Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process     1     (call) the“greenhouse effect“, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect     2    the“man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural”greenhouse effect refers to the fact     3     heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat     4     (release) back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide trap some of the heat,     5     (keep) Earth’s climate warm and habitable.     6    this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the“man-made" greenhouse effect has now become     7     big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil     8     (fuel), more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and     9     (cause) Earth’s surface temperature to rise     10     ( quick).

“Climate emergency” was picked by Oxford Dictionaries as the word of the year for 2019 after     1     (use) on average 100 times more than in 2018.

Defined as “a situation     2     urgent action is required to reduce or stop climate change and avoid environmental damage resulting from it ”, the word became one of the most important     3     (term) of 2019. “Climate” did not have a place in the top words     4    (typical) used to modify (修饰) “emergency” in 2018. Instead, the top types of emergencies that people wrote about     5     (be) health, hospital and family emergencies. But with climate emergency, people saw something new,     6     extension of emergency to the global level. The choice was reflective, not just of the rise in climate awareness, but the focus specifically     7     the language used to discuss it. Oxford said the rise of “climate emergency”     8       (show) an intentional push towards language of urgency.

The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen     9     (reflect) attention of the passing year and should have lasting potential as a term of     10     (culture) significance. Previous winners of word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.

Although heat related deaths and illnesses are preventable, around 618 people are killed nationwide by extreme heat every year.

Extreme heat     1     (describe) as summertime temperatures that are much hotter or more humid than average. Humid and sticky conditions can make it seem hotter than it really is. Heat-related illnesses, like heat stroke, happen when the body is not able to     2     (proper) cool itself. While the body normally cools itself by sweating, during extreme heat, this might not be enough. In these cases,     3     person's body temperature rises     4     (fast) than it can cool itself down,     5     can cause damage to the brain and other vital organs. Older adults, the very young, and people     6     mental illness and chronic diseases are at highest risk. However, even    7     (health) people can be affected if they participate in intense physical    8     (activity) during hot weather.

Summertime activity, whether     9     (play) indoors or outdoors, must be balanced with actions that help the body cool itself to prevent heat-related illnesses. You can visit our website     10    (learn) more on how to stay safe in the heat this summer, including how to prevent, recognize, and cope with heat-related illnesses.

Climate Change Requires The World’s Attention

There is little doubt that Earth     1    (get) warmer and warmer. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. This     2    (alarm) case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact     3    Earth’s ecology.

Climate scientists often mention a key climate process     4    (call) the “greenhouse effect”,     5    has two common meanings. Without the “natural” greenhouse effect, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem because more heat energy     6    (trap) in the atmosphere, causing Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.

There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and     7    (nature) disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will     8    (probable) continue and there will be a higher price     9    (pay).

Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint”. It is our     10    (responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts.