Plastics have been found from the top of Mount Qomolangma to newly-formed beaches in Hawaii. The amount of plastic in our environment is shocking. What can we do about it? I’m inspired by Kate Nelson, who has lived without using single-use plastic for over ten years. Kate is also the founder of Sea the Mermaids, an organization focusing on stopping human-sourced ocean pollution through education and community action.
She recently wrote an inspiring and practical guidebook I Quit Plastics: and you can too, which is full of information and tips on how to cook, clean, shop, wear and live plastic-free. Upon first opening, you will see a recipe for Cashew Cheese that looks amazing! Not only does this book provide many delicious recipes, but also explores interesting problems about plastic pollution.
For example, Kate explores the problems about plastics and social justice, including plastic privilege(特权). She points out that wealthier countries, such as the USA, export their plastic waste to Southeast Asia, but many of these countries cannot process their own waste. In addition, most of the affordable food, though processed and unhealthy, is heavily packaged in plastic. People that live in “food deserts” in cities and depend on corner stores have no choice when it comes to avoiding plastics. Kate writes in the book, “Not everyone will have bulk (散装) food stores or farmers’ markets near where they live.”
Kate’s writing is easy to read without sounding preachy (说教的). Her explanations and reasoning are clear. From food to beauty to cleaning, Kate’s practical recipes and tips make it easy for everyone to reduce their chances of using single-use plastic. She develops effective strategies that others can easily adopt and offers clear steps to help people improve on the plastic quifting journey.
1. Why does the author talk about plastic in the first paragraph?A.To lead to the topic. | B.To share an experience. |
C.To doubt serious pollution. | D.To explain plastic pollution. |
A.Famous persons. | B.The latest news. |
C.Classic music. | D.Reusable shopping bags. |
A.They eat too much unhealthy food. |
B.They can’t afford to buy enough food. |
C.They can’t avoid plastic-packaged food. |
D.They prefer bulk food to packaged food. |
A.An environment report. | B.A book review. |
C.An author’s introduction. | D.A scientific research. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】As an adult, I like nothing better than to sit on the beach reading. If I have a satisfying reading time on the beach, I will be happy for many days. However, I'm sad to say it isn't really a thing for children. Most children would rather play in the waves or play with sand. But the truth is that even when children are on vacation, they need reading time that we, adults, look forward to. The method is getting them to sit for 5 or 10 minutes to enjoy the pleasure of reading.
Books can probably get wet or filled with sand, They are then pretty much ruined. Some book chapters (章节) may be a little long. Your children may be willing to sit for 10 minutes. However, they may be annoyed at reading if it takes longer than 10 minutes. And if your children are similar to my daughter, they are likely to love reading on the beach.
Every time I go to the beach with my daughter, I will bring a magazine for her. Generally, magazines are not too heavy. They can also be thrown away if they get wet. Besides, they provide just the right amount of reading when my daughter is ready to sit under the sun umbrella. Literary (文学的) magazines like Cricket, Spider and Ladybug will allow your children to read wonderful fiction. Discovery magazines like Click, Dig, and Faces have articles on all sorts of topics that will excite and interest your children. And like the short stories in the literary magazines, these articles have the right length (长度) for reading on the beach.
So don't leave magazines behind when you pack your bags! Put a magazine or two in the pocket of the bag and when your children need a few minutes to relax, pull it out and get them to sit for 10 minutes or so.
1. What are most children unwilling to do on the beach?A.Play freely. | B.Make sand castles. |
C.Have fun in the waves. | D.Read books. |
A.Reading is most children's favorite activity on vacation. |
B.Books are not the best choice for reading on the beach. |
C.Kids don't spend a lot of time reading books on vacation. |
D.It's a pity to throw away books that are ruined by water. |
A.Click. | B.Faces. |
C.Cricket. | D.Dig. |
A.She likes to read literary magazines. |
B.She reads a lot of books during holiday. |
C.She usually reads magazines on the beach. |
D.She usually spends more than 10 minutes reading on the beach. |
【推荐2】You can take fish oil supplements (补充剂). You can invest in a language class, books, or a few hours of exercise every week. There are countless methods to improve your memory. But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to make your brain think is—reading. There’s something astonishing about how such an ordinary activity can improve your brain in so many ways.
The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception in your brain. Processing written material—from the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselves—get the neurons (神经元) to attention as they start the work of transporting all that information. “Typically, when you read, you have more time to think.” says Maryanne Wolf, director of the UCLA Center for Diverse Learners. “Reading gives you a unique pause button for comprehension and insight. By and large, with oral language—when you watch a film or listen to a tape—you don’t press pause.”
And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book. A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We call that a shadow activity, almost like a muscle memory,” says Gregory Berns, PhD, director of the Center for Neuron Policy at Emory.
OK, you say, it’s hardly surprising that the language part of the brain would get a workout from reading. But reading also makes the region responsible for motor activity—the central sulcus (中央沟)—energetic. That’s because the brain is a play actor. You may not actually be riding a horse when you’re reading Seabiscuit, but your brain acts as if it is. And the more parts of your brain that get a workout, the better it is for your overall cognitive (认知的) performance. Generally speaking, close literary reading, like a Jane Austen novel, in particular gives your brain a major workout, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.
What if you are a poor, or even a dyslexic reader who feels as if you’ll never be able to read enough to gain these benefits? The study shows the ability to read closely is something that needs to be developed. In her new book, Reader, Come Home, Wolf notes that even she, who reads for a living, has found her ability to concentrate on the written word weakening as more of what we read is on a screen. That sets up a negative cycle: Without the continuing exercise of our reading “muscles”, the brain loses its ability to control the complex processes that allow us to read deeply.
Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two — and just read.
1. Which is NOT TRUE about readings?A.Reading and speaking can equally make our brain sharp. |
B.The benefits of reading don’t disappear immediately. |
C.Reading classics can exercise our brain more than daily newspapers. |
D.We should avoid too much reading on our mobile phones. |
A.how our brain works in reading | B.the life story of Jane Austen |
C.how to exercise and keep fit | D.the story of a champion racing horse |
A.Active | B.Enthusiastic |
C.Difficult | D.Careful |
A.show how to improve your reading comprehension |
B.assess the results of keeping long—time reading |
C.analyze the function of different parts of our brain |
D.explain the benefits of reading on our brain |
【推荐3】Fact or Fiction?
Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author’s life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.
As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer’s choice of wording can influence an eyewitness’s account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.
Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually more reliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way that amplifies small details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.
Of course the brain is not a camera that can “save” any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Yet they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.
Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author’s morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author’s intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.
Looking beyond the author’s own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.
1. The author introduces the topic in Paragraph 1 by _____ .A.illustrating why it is important to talk about memoir |
B.listing some interesting facts and features of memoir |
C.defining key terms that are discussed later in the passage |
D.making a comparison between autobiography and memoir |
A.Collects. | B.Ignores. |
C.Enlarges. | D.Absorbs. |
A.critics argue that a news story by a journalist is fiction |
B.a memoir author’s memory can be influenced by the interviewees |
C.memoir can’t show readers facts about what an author experienced |
D.emotional moments can cause the creation of more detailed memories |
A.the most profitable memoirs are those shown to be the most factual |
B.many authors are untrustworthy, although many memoirs are fact-based |
C.memoir is rightfully categorized under the umbrella of literary non-fiction |
D.memory is too unreliable for memoir to be considered a type of non-fiction |
【推荐1】Being an early bird, or the opposite night owl (夜猫子), is usually not something that is thought of as being highly under our control. Some people seem to sleep early while others get a second wind and tend to sleep late. This internal clock is a person’s unique internal timekeeper and the body’s own master controller of many functions. Most obvious is our sleep patterns; however, it also plays a role in our eating patterns, hormone levels, and maybe even our mood.
A recent study looked at whether the body clock is related to levels of physical activity. Using a watch-like device that measures movement, over 5,000 participants’ activity levels were collected for two weeks. After considering some factors that may explain differences, such as education or background health conditions, they found that night owls, as compared to morning types, had up to 60 to 90 fewer minutes per day of activity.
For those with a more of an “eveningness” type, jobs or other demands on time may mean that a morning alarm is sounding well before their natural wake time. As a result, a night owl type may be starting the day relatively “jet lagged” (有时差感的) —feeling out of step with their body due to being awake when the body would prefer to be asleep.
We should emphasize that this study does not tell us that being a night owl is the cause of lower physical activity. It only shows a connection between being an early bird or night owl and certain conditions. In this study, we only considered two factors —sleep patterns and activity. Using your eat-sleep cycle to your advantage as much as possible to be active is probably the best advice. Are you someone who feels ready and clear first thing in the morning? That may be the best time to get those steps in. More energy in the evening? Then scheduling that walk for after dinner may be best.
1. What do we know about the internal clock?A.It motivates people to sleep early. | B.It keeps a person careful about time. |
C.It affects multiple functions of the body. | D.It masters the patterns of mood and eating. |
A.An early bird received higher education. | B.A night owl had lower physical movement. |
C.An early bird had more reasonable activity levels. | D.A night owl had better background health conditions. |
A.Uneasy. | B.Natural. | C.Energetic. | D.Embarrassed. |
A.Do exercise after dinner. | B.Adjust our sleep patterns. |
C.Make a schedule in advance. | D.Make the most of our body clock. |
【推荐2】For years, life went something like this: We'd grow up in one place, head off to college, and then find a city to live in for a few years at time to pursue a job or higher education. The end goal was to find somewhere to settle down, buy a house, start a family, and begin the whole cycle all over again.
But a new model for living is emerging: More and more people are moving from city to city throughout their entire lives, sometimes as frequently as every month. Just ask Alex Chatzielefteriou, who has had a front-row seat watching this evolution unfold.
Six years ago, he launched a startup called Blueground that rents out beautifully designed, fully furnished apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. Today, the company has 3,000 properties in six U.S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Chatzielefteriou's native Athens, and a staff of 400. The company just invested $78 million to continue its rapid expansion and make each one feel unique and cosy, rather than standardized, like what you might find in a traditional hotel.
Chatzielefteriou first came up with the idea for Blueground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The accommodation of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had to spend five years in a hotel room, living in 12 different cities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn't love feeling like I didn't have a home.” As he spoke to his friends and coworkers, he realized that many people were frustrated with this restless lifestyle. And what's more, hotels aren't a particularly cost-effective solution for companies either. In Chatzielefteriou's case, McKinsey sometimes paid S10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month, which was far more expensive than local rents.
1. What's the main purpose of the first paragraph?A.To tell the end goal of our life. |
B.To introduce the topic of the text. |
C.To stress the importance of buying a house. |
D.To explain the reason for people's flooding into cities. |
A.His urge to have a home. |
B.His desire to make money. |
C.His friends' encouragement. |
D.His experience in living in hotel. |
A.It has obvious price superiority. |
B.It has good geographical location. |
C.It has beautifully designed apartments. |
D.It has unique and comfortable environment. |
A.The fall of traditional hotels. |
B.The rise of a new living model. |
C.The advantages of Blueground. |
D.The disadvantages of traditional hotels. |
【推荐3】Engineers at Zhejiang University have created China's first brain-like computer, named Darwin Mouse, which can copy the way a human brain works and solve complex calculations while using a small amount of the energy used by traditional supercomputers.
Though the technology is still in its early stages, experts say it could be used to run large, real-time simulations(模拟) and make new discoveries in chemistry, medicine and neuroscience. It could also be used to revolutionise computer design, leading to more powerful and efficient artificial intelligence.
Pan Gang, a professor at the university's College of Computer Science and Technology, said neuromorphic(神经形态的) computing has been a focus of the international scientific and engineering communities for some time and is considered one of the key methods to overcome the major computing challenges for artificial intelligence. Darwin Mouse represented a "major milestone achievement" in China's brain-like computing technology.
In late 2018, the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom upgraded its neuromorphic supercomputer SpiNNaker to use a million processors, enabling it to perform 2 trillion actions a second. This allowed the machine to run extremely large-scale real-time simulations, such as modelling parts of the brain. Darwin Mouse uses significantly fewer processors thanks to the latest developments in brain-like chips made in China, allowing it to perform far better.
Another advantage is low energy costs. When information is transmitted, only neurons that receive and process the signals are activated, while other neurons stay asleep, similar to how a brain works. As a result, the energy consumption can be reduced to a small part of that of conventional supercomputers.
"We hope to keep evolving the Darwin series neuromorphic computer towards reaching human levels of intelligence, thus achieving more powerful artificial intelligence with significantly less energy use. It is hopeful that brain-like computers will make their way into our daily lives as the hardware and the software for the technology mature," Pan said.
1. Which can be inferred about Darwin Mouse?A.Brain-like and easy to operate. | B.Powerful and energy-saving. |
C.Traditional but efficient. | D.Advanced but impractical. |
A.To show it can run more complex simulations. |
B.To prove no computers can compare with human brains. |
C.To stress the importance of brain-like chips. |
D.To highlight the advantage of Darwin Mouse. |
A.Positive. | B.Sceptical. | C.Tolerant. | D.Objective. |
A.Outstanding Engineers of China |
B.The Brain-Like Computer Makes Its First Appearance in China |
C.Darwin Mouse, a Famous Mouse |
D.Artificial Intelligence Has a Bright Future |