Flight Shaming: # stayontheground
For the environmentally conscious, boarding a flight can be a source of mild stress or guilt, considering the large amounts of carbon footprint that comes with it.
Flight shaming, or flygskam, is a movement that originated in Sweden in 2017. Back then, singer Staffan Lindberg declared his intention to give up flying to and from his concerts in favor of travel by train, bus, car, or boat.
Although “shame” has a relatively negative meaning associated with it, the overall outcome of the flight shaming movement has been undeniably positive. No longer restricted to Sweden alone, the trend has spread throughout Europe.
An interesting side effect of the flight shaming movement is that those who observe it often rediscover the novelty of slow, purposeful travel. When traveling by land, one can take in the variety of sights, sounds, and smells along the way.
| A．More and more Europeans are now choosing to travel by land or sea whenever possible. |
| B．However, airlines in Europe also have warned of the harmful effects of the flight shaming movement. |
| C．In addition, travelers are more likely to discover interesting new restaurants and hotels, and get a chance to interact with the locals. |
| D．A new anti-flying movement known as “flight shaming” is giving Earth-loving travelers a way of shaking off their guilt while still experiencing the joys of domestic and international travel. |
| E．It’s a way of revisiting holiday travel plan, including your accommodations while protecting the environment. |
| F．Other local celebrities, including environmental icon Greta Thunberg, followed suit. |
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【推荐1】You may think that light pollution isn’t something extraordinarily important. You may believe that every other type of pollution has a larger impact on the environment than light pollution does. But light pollution is serious.
Light pollution, or “sky glow”, is the glow you can see at night above cities and towns. Light pollution is a problem that has been accompanying man ever since he started his first fire some 15,000 years ago. Light pollution is the light that comes from streetlights, buildings, parking lots and any other source of light that is reflected or directed into the atmosphere.
Urban light pollution means that one-fifth of the world’s population can no longer see the Milky Way with the naked eye(肉眼). Many city kids, even if they did look through the orange smog above their heads, would probably see only a handful of stars. We have lost our view of the stars, and we have mucked up our night-time environment as well. Astronomers are calling for the dark places on Earth to be preserved as national parks.
Lots of people find the ever-brightening night annoying, and animals that are programmed to prefer the dark may avoid a brightened habitat. Sea turtles can get lost searching for a beach to lay eggs, and their hatchlings(孵化的幼仔)may confuse over-lit beachfront resorts for the ocean horizon, wasting precious energy needed to find the sea and escape predators(食肉动物). Because their necks aren’t yet long enough to see things far away, baby turtles rely on the mirror image of the moon to guide them to the sea, to begin their new life. A car may even hit a particular turtle, which was thinking the light from a nearby city was moonlight reflecting off the ocean waves. Birds that live in and around cities can die because of sky glow, too. The bright lights can blind them, leading to countless collisions with buildings and other tall structures.
On an individual level, people can help reduce much sky glow by using lighting only when necessary. The stars above us are priceless heritage— for not only for astronomers but for all humans. More of our children should be able to look up at night and see the Milk Way.
1. According to Para.2, light pollution_________.| A．has existed for nearly a century |
| B．is mainly caused by the light at night |
| C．doesn’t include the light coming from buildings |
| D．refers to the light only shining directly into the atmosphere |
| A．protected | B．blamed |
| C．praised | D．spoiled |
| A．the moon | B．the ocean waves |
| C．the sky glow | D．the mirrors |
| A．light pollution isn’t something important |
| B．the Milk Way can’t be seen with naked eye |
| C．we should take action to reduce light pollution |
| D．most kids are looking forward to seeing the Milk Way |
【推荐2】The San Diego Zoo is celebrating an extreme rare event: the arrival of 41 Indian narrow-headed softshell turtles. This is the first time the species, which is native to South Asia, has been successfully bred (繁殖) in North America.
The turtles typically live at the bottom of deep rivers and streams in northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Adults can grow up to 3.6 feet long and weigh as much as 440 pounds. During monsoon (季风) months in central India and dry months in other regions, the turtles lay up to 190 eggs in a nest on the beach and cover it with dirt to protect the eggs. When the babies hatch, they can fit in a person’s palm, at 1.5 inches long.
The San Diego Zoo got its first two Indian narrow-headed softshell turtles in 1997. The zoo planned to breed them and hoped to learn more about the species, whose numbers had begun to drop due to pollution, destruction of their habitats, and capture by humans for their eggs, meat, or use as pets. The species is listed as endangered, and researchers don’t know how many remain in the wild.
After learning that it only had female turtles, the zoo added a male to the habitat in 2001. Staff have been waiting for over 20 years to see if the turtles would breed. This summer, zookeepers found four nests in the enclosure. They hatched 11 turtles in August. Then, in September, staff members found 30 more tiny turtles in a nest they hadn’t noticed. “They are kind of cute,” said Kim Gray, head of the zoo.
The babies were moved to an indoor habitat where they can be protected and studied. The zoo plans to give about a half of the baby turtles to other zoos and aquariums that want to help protect the species. “This is a thrilling moment for us,” Gray said, “and a big step forward in the preservation of this species.”
1. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?| A．To highlight the importance of protecting the turtles. |
| B．To investigate the living environment of the turtles. |
| C．To show the major stages of the turtles’ growth. |
| D．To give a general description of the turtles. |
| A．The serious lack of food. | B．The slow process of growth. |
| C．The heavy loss of habitats. | D．The illegal trade for profits. |
| A．Positive. | B．Concerned. | C．Dissatisfied. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Zoo Celebrates A Rare Event |
| B．Turtles Make Successful Return |
| C．Summer Witnesses An Amazing Step |
| D．Zookeepers Preserve Endangered Species |
【推荐3】British shoppers will take home about 6 billion fewer single-use plastic bags this year because the government introduced a 5p charge, according to data published July 30. The 5p charge has resulted in donations of more than ￡29 million from retailers toward charities(慈善机构) and community groups.
About 8 million tonnes of plastic pollutes the oceans each year, and experts judge the plastic is swallowed by 31 species of marine(海生的) mammals and some 100 species of seabirds.
＂Taking six billion plastic bags out of circulation is fantastic news for all of us — it will mean our precious marine life is safer, our communities are cleaner, and future generations won’t suffer from mountains of plastic taking hundreds of years to break down in landfill sites,＂ UK Environment Minister Thérèse Coffey said. ＂The 5p charge has clearly been a huge success — not only for our environment but for good causes across the country that have benefited from an impressive ￡29 million raised. It shows small actions can make the biggest difference, but we must not be complacent as there is always more we can all do to reduce waste and recycle what we use.＂
More than 7 billion carrier bags were issued by seven leading retailers in 2014, but that number has fallen to slightly more than 500 million in the first six months of the 5p charge for single-use carrier bags introduced in October 2015.
＂We are delighted to see that the bag charge in England is showing positive results. This is a significant reduction that will benefit the environment as a whole, and our sea life in particular,＂ said Dr. Sue Kinsey, a technical specialist. ＂There is always more that we can do, and we encourage everyone to join in our Great British Beach Clean to help keep our coastlines clean.＂
1. What does the underlined word ＂complacent＂ in Paragraph 3 mean?| A．Confident. | B．Worried. |
| C．Disappointed. | D．Content. |
| A．The 5p charge is far from a success. |
| B．Paying for plastic bags is multi-beneficial. |
| C．Future generations can enjoy a plastic-free life. |
| D．Everyone should join environment-protecting organizations. |
| A．Plastic Bags Harm the Environment a Lot |
| B．Benefits from Less Use of Plastic Bags |
| C．Measures Taken to Reduce Use of Plastic Bags |
| D．5p Charge Sees Great Reduction of Plastic Bags |
