In the winter of 1985, my hometown, Buffalo, experienced a blizzard — not an uncommon occurrence for the region. But this was a big one, and the city’s mayor, Jimmy Griffin, was at pains to persuade people to stop trying to go about their business as conditions worsened. He urged Buffalonians to “relax, stay inside, and grab a six-pack,” which must be the best advice in an emergency situation.
There’s something cartoonish about the threat of a blizzard, in which nature’s anger assumes a fluffy form and tries to kill you. It’s the meteorological equivalent of getting attacked by the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man. And yet, kill it does, through car accidents and heart attacks and other misadventures, usually involving people trying, unwisely, to do something.
Mr. Griffin, therefore known as Jimmy Six-Pack, understood this. The Snow Gods reserve special hatred for those who don’t respect their ability to bring human activity to a standstill. The snow cares not for your deadlines or your happy hour plans. It wants only to fall on the ground and lie there. And it wants you to too.
Needless to say, you should. A snowstorm rewards indolence and punishes busy bees, which is only one of the many reasons it’s the best natural disaster there is.
Time has partly buried my childhood memories of Buffalo’s mighty blizzard of 1977, but I still recall the great drifts that climbed over houses, the spectacle of a world made surprisingly new. It’s a vision that often comes back to my mind every now and then, as we face the terrible prospect of a climate changed by human appetites — the future winters, damp and snow less, that may well await us. So let us all now pause, perhaps over a six-pack, and bear witness as the climate changes us.
1. The writer mentions the mayor of Jimmy Griffin in order to__________.A.introduce a proper way to deal with blizzards |
B.appreciate his contribution to the city’s development |
C.highlight how the climate worsened in his term |
D.explain why blizzards were not uncommon in Buffalo |
A.anger | B.diligence | C.intelligence | D.laziness |
A.annoyed by | B.amazed at | C.pleased with | D.sorry for |
A.Blizzard: a Thing of the Past. | B.In Case of a Snowstorm, Do Nothing. |
C.What Will the Future Winters Be Like? | D.Witness to Climate Change. |
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【推荐1】In the far North, fire season usually doesn’t start until June, when snow has melted away and summer lightning storms sweep into the region. So scientist Sander Veraverbeke was confused when in May of 2016 he saw little patches of fire on some satellite images from Alaska and the Northwest Territories.
“I was like, what the hell is going on?” says Veraverbeke, an Earth scientist at the Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
What he saw on the satellite images were “zombie fires,” remains of burns from the previous year that somehow stayed alive, smoldering underground, through the long, cold winter.
Zombie fires aren’t an entirely new phenomenon in the Arctic; fire managers have noted occasional flare-ups in past decades. But Veraverbeke’s team found that their occurrences are tightly linked to climate change, happening more often after hot, long summers with lots of fire and suggesting that these still-rare events could become more frequent.
“The sheer fact that this is happening is evidence for how quickly the region is changing,” he says.
Like all forests, the wooded stretches of the Arctic sometimes catch on fire. But unlike many forests in the mid-latitudes, which thrive on or even require fire to preserve their health, Arctic forests have evolved to burn only infrequently.
Climate change is reshaping that mode. In the first decade of the new millennium, fires burned 50 percent more acreage each year in the Arctic, on average, than any decade in the 1900s. Between 2010 and 2020, burned acreage continued to creep up, particularly in Alaska, which had its second worst fire year ever in 2015 and another bad one in 2019. Scientists have found that fire frequency today is higher than at any time since the formation of boreal (北极的) forests some 3,000 years ago, and potentially higher than at any point in the last 10,000 years.
1. Why did Sander Veraverbeke feel puzzled?A.Because he saw something unusual from some newspaper pictures. |
B.Because he didn’t realize there were zombie fires in the Arctic. |
C.Because the fires started burning earlier than he previously expected. |
D.Because there was much snow in Alaska and the Northwest Territories. |
A.Burning | B.Releasing | C.Exploding | D.Weakening |
A.They play a role in preserving the forests. |
B.Zombie fires are a new discovery of Sander Veraverbeke. |
C.Zombie fires tend to happen after hot summers with lots of fire. |
D.They burned 50 percent of the area in the Arctic between 2000 and 2010. |
A.To help readers learn about the Arctic. | B.To show concern about climate change. |
C.To call on people to control zombie fires. | D.To warn readers of the dangers of zombie fires. |
【推荐2】There is no way to stop hurricane or make it change direction, so if you ever find yourself in the path of hurricane, be sure to follow any emergency procedures(紧急程序)that your community has in place. Here are some other hurricane safety tips.
■ Be sure you have a battery-powered radio, batteries, fresh drinking water and a supply of food. Also, if anyone your family needs special medication(药物),be sure you have full supply.
■ Tell neighbours, friends and family members your emergency plans. Tell them where you'll go if you need to leave your home.
■ If you live near the ocean, in low-lying area, or in a mobile home, leave your home and travel inland to a safe place. You could stay with a friend or family member, in an inland hotel or motel, or in an emergency shelter area.
■ Keep listening to the radio if a hurricane is approaching. If local authorities instruct you to evacuate, do it immediately.
"Before a hurricane arrives, be sure your family's car is filled with fuel. If the electricity goes out, the fuel pumps at gas stations will not work.
■ Stay inside during the storm. You could be seriously injured if you go outside.
You should always take good care of your pets and keep them indoors during a storm. If you have to evacuate your home, remember that pets are not allowed in most emergency shelters and hotel rooms. If you leave pets behind, be sure you set out plenty of food and water for them. Also, be sure they're wearing a collar with your family's name and phone number on it.
1. The passage mainly talks about____________.A.how to keep safe when facing a hurricane |
B.how to change the direction of a hurricane |
C.the food and water supply during a hurricane |
D.the place to stay during a hurricane |
A.give your pets to your neighbor. |
B.always stay together with your pets |
C.leave enough food and water for your pets |
D.make sure your pets remember your name. |
A.Make a proper plan with your family before the hurricane. |
B.Find a doctor to get special treatment after the hurricane. |
C.Listen to the radio for useful information about the hurricane. |
D.Travel to a safer place in your car during the storm. |
【推荐3】The hemlock(铁杉) trees along the Wappinger Creek, New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. It’s hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.
The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. The trouble-making bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. They can hurt other living things in their new home.
Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers. They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive pests often tunnel into the pallets. How can we stop pests from riding on pallets? Lovett says new rules are needed. The companies that make pallets don’t want more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill to try and prevent this problem. However, Lovett is not hopeful it will make much of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bug-killing pesticide. “I believe in the system,” said Brent McClendon, president of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping containers are checked very carefully.
Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U.S. Each is full of wooden pallets. Lovett says: “Inspectors can’t possibly check everything. All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets.” He believes pallets should be made of plastic or eco-composite wood. Eco-composite wood is a mix of wood fiber and plastic. Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that these choices cost more. They may be worth the extra money, though. Invasive pests cost the U.S. $5 billion a year. Trees don’t just die in forests. They also die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced. That costs money, too.
1. All the statements are TRUE except that ________.A.pesticide has been applied to bug-killing |
B.the companies making pallets don’t want more rules |
C.invasive pests hide in pallets used in shipping |
D.invasive pests are native to Wappinger Creek |
A.Bugs won’t bother the tree if just in few numbers. |
B.Bugs ruin the shipping goods slowly. |
C.Bugs can be easily spotted by eyes. |
D.Bugs cover trees with white soft balls for protection. |
A.Because insects mostly die in them. |
B.Because they are the major pest carriers. |
C.Because they are not worth extra money. |
D.Because plastic pallets are eco-friendly. |
A.Congress contributes a lot to dealing with invasive pests. |
B.Effective measures have stopped the pest invasion. |
C.Invasive pests are harming plants in the USA. |
D.Ecosystem in the USA is poorly damaged by invasive woods. |
【推荐1】Recently we celebrated my grandmother’s 90th birthday. Family members traveled to my hometown to visit her. This was the first time in many years that I had seen so many of them. Though this was an opportunity to see family, many people did not make it. Honestly, living far from hometown, I had missed many family gatherings. But this one made me realize how much I was really missing.
It seemed strange when I was looking at the faces, realizing whom they were and greeting them with open arms. After chatting for a while, we caught up on each other’s news. Several relatives suggested having a family reunion soon if everyone wasn’t so busy. But my grandmother’s generation was much busier, yet still found time to gather. They understood the importance of visiting one another. They knew time is flying and that those you care about most won’t be here forever.
Today, we focus on our careers and raising our kids. Our extended family isn’t the center it once was. Besides, we keep in touch on social media. But what we really miss are the potato salad, the moments of laughter and sudden bursts of excitement when we hug someone we haven’t seen for over 10 years. Although the next get-together is always a year or so away, people aren’t goods and everyone has an expiration (到期) date.
I left my grandmother’s party with a much better sense of who I am and where I come from. I spent valuable time with people who contributed to who I am today. I had forgotten how much I love them and I was reminded how much I am loved.
1. How did the author feel about missing previous family gatherings?A.Indifferent. | B.Sad. | C.Regretful. | D.Annoyed. |
A.They were carefree. | B.They held family dear. |
C.They took time seriously. | D.They seldom visited family. |
A.Family reunions mean no fun. |
B.All goods don’t have an expiration date. |
C.People are always too busy to get together. |
D.We should see loved ones more before it’s too late. |
A.To convince readers to meet friends. |
B.To share an interesting family reunion. |
C.To stress the value of family gatherings. |
D.To compare different generations’ values. |
【推荐2】People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual; they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private space of the individual.
People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as your? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat, you may have one corner or chair which is your own.
Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about nonverbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped (瞪出) out of his head. I had invaded (侵犯) his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!
If you are visiting another country, you may feel that you don’t have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don’t know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven’t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space?
1. The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because________.A.he had no place to sit |
B.someone had invaded his “space” |
C.too many people shared a section with him |
D.some other people talked about things he didn’t know about |
A.British people dislike marking their space. |
B.You always feel at home in another country. |
C.Most British people prefer living in houses to flats. |
D.You can’t mark your private space in a foreign country. |
A.own private spaces by living in houses |
B.have one corner of their own in public places |
C.realize the importance of “space” in communication |
D.create their private spaces by talking with local people |
【推荐3】My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought ne one more patient message. The statement read: "Mrs. Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision(视觉模糊)ever since her medical test this morning." I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.
This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting St. John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.
My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.
What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in Mrs, Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-ray technician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.
Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I feel thankful that Mrs. Jones figured it out before 1 made a mistake about our relationship. Patients come to me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose, treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.
1. The writer smiled while reading that patient message because he knew___________.A.Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests |
B.the patient was being unreasonable |
C.the nurse was joking with him |
D.Mrs. Jones would call him |
A.Wrong glasses. | B.Medical checkup |
C.Her own imagination. | D.Chatting on the Internet |
A.made her less trustful toward the doctor |
B.put her in control of her own feelings |
C.mode bet less able to think clearly |
D.put her in a dangerous situation |
A.angry-happy-worried-ashamed |
B.ashamed-angry-happy-worried |
C.worried-angry-ashamed-happy |
D.angry-worried-happy-ashamed |