | D.The serious impact made by the polar vortex. |
A.Because it is located in the north of Texas. |
B.Because it has been upgraded and modernized. |
C.Because it has been regarded as an example to other cities. |
D.Because it has taken effective measures to resist winter storms. |
【推荐2】Landslides ( 山体滑坡 ) occur when large amounts of wet debris ( 碎片 ), including rocks, earth, and trees, slide down a slope ( 斜 坡 ). They may occur as a result of fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, or human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerous because they strike suddenly, move at extremely high speeds, and travel long distances. Although landslides are often difficult to predict, you can prepare for a landslide by following proper safety rules, ensure that you’re familiar with the warning signs, and making an emergency plan.
Become familiar with the land around where you live and work so that you understand your risk in different situations.
Learn about local emergency response plans.
Stay alert and awake in danger. Many deaths from landslides occur while people are sleeping.
Listen for unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking ( 爆裂声 ). If you are near a stream or river, be watchful for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow and notice whether the water changes from clear to muddy. Such changes may mean there is debris flow activity upstream, so be prepared to move quickly.
Listen to local news stations on a battery-powered radio for warnings of heavy rainfall.
Consider leaving if it is safe to do so.
If you suspect a danger, evacuate ( 撤退) immediately. Inform your neighbours if you can, and contact your public works, fire or police department.
Be especially alert when driving-watch for collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks and other indications of possible debris flow.
Talk to everyone in your family what to do if a landslide occurs. Create and practise an evacuation plan for your family and your business.
1. Which of the following is true about landslide?A.It strikes slowly. |
B.It can be easily predicted. |
C.Too much debris causes damage. |
D.You needn’t prepare for it. |
A.Trees cracking. |
B.Heavy rainfall. |
C.Sudden increase or decrease in water flow. |
D.Water changing from clear to muddy. |
A.Listen to local news stations. |
B.Create an evacuation plan. |
C.Leave at once with your family. |
D.Stay in your neighbour’s house. |
【推荐3】Over the past few months huge groups of locusts(蝗虫), one of which occupied an area more than three times the size of New York City, have eaten up crops across the Home of Africa and the Middle East, leaving an estimated 20 million people at risk of famine(饥荒). The first generation's eggs are starting to hatch, and now even bigger swarms(虫群) are forming threatening. Countries from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Yemen, Iran, Pakistan and India, “representing a threat to food security and livelihoods,” says the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO).
Desert locusts' populations explode when weather conditions are right. That explosion can create huge swarms that can travel great distance-more than 90 miles in a day-in search of food. Warm weather and unusually heavy rains in the Horn of Africa at the end of 2019 provided the moist(湿润的) soil necessary for hatching eggs. From there, the insects spread rapidly, resulting in one of the worst outbreaks the region has seen in more than 70 years.
A typical swarm numbering 4 billion to 8 billion locusts, can consume in one day the same amount of food as 35 million people. Some swarms have been so thick in parts of Kenya that they have prevented planes from taking off. Governments have used widespread aerial spraying of pesticides when available; in poorer regions, where aircraft are unavailable, soldiers battle the swarms with handheld spray pump.
The FAO has appealed for $138 million to support affected communities, If the locusts are not stopped before the next generation hatches, the impact could be terrible: the FAO guesses that an additional 25 million people across the region could lose their crops. Scientists in Kenya hope a new computer-assisted tracking program that combines satellite data with weather-mapping software will help predict the swarms next destination, buying-regional authorities enough time to prepare a response. Buy coronavirus- related travel restriction have delayed relief efforts as well as response mechanisms. The locusts have no such travel limitations.
1. The author uses many statistics in the passage to show_____A.the disastrous consequence of the outbreaks of locusts |
B.the serious conditions facing the New York City |
C.the speed of swarms of locusts travelling |
D.the exact number of crops consumed by locusts |
A.The great distances locusts can travel. |
B.The explosion of locusts' population. |
C.The perfect conditions for hatching their eggs. |
D.The result of the unusual outbreaks of locusts. |
A.The travel restrictions may probably worsen the urgent situation. |
B.It is unlikely to predict the swarms' next destination now. |
C.A lot of money has been raised after the FAO's appeal |
D.It's not difficult for humans to win the battle against the locust |
【推荐1】People with dementia (痴呆) often lose their ability to communicate with beloved ones in later stages of the disease. But a new study shows how that gap can be bridged with a new method of music involvement, called “Musical Bridges to Memory”.
In the study, people with dementia and their care partners first had training in how to communicate better with music on. After this, a group of musicians played music that a patient loved from his younger days. This created an emotional connection between a patient and his caregiver by allowing them to get involved in singing, dancing and playing simple instruments. The behavior of the patients and caregivers was recorded on video.
A group conversation followed the music. Patients who became more socially involved were found to have more eye contact, more concentration and an improved mood. In comparison, the control group, who did not receive the special treatment and kept usual daily care and programs, did not show such changes.
The study is unusual because it is aimed at patients with dementia and their caregivers. Most previous studies using music for patients with dementia have focused only on the patients. “Patients are able to be connected with partners through music,” said Dr. Borna Bonakdarpour, lead author of the study. “The family and friends of people with dementia are also influenced by it. It’s painful for them when they can’t connect with the person they love. When language is no longer possible, music gives them a bridge.”
Music memories often remain in the brain even as language and other memories disappear because of dementia. This is because regions of the brain that are involved in musical memory are not influenced by dementia until the final stages of the disease. Thus, patients can have the ability to dance and sing long after their ability to talk disappear. The program also improved patients social involvement and reduced anxiety in both patients and caregivers.
1. What were the patients in the study encouraged to do?A.Watch music videos together with caregivers. |
B.Talk with musicians about their younger days. |
C.Join in the performance of their beloved music. |
D.Learn to remember words in their favorite songs. |
A.Their language ability greatly improved. |
B.They could perform simple daily activities. |
C.Their communication with others became active. |
D.They showed an interest in learning an instrument. |
A.It is special due to the group conversation. |
B.It will help connect patients with their loved ones. |
C.It is the first to use music as a medical treatment. |
D.It invites patients’ family members to be their caregivers. |
A.People enjoy singing and dancing by nature. |
B.Music is easier to understand than language. |
C.Beautiful songs can bring back happy memories. |
D.Dementia seldom influences brain regions related to music. |
【推荐2】Recently, research on how a new virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) experience educated primary children about the fire disasters was done. It was developed by the University of South Australia, aiming to educate children to learn how to be safer in a fire.
Focusing on children aged 10-12 years old, the new VR experience presents a situation where children are tasked to look after a friend’s dog just before a fire event begins to spread. They participate in a series of problem-solving activities to help save and protect themselves and the dog.
The findings showed that more than 80 percent of children reported that they felt more confident to calmly assess the situation and make wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire. This isl especially important considering that 91 percent of participants originally lacked any knowledge of fires, and that 67 percent had said that they were too young to make safety decisions in a fire.
The researchers believed such immersive (沉浸式的) VR experiences had real potential (潜力) to attract and educate the young. “As children born in digital times, they are interested in such technology and they can experience events realistically yet within the safe environment.” said Delene Weber, one of the researchers. “Well-designed VR can provide a chance for children to apply newly-acquired knowledge, strengthen their learnt concepts, and enable immediate reaction—all incredibly valuable learning tools.”
Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren’t as physically strong, and are less likely to have learned much about fire safety, they’re often most at risk. Yet the ability for children to contribute to fire safety at their household should not be underestimated (低估).
“Children do not need to be passively attacked by disasters and with purpose-built virtual reality experiences such as these, we can help children understand the risks and realize they can help,” said Weber.
1. How does the new VR experience try to educate children?A.By introducing a virtual friend to them. | B.By finding the causes of a fire event. |
C.By letting them solve virtual problems. | D.By guiding them to ask a dog for help. |
A.Many children found it hard to adapt to them. |
B.They helped children deal with fire postively. |
C.They benefited children with knowledge of animals. |
D.Most children had a misunderstanding about them. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Indifferent. | C.Disapproving. | D.Supportive. |
A.VR experiences educate kids to survive a fire | B.VR experiences make learning easier for kids |
C.VR education appeals to the young generation | D.VR technology makes no sense in fighting a fire. |
【推荐3】Surrounding Science
A new Science Museum app explores common objects in the world around you. If you’ve played the mobile game Pokémon Go, you’ll know that its monsters can be found wherever you walk. Now the technology behind that game is being used for a new app from the Science Museum.
It’s called Wonderlab AR and is free to download from the app stores on Apple and Android mobile phones. The aim is to encourage people to get outside and learn about the science in our everyday environment—from traffic lights and electric car charging points to cashpoints, telephones and even toilets. Instead of catching monsters, in this game you’re looking for “discoveries” (as the app calls them) from different fields of science: including electricity, forces, light, maths and sound. The app uses augmented-reality (AR) technology from a company called Niantic, which is best known as the developer of Pokémon Go.
That’s why Wonderlab AR looks quite a lot like that game, showing you a map of the “discoveries” in your current location in the real world. You’ll see them on the map but to collect them, you have to walk to their real-world location. Although the Science Museum is in London, the app works anywhere in the country and there are lots of things to discover near you.
Alongside the app, there is also a new website from the Science Museum called Wonderlab+ (tinyurl. com/TWJ-Wonderlab). This site is for young people aged seven to 15 years old and is a mixture of fun maths and science hands-on activities, including YouTube videos, online quizzes, questions and games.
Both the app and website are based on the Wonderlab galleries that people can visit at the Science Museum in London and the National Science and Media Museum in Bradford, England. The app and website allow people who live in other parts of the UK to learn more about the science of everyday objects and experience the exhibitions.
1. With the new app Wonderlab AR, you can________.A.learn about science around you |
B.visit the science museum online |
C.catch monsters like in Pokémon Go |
D.locate any science museums nearby |
A.is designed for both children and adults |
B.answers people’s questions about science |
C.shares various resources about science |
D.provides a chance to experiment in the labs |
A.invite people to go to the science museum |
B.attract children’s attention to science learning |
C.introduce a new science museum app and a website |
D.compare the differences between the app and the website |