Fashion designers produce all types of clothes from casual to formal, and they are sometimes involved in creating wearable products like smartwatches or accessories like hats, handbags and shoes. They also sometimes make costumes for plays and movies and can help create patterns for high-tech uniforms such as those worn by firefighters.
The greatest thrill of being a fashion designer, many of them say, has nothing to do with dressing up supermodels for grand events and watching them walk down runways wearing the clothing you designed--though that is a plus and a sign of success. What makes the job truly exciting, several designers say, is watching an everyday person smile when they put on an outfit you created that makes them feel confident.
“You can see when somebody tries something on and they fed good, it’s almost like they’re empowered,” a fashion brand founder Franne Golde says. “You know, they look in the mirror, and they love what they see.”
But what is vital for being a fashion designer? “Design is all about getting to know who you are, because you have to express who you are, and you have to be able to convey that to your ultimate customer and client,” says Bern Conrad, an alumnus (校友）of the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City, a prestigious school that has educated world-famous fashion designers such as Calvin Klein.
The fashion designer, who has produced a significant amount of silk apparel, sportswear and knitwear over the course of his career and plans to launch a modern casual fashion line under his own name this fall, also notes that a unique perspective and a distinctive identity are essential for being a fashion designer.
Other fashion designers emphasize that an appreciation for beauty and strong visual observation abilities are a must for future fashion designers, but they note that having a good eye is inadequate, since what counts most is the ability to manufacture clothing items that are somehow better than what is already out there.
1. What really makes being a fashion designer exciting?| A．Attending grand events, |
| B．Appreciating the joy of success. |
| C．Seeing the outfits accepted by ordinary people. |
| D．Watching supermodels display the well-designed clothing. |
| A．artistic and cooperative | B．creative and expressive |
| C．educated and productive | D．observant and experienced |
| A．Career. | B．Society. |
| C．Entertainment. | D．Advertisement. |
相似题推荐
Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job? Working experience or an advanced-degree? Well, I believe diverse people have different answers.
Above of all, most of jobs don’t require such a high degree, which means just some few works, such as, theoretical physics, archaeology, or literature, need high academic qualification.
All in all, I think rich working experience is much more important than the advanced-degree.
| A．However, a degree is still required for most people. |
| B．Meanwhile, rich working experience will draw more attention. |
| C．Secondly, plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier. |
| D．In my view, either working experience or advanced-degree counts. |
| E．As for me, I will say working experience without hesitation. |
| F．As a matter of fact, more people with rich working experience become successful. |
| G．From all of these, we can see that advanced-degree isn’t so necessary as working experience. |
【推荐2】As anyone who freelances (做自由职业) knows, there are lots of advantages of working at home alone. But there are drawbacks too, like the potential loneliness. No wonder co-working spaces are becoming so popular, they permit self-employed individuals to feel like they are part of all office environment, while making them get some work done too. But renting a co-working space does cost money.
Now a Swedish project is aiming to change that by turning people’s under-used homes into temporary co-working spaces, available to freelancers for free. Hoffice was started by freelancers Christofer Gradin Franzen and Johline Zandra about a year ago in Stockholm when they invited a few people into their home office to work together. It was a great success, and the project has since spread to a number of cities in Europe, North and South America, Australia, India and Japan. Anyone can sign up and offer their home space as a free co-working space, or go find a Hoffice near them.
On a Hoffice day, everyone arrives and starts work at a certain hour. After 45 minutes，everyone gets up to take a break, stretch, do qigong or yoga for 10 to 15 minutes. Afterwards，people can gather around again, and re-state their intentions and goals for the rest of the work day, as a way to motivate each other. Meals can be eaten together at a certain hour, potluck-style (家常饭) or by bringing their own lunch.
This process creates an encouraging and supportive work environment. As some freelancers describe, “By working at Hoffice, we give ourselves and each other the gift to spend our days in a social working environment, where we are extremely productive without ignoring our other human needs. We also make sure to give ourselves and each other what we need to feel calm, happy, inspired and creative during the working day.”
So Hoffice is not just about sharing space; it’s also about a free exchange of ideas. And perhaps the best thing is that Hoffices are free to use.
1. Hoffice was started to________.| A．change people’s attitude to work | B．encourage people to be more social |
| C．provide a co-working space for free | D．improve people’s working conditions |
| A．How a Hoffice day works. | B．How people respond to Hoffice. |
| C．What people share at Hoffice. | D．What Hoffice means to people. |
| A．work longer than before | B．benefit a lot from the working style |
| C．expect more people to join them | D．can’t be separated from each other |
| A．It is suitable for people from all walks of life. |
| B．It has created many new job opportunities. |
| C．It has been around for quite a few years. |
| D．It is becoming increasingly popular. |
【推荐3】Journalism (新闻业) is a fast-paced industry, requiring reporters to get the facts about newsworthy events and to write about them before a deadline (截止日期). It takes some skills to do this. At the same time, news reporters must follow strict requirements and have a deep understanding of news writing.
Know what you’re going to write about. Newsworthy events can happen anytime and anywhere. So reporters need to develop a good nose for news.
Get all the facts and look at the details. Be sure to look at a story from different angle (角度). Even if you are covering a popular story or topic that others are writing about, look for an angle that will make this one yours.
Check facts to avoid mistakes. Sources may also make mistakes and some may even deceive you. It’s wise to get in touch with other sources. In a shooting incident, for example, getting the facts from the police and from both the criminal (罪犯) and victim isn’t enough. You should also interview other witnesses who may give more information about the incident. Interviewing people and getting a firsthand source on your topic can be valuable.
Start writing the news. When it comes to the body of the article, the main information should be given in the leading statement. It is often a short one, including the basics of what happened, where and when it took place, who was involved and why it’s newsworthy. These details are the main point that informs the reader. Other information about the story follows. This form allows editors to cut off the last paragraphs if there’re space limits.
Check your article for mistakes. If time permits, leave the article for a moment and then read through it again with a fresh eye. Newspaper publications usually have someone check for mistakes but keep in mind that you’re the first line of defense. Grammar mistakes are embarrassing (令人尴尬的), and some mistakes may result in a lawsuit(诉讼).
1. What can we learn about journalism from the first paragraph?| A．It is developing fast. | B．It is very challenging. |
| C．It is very interesting. | D．It is popular worldwide. |
| A．Warn. | B．Assist. |
| C．Interest. | D．Cheat. |
| A．It begins with a summary. | B．It ends with a happy ending. |
| C．It has enough smart questions. | D．It gives opinions about the event. |
| A．By choosing a proper topic. | B．By checking it for grammar mistakes. |
| C．By filling it with enough details. | D．By removing boring facts from it. |
【推荐1】When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.
We make use of stereotypes (刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgements about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.
The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experiences. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.
In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets others tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.
In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions（区分）, clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.
1. People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because __________.| A．they do not wish to talk to other people | B．everyone else is expressionless |
| C．the environment is already familiar to them | D．there is too much information to take in |
| A．are likely to lead us into dangerous situations |
| B．may make us miss some pleasant experiences |
| C．can rarely be relied on |
| D．make us mentally lazy |
| A．stereotypes can help to understand people fully |
| B．people are becoming more interested in fashion |
| C．dressing can send messages about individuals |
| D．stereotypes can do more harm than good to people |
| A．might be less important in making friends in a city |
| B．is mainly determined by his pronunciation |
| C．plays less of a role than it did in the past |
| D．is something that can be changed easily |
【推荐2】Is fashion important to you?
Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance.
At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others.
That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality.
Having considered all this, to my way of thinking, fashion can be used as a means of communication and a way to communicate your self-image to people around you. As a famous designer once said, “Fashion is instant language.”
| A．Is it a trend we must follow? |
| B．But why are people following fashion? |
| C．For most people it is, at least to some extent. |
| D．For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing. |
| E．These clothes are not actually giving a personal statement of the wearer. |
| F．There are always fashion followers, even though fashion is constantly changing. |
| G．An example of this is reforming fashionable pieces and making small personalized changes. |
【推荐3】Rome, Paris and New York are the world’s top fashion cities, all of which have produced some of the top trends, from fashionable skirts to the hottest new shoes. But have you ever wondered about the negative ideas that they have enforced?
In April 2016, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Britain banned an ad from Gucci that featured models dancing around and having fun, because they were all extremely skinny. Banning ads due to the models’ extreme figures isn’t new. The ASA banned an ad in 2015 for the same reason. In France, it has been ruled that models are to provide a doctor’s no providing that they are at a healthy weight.
So what is the healthy weight for models? Twenty years ago, the average fashion model weighed 8% less than the average woman. Today, they weigh 23 less.
People may think that being at an unhealthy weight will help them gain the benefits that the models do. This provides a standard of beauty, and therefore people who want to achieve those things may attempt to obtain them through unhealthy ways. People may think that they are overweight, due to the images of models’ thin figures. They see something wrong with their bodies whether they are overweight or not. This is a key factor in a lowered body image, low self-esteem, depression and possibly even eating disorders.
I’m not blaming the fashion industry by any means. It’s not their fault that many people look up to the models and expect to live a life like theirs. I am glad that the ASA is raising its voices when discussing the growing issue of body images in the fashion industry. By banning photos and videos, speaking out against them and pushing for doctor’s notes from the models, it’s pushing for the ideas that the traditional fashion industry’s body image demands should be changed and something more needs to be questioned.
1. According to the text, why was one of Gucci’s ads banned?| A．Because the models didn’t act according to the rule |
| B．Because its models are much too thin. |
| C．Because none of its models had a doctor’s note |
| D．Because its models were dancing in an unhealthy way |
| A．many women on a diet to become models |
| B．people don’t know why models weigh less |
| C．models are becoming thinner with time going by |
| D．the healthy weight for models hasn’t been decided . |
| A．The changes in the standard of beauty | B．The benefits of becoming thin figures. |
| C．The negative effects of models images | D．people’s attitudes towards models’ images |
| A．Objective | B．Hopeful. |
| C．Critical. | D．Humorous. |
【推荐1】Does an unborn baby know his mothers' voice? Psychology professor Anthony DeCasper designed an experiment to find it out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn's ears and gave him a bottle nipple(奶嘴) attached to a closed rubber tube Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking(吮吸) he heard one channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect, to change.
DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mothers' voice over that of another woman's. The baby, however, has no innate(天生的) interest in his father's voice, which is heard in the womb(子宫) only: from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognize Dad’s voice,too.
A newborn is even attuned (调和)to the rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar to DeCasper's, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French.
Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like ''womb song'' to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung. According to Satt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent.
He is woken up by a heavy jolt (颠簸):His mother has fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned (缓冲) to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sound. As she recovers, the stress hormones fade away, and he calms down, too.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?| A．An unborn baby can occasionally hear his fathers voice |
| B．DeCasper's approach proved effective in a French experiment |
| C．An unborn baby has a good command of his native language |
| D．Padded earphones are used in DeCasper's experiment |
| A．is unable to identify his mother's lullaby after birth |
| B．is able to identify his mother's voice rather than that of others’ |
| C．is able to help release stress-related hormones |
| D．is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent |
| A．mother's stress, anger or shock might not hurt the unborn baby in the womb |
| B．an unborn baby’s cry might never be heard because of the condition of the womb |
| C．lullabies are always useful in calming a fussy newborn |
| D．an unborn baby has to kick violently and repeatedly in the womb |
| A．belongs to one of the natural tendencies some animals also have |
| B．is an indication which shows an unborn baby can use all his senses after birth |
| C．is a physiological reaction of human beings |
| D．is the most important factor which leads an unborn baby to the survival in the womb |
【推荐2】Do you have an uncle believing vaccines cause autism (自闭症) but refusing to do further research? What about a friend avoiding information about factory animal farming so he can eat cheap meat guilt-free?
Each is an example of willful ignorance—the intentional act of avoiding information that reveals the negative consequences of one's actions. To find out why people engage in it, a team of researchers performed an analysis on the evidence of willful ignorance, comparing the results of 22 studies with over 6,000 participants.
Participants were randomly assigned the role of decision-makers or recipients (接受者). The decision-makers were given a choice: They could take a $ 5 or $ 6 payout. If they took $ 5, the recipient would also receive $ 5. If they took $ 6, the recipient would receive $ 1. Most decision-makers acted altruistically. They made a slight sacrifice to give the recipient more money. On average, only about a quarter of decision-makers acted selfishly.
In another study, the decision-makers could still choose between the $5 or $6 payouts, but they were not told what the recipient would receive. There was a 50-50 chance the recipient would receive $ 5 or $1. Importantly, the decision-makers could ask the researchers what payout the recipient would receive, and they could do so at no cost to themselves. 44% of decision-makers chose to remain willfully ignorant and took the selfish option.
The researchers assumed two potential motivations for willful ignorance. First, they thought willful ignorance may offer an excuse for not acting generously. If a person doesn't know the consequences of his actions, then he still can consider himself a morally honest individual even if he decides to act selfishly. Willful ignorance serves to protect his self-image.
The second potential motivation is “cognitive inattentiveness.” That is, people dislike thinking more than they have to. It may result from laziness, not paying attention, or not wanting to take the time to learn more. Whatever the case, they favor the quick-and-easy decision.
The researchers conclude “taken together, the evidence suggests ignorance is indeed in part ‘willful’ and driven by excuse-seeking and self-image maintenance motives.” Thanks to them, we are all a little less ignorant about ignorance.
1. Which of the following is most probably considered as willful ignorance?| A．Refusing to purchase a fur coat out of ethical concerns. |
| B．Stopping smoking in the knowledge of its harm to health. |
| C．Cheating in the exam for a good grade regardless of its negativity. |
| D．Engaging in environmental protection activities in the face of global warming. |
| A．Indifferently. | B．Selflessly. | C．Tolerantly. | D．Proudly. |
| A．Serious. | B．Ironic. | C．Humorous. | D．Critical. |
| A．What are altruistic behaviors like? | B．How do we avoid willful ignorance? |
| C．What are effects of willful ignorance? | D．Why do people choose to be ignorant? |
【推荐3】NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly expunge, the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. They are not sure to what degree people’s memories are affected.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” Said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out.” Said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
1. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?| A．decrease | B．release |
| C．reserve | D．remove |
| A．cause the brain to fix memories |
| B．stop people remembering bad experiences |
| C．prevent body producing certain chemicals |
| D．wipe out the emotional effects of memories |
| A．all people don’t support the use of the pills |
| B．the pill will stop people’s bad experiences |
| C．taking the pill will do harm to people’s health |
| D．the pill has probably been produced in America |
| A．Some memories can ruin people’s lives. |
| B．People want to get rid of bad memories. |
| C．Experiencing bad events makes us different from others. |
| D．The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories. |
