There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered animals and natural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed below, you can write to the addresses given.
 Friend of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy. Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P.O. Box 19199 1000 G.D. Amsterdam The Netherlands |  Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to protect the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear power. Greenpeace International Keizergracht 176 1016 D W Amsterdam The Netherlands |
 BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world. BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambirdge CB30NA England |  WWF—World Wide Fund For Nature is the World’s largest private international organization for the conservation of nature and endangered species. Information Officer WWF International Avenve du Mont-Blanc 1196Gland Switzerland |
1. If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can________.
| A．call them | B．write them a letter |
| C．visit them | D．send them an e-mail |
| A．reduce pollution | B．protect rainforests |
| C．protect ocean animals | D．save endangered birds |
| A．Friends of the Earth | B．World Wide Fund For Nature |
| C．Greenpeace | D．BirdLife International |
| A．Environmental Protection Organizations | B．Global Traffic Problems |
| C．Endangered Animals | D．Natural Beauty |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The famous French beauty company L’Oreal has promised that by 2030, 95 percent of its ingredients will come from renewable plant sources and be respectful of the environment. Asked what is driving the beauty industry to clean and green beauty, Laurent Gilbert, one of L’Oreal’s directors said, “Natural science has made progress in the past years, so that we can change to natural ingredients.”
L’Oreal says it will draw on recent developments in Green Sciences to get the best that nature has to offer through technology. Up to now, 80 percent of the Group’s materials have been easily biodegradable, 59 percent have been renewable, and 34 percent have been natural or of natural origin. And 29 percent of the ingredients used in their products were developed following the rules of Green Chemistry.
“We have already used active ingredients which are plant-based. The way we are getting and producing ingredients will change. For example, we are now fully getting vitamin C from biotechnology processes, which was not the case in the past,” Gilbert added.
As part of their sustainability program, the brand had also promised to use less plastic. It said, “By 2030, 100 percent of the plastics used in L’Oreal’s products’ packaging will be from recycled sources. We have a strong policy to help reach that goal. Besides making it recycled, we are trying to move to a new kind of packaging.”
“All our promises are global. We have two research centers in India, one in Bengaluru and one in Mumbai. Those are really important to those goals. The Bengaluru one is being specialized in natural ingredients. It will give support to this change,” says the research center, which was set up in India in 1994.
To achieve these aims, L’Oreal has brought all of its resources in Green Science together, including recent progress in agricultural economics, together with new developments in biotechnology, Green Chemistry and modelling tools. The Group is also building strong relationships with universities, new companies and its own material supplies.
1. What plays an important role in L’Oreal’s decision to change its ingredients?| A．The support from the local government. | B．The development of natural science. |
| C．The call for smart spending habits. | D．The research on target markets. |
| A．By listing data. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By telling personal stories. | D．By showing causes and effects. |
| A．To bring convenience to customers. | B．To avoid damage to its products. |
| C．To cut the cost of packaging. | D．To reduce plastic use. |
| A．Develop new resources and join hands with different groups. |
| B．Limit the number of factories in developed countries. |
| C．Grow more plants and invite plenty of professionals. |
| D．Keep the traditional way of producing materials. |
【推荐2】Every day we make choices that affect the environment and people living on the earth. From the clothes on our back and the food we eat to how we travel to work, every decision we make has an effect on the planet.
Sustainability doesn’t have to require huge, life-changing decisions.
Living sustainably simply requires a little more thought about our diets, what kind of toiletries and cosmetics(化妆品) we use, and how much waste we create in general.
One of the first things people tend to focus on when they first decide to live more sustainably is single-use plastic. Plastic bottles, bags, coffee cups and fresh produce wrappers are all non-recyclable.
Living sustainably brings many benefits. The most obvious one is that you’re less responsible for causing daily damage to the environment. Sustainable living also provides a handy opportunity to live healthier. In short, sustainable living is healthier and cheaper.
| A．Once we're aware of these things |
| B．Sustainable living is certainly possible |
| C．Although it may seem like a harmless act |
| D．And it's the most responsible choice for the planet |
| E．Since we know that having a positive effect on the planet is important |
| F．The present generations are the most environmentally conscious in history |
| G．It means reducing our demand for natural resources by making a few small daily changes |
【推荐3】To many people, honey bees symbolize wealth, sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.
For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to “save the bees”, raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens - myself once included-to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.
“Beekeeping is for people; it’s not a conservation practice,” says Shelly Smith, an environmental science professor. “People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That’s wrong.”
Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people’s attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist’s point of view, native bees are the ones in more need of support.
“To make matters worse, beekeeping companies and various non-science-based projects have financially benefited from the decline of native bee populations,” Smith explains. “These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations.”
The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food, putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition — that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
1. Which statement does the writer argue for?| A．Honey bees endanger native bees. |
| B．Honey bees are a symbol of wealth. |
| C．Honey bees are important for agriculture. |
| D．Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems. |
| A．Beekeeping is a still-popular traditional hobby. |
| B．The media is responsible for misleading the public. |
| C．Citizens’ attempts to protect the environment are effective. |
| D．The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses. |
| A．By listing examples. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By analyzing survey data. |
| D．By explaining cause and effect. |
【推荐1】Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations (接种疫苗) for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.
Those who will receive the vaccines include nursing home kitchen workers, security guards and cleaners. Beijing Daily reported on Friday.
Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents，said they have received the document recently and will strictly follow its guidance.
It’s our top duty to strengthen prevention and control," Xing said, adding they have been using methods such as keeping detailed records of resident contacts outside the nursing home, and encouraging online visits for family members.
As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents, their family members and workers before giving vaccines.
In late October, Shaoxing, Zhejiang province carried out an emergency COVTD-19 vaccine program, allowing the public to ask for injections in advance, with key groups first. A similar program was also organized in Jiaxing, Ningbo and Yiwu in Zhejiang.
Nationwide, emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials (临床试验).
The document from Beijing also said nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing (核酸检测) every month among kitchen workers and residents who leave the nursing homes to see a doctor. Tests will cover all people in nursing homes considered at high risk if new infections are reported in the city. Besides, routine disinfections (消毒) should be strengthened in kitchens, storerooms and restrooms, it said. The document also recommended noncontact visits from family members.
1. Where can you probably find this article?| A．In a newspaper. |
| B．In a fashion magazine. |
| C．In a book review. |
| D．In a travel journal. |
| A．The nursing home kept detailed records of residents, |
| B．All the members will make preparations for injections. |
| C．The nursing home takes prevention and control seriously. |
| D．Jiaxing is the first city to have carried out an emergency program. |
| A．Nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing. |
| B．Beijing nursing homes are to be provided vaccines. |
| C．Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June. |
| D．Routine disinfections should be strengthened in kitchens. |
| A．How the nursing homes conduct nucleic acid testing. |
| B．The related news about the elderly and caregivers’ being provided vaccines. |
| C．Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June. |
| D．The government’s duty to strengthen prevention and control. |
【推荐2】Heavy clouds threaten rain, but this doesn’t seem to weaken the spirits of the gardeners who are cheerfully weeding in a community vegetable garden which lies deep inside Manguinhos, previously a rubbish dump.
The Manguinbos garden is part of the Hortas Cariocas project (Carioca Gardens). Launched in 2006 by Julio Cesar Barros, an agriculturist who works for the government, the project now includes 55 gardens that are located either in schools or in ‘vulnerable’ neighbourhoods, such as favelas (棚户区). The gardens produce organic food that is then supplied to feed low-income families around.
Barros explains that the expansion of the largest garden which will benefit five nearby favelas is under way. It will follow the same model as existing gardens. Each of the five favelas will provide a team of local gardeners. Half of the produce must be donated locally, but the team is then free to sell the other half, adding to the salary they receive,
Hortas Cariocas is run and funded by the government, but each garden is tended by a group of locals who receive a small salary for their work. The favela residents involved in the gardens are nevertheless enthusiastic about the project’s other benefits, such as education and bringing people happiness. “I always tell people, ‘Hortas Cariocas’ is the name of the project, but its surname is ‘Saving Lives’,” says Ezequiel Dias Areas, who manages the team of gardeners in Manguinhos. Dias Areas was unemployed for five years before getting involved in 2013. Without the garden “today I might be doing something illegal, I might be dead, I might be in prison”, he says.
Douglas dos Santos, a 30-year-old father-of-four, tells his story. “I feel valued,” he says, explaining how he learned about agriculture via the project. Despite his pride, dos Santos isn’t blind to the project’s shortcomings. He readily admits that juggling a pleasant relationship with the favela’s residents’ association is no easy task.
1. Where may the vegetable gardens be?| A．In some football pitches. | B．In Barros’ neighbourhood. |
| C．In low-income communities. | D．In local government yards. |
| A．Benefits of it are many-sided. | B．Local gardeners work for it for free. |
| C．The produce is sold by the government. | D．It is financially supported by the locals. |
| A．Negative | B．Suspicious | C．Objective | D．Not clear |
| A．Organic Farming | B．Life-saving Gardens |
| C．A Wise Agriculturist | D．Hard-working Gardeners |
【推荐3】A British energy supplier has apologized for the “poorly judged and unhelpful” advice sent to customers which suggested they could snuggle(依偎) up to their pets and exercise to cut back on their heating bills.
SSE,which is owned by OVO Energy, suggested 10 “simple and cost effective ways to keep warm this winter,” according to the Financial Times. Eating bowls of oatmeal, doing star jumps and cuddling pets were among the recommendations on the now-deleted web page.
In a statement sent to CNN Tuesday, a spokesperson for OVO Energy said, “Recently a link to a blog containing energy saving tips was sent to customers. We understand how difficult the situation will be for many of our customers this year.” The spokesperson added, “We are working hard to find meaningful solutions as we approach this energy crisis, and we recognize that the content of this blog was poorly judged and unhelpful.We are embarrassed and sincerely apologize.”
Some British businesses and households have seen their energy bills rise in recent months, as suppliers deal with a sharp rise in wholesale gas prices. British consumers will pay roughly f790 more to heat and light their homes this year, according to Bank of America. Wholesale European gas prices have jumped by 400% over the previous year and electricity prices have increased by 300%, the bank’s analysts said last week. The increases have been driven by cold weather, nuclear plant outages in France and reduced gas flow from Russia.
According to National Energy Action, more than 4 million UK households are facing fuel poverty—a figure which the charity believes could rise by 2 million in April when a cap(上限) on energy prices is expected to increase.
OVO Energy removed its advice after a wave of angry responses from lawmakers and campaigners. Following the apology, British lawmaker Darren Jones, who chairs Parliament’s business select committee, tweeted: “Good, I’m glad they apologized. I’m not sure who signed off a marketing campaign telling people to wear a jumper and eat porridge instead of turning on the heating if you can’t afford it.”
1. Why did OVO Energy apologize for its advice on the ways of keeping warm sent to customers?| A．The advice is difficult to follow. |
| B．The ways are too simple and costly. |
| C．The suggestions are ineffective solutions. |
| D．The blog was not widely viewed by customers. |
| A．The gas flow from Russia has increased greatly. |
| B．Customers can’t afford the increasing price of coal. |
| C．The British government has found meaningful methods to face it. |
| D．Energy bills rise too sharply in winter for most UK households. |
| A．He signed off the marketing campaign. |
| B．He is pleased with OVO Energy’s apology. |
| C．He is angry about the advice sent by OVO energy. |
| D．He suggests turning off the heating when people can’t afford it. |
| A．A website page. | B．A science fiction | C．A blog | D．A newspaper |
【推荐1】It takes a certain quickness to pick a strawberry or a salad. While crops （农作物）like wheat and potatoes have been harvested by machine for decades, many fruits and vegetables have proved resistant （有抵抗的）to automation. They are too easily damaged, or too hard for heavy farm machinery to locate.
But recently, technological developments and advances in machine learning have led to successful trying of more sensitive and skillful robots, which use cameras and artificial intelligence （Al） to locate ripe fruit and handle it carefully and exactly.
Developed by engineers at the University of Cambridge, the Vegebot is the first robot that can identify and harvest iceberg lettuce - bringing hope to farmers that one of the most demanding crops for human pickers could finally be automated.
First, a camera scans （扫描）the lettuce and, with the help of a machine learning calculation trained on more than a thousand lettuce images, decides if it is ready for harvest. Then a second camera guides the picking cage on top of the plant without breaking it. Sensors feel when it is in the right position, and pressed air drives a blade through the stalk （柄）at a high force to get a clean cut.
Its success rate is high, with 91% of the crop accurately classified, according to a study published in July. But the robot is still much slower than humans, taking 31 seconds on average to pick one lettuce. Researchers say this could easily be sped up by using lighter materials.
Such adjustments would need to be made if the robot was used commercially （商业地）. "Our goal was to prove you can do it, and we've done it,” Simon Birrell, co-author of the study, tells CNN Business. "Now it depends on somebody taking the baton （指挥棒）and running forward," he says.
1. Why does the writer mention strawberry and salad in the first paragraph?| A．To attract readers' attention to the fruits. |
| B．To show the fast speed of picking fruits. |
| C．To indicate a lot of crops can be easily damaged. |
| D．To suggest machines can't handle soft fruits easily. |
| A．It uses machine learning calculation to harvest. |
| B．It is demanded by human pickers. |
| C．It can be sped up by using heavier materials. |
| D．It performs faster than human pickers. |
| A．The working of the camera's scanning the lettuce. |
| B．The process of the Vegebot's harvesting the lettuce. |
| C．The reason for the camera's guiding the picking cage. |
| D．The result of sensors' cutting the stalk at a high force. |
| A．He will enable the robot to run forward. |
| B．He has already commercialized the Vegebot. |
| C．He needs a pioneer to use the Vegebot first. |
| D．He wants to prove human pickers are losers. |
【推荐2】The endangered pandas in Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food—bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.
Adult pandas spend most part of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature and Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of rising temperature worldwide.
A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate changes. “80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century.” said Liu Jianguo, one of the report’s authors. He added, “This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in the Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening around the world.”
In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger natural reserves.
“But it is far from being enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese,” said Shirley Martin from World Wildlife Fund but not a member of the team.
The Qinling Mountains, in the southwest of China, are home to about 260 pandas. That is about 13% of the Chinas wild panda population. In addition, about 375 are living in research centers and zoos in China.
1. Which can be the best title for the text?| A．Necessity to Change Pandas’ Food | B．A New Threat Faced by the Pandas |
| C．The Disappearance of Bamboo | D．Efforts Made to Save Pandas |
| A．Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in Qinling Mountains. |
| B．Pandas in Qinling Mountains are just threatened by the loss of food. |
| C．Lots of the bamboo in Qinling Mountains will possibly disappear. |
| D．Qinling Mountains cannot provide enough bamboo for the pandas. |
| A．Bamboo is sensitive to the changes of temperature. |
| B．China needs more help from World wildlife Fund. |
| C．China is making great efforts to protect the pandas. |
| D．It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5 degrees. |
| A．About 2,000. | B．About 635. | C．About 260. | D．About 2,635. |
【推荐3】Most adults view human life as especially precious. For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose.
However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Matti Wilks and her colleagues at the University of Edinburgh presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios (场景) based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem.
The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee (大猩猩). Surprisingly, children were likely to save a dog over a person. About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 percent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritized the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 percent of adults.
“Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s morally (道德上) important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner.
The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person.
1. What is the author’s purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To present a scientific finding. |
| B．To advertise for self-driving cars. |
| C．To provide background information. |
| D．To introduce the topic of the passage. |
| A．Children may fail to understand the value of human life. |
| B．Children’s moral development is shaped by the love for pets. |
| C．The trolley problem is a tool to assess children’s understanding. |
| D．Most children in the experiment prefer to save a dog over a person. |
| A．Cultural influence. |
| B．Familiarity with others. |
| C．Learning the blanket rule. |
| D．Care for parents and teachers. |
| A．Moral Dilemma: the Trolley Problem |
| B．Different Opinions about Self-driving Cars |
| C．Children’s Choices: Saving Lives or Animals? |
| D．Psychological Effects of Animals on Children |
