We should all have at least one fire extinguisher somewhere in our home, but it’s not enough to simply keep one under the kitchen sink. If there is a fire, your safety — and the safety of your home — depends on knowing how to use that fire extinguisher correctly. In case your fire extinguisher has been sitting around collecting dust, here’s everything you need to know before brushing it off and fighting a fire in your home the right way.
Choose the right fire extinguisher
The first thing you need to know is the different classifications of fires. Most household fires fall into one of the following categories:
Class A: Fires fueled by solid combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth.
Class B: Fires fueled by flammable liquids such as oil and gasoline.
Class C: Fires started or fueled by faulty wiring and appliances.
Class D: Fires started or fueled by cooking oils, animal facts, and vegetable fats.
All fire extinguishers are labeled to indicate which classes of fire they are designed to combat. Most household fire extinguishers are considered multipurpose and labeled for use in A, B, and C classes. Class K extinguishers are heavier duty and will need to be bought separately. Household fire extinguishers are also rated for the size of fire that they can safely handle. The higher the rating, the larger the fire the extinguisher can put out. Higher-rated extinguishers are often heavier.
Steps for proper extinguisher use
Once you understand the different types of fire extinguishers and their uses, you need to be able to properly operate one.
Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape routeBefore operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear evacuation path. If you cannot put out the fire, you’ll need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is being evacuated from the building.
Step 2: Call the fire departmentEven if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once firefighters arrive, they can double-check whether the fire has been completely extinguished.
Step 3: Stand backFace the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the flames as you prepare to operate the fire extinguisher.
Step 4: Operate the extinguisherIt can be difficult to think clearly during an emergency. Thankfully, there is a long-standing acronym(首字母缩略词)— PASS — to help you recall the steps involved in operating your fire extinguisher.
P: Pull the pin (保险销) on the fire extinguisher.
A: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire instead of the flames.
S: Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguisher.
S: Sweep the nozzle back and forth until the flames are extinguished.
Step 5: Keep an eye on thingsAfter the flames appear to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t reignite. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.
Step 6: Get to a safe placeOnce the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire.
1. According to the passage, what is the top priority in a fire emergency?| A．Find out how to escape. | B．Operate a fire extinguisher. |
| C．Call the fire department. | D．Escape and leave everything behind. |
| A．③②④① | B．④②③① |
| C．③④①② | D．④③①② |
| A．leave the fire area at once | B．repeat the “PASS” process |
| C．inspect the fire area carefully | D．have the fire department on the way |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】How to Break Bad Habits
Habits are ways of dealing with issues in your environment. You often do not think about them. James Clear, in his book Atomic Habits, describes a four-step process by which habits are made. These steps are cue (提示), craving (渴望), response, and reward.
A cue is a signal.
James Clear notes that to break bad habits, you need to think about each step in the habit-making process. In the cell phone example, the cue is seeing the cell phone. The craving is the desire or urge to check your phone.
The important thing to remember is that people can change their habits. Habit changes take time.
| A．Imagine you are studying English |
| B．It is what you might call a bad habit |
| C．You may realize that this is a mistake |
| D．The response is checking your phone |
| E．It tells your brain to do something to begin a behavior |
| F．Let’s say you’re always looking up words on your phone |
| G．But with patience, planning, and repetition, you can do it |
【推荐2】We all know your student loan will only go so far. So what can you do to save those pennies and eventually a pretty substantial amount in the long run? Here is some advice from L&S Editor Marianne Lampon.
| FOOD Buy the supermarket’s Own Brand products: When it comes to items such as cheese, milk, and more, the Own Brand products can be bought much cheaper but without lowering the quality. Coupons (优惠券), coupons, coupons: It’s really worth hitting the Internet for some extra coupons, especially for meals out with a big group of your classmates. Keep an eye on restaurants that offer a cheaper Set Menu or that do 2 for 1 deals on main courses. |
| STUDENT-ONLY OFFERS Fresher’s Fair: Say hello to free stationery, bottle openers and a bunch of things you never knew you needed. Freshers get involved! Student discount in stores and online: Showing your University ID card will save you at least 10% with a lot of online or offline businesses. As a result, you’ll feel slightly less guilty about buying those new pair of Nike’s. |
| FASHION The shift from summer to autumn can be a sad time, but it needn’t hurt your wallet! Accessories (配饰): Basically, wear your summer clothes with warm and comfortable accessories. How about those shorts? Just team them with a pair of tights and you’re good to go. Charity shops: The perfect way to stay on-trend and at a super affordable price. |
So there it is! Sticking to some of these ideas will really help save some money in the long run, proving a little really does go a long way.
1. What can you do to save money when eating out?| A．Use online coupons. | B．Order Own Brand products. |
| C．Choose main courses in a Set Menu. | D．Visit student-only restaurants. |
| A．Online stores. | B．Charity shops. |
| C．The supermarket. | D．Fresher’s Fair. |
| A．Teachers. | B．Parents. | C．Students. | D．Businessmen. |
【推荐3】Four Goals for Perfect Life
Healthy and Fit
The first goal common to all of us is health and energy.
Excellent Relationships
Do What You Love
The third common goal is to do work that we enjoy, to do it well, and to be well paid for it.
The fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence.
| A．We don’t want to get the job that we aren’t well paid and we don’t promote faster. |
| B．Achieve Financial Independence |
| C．Money is the most important for we can’t go without it. |
| D．You want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have to worry about money again. |
| E．You want to be able to get and keep the job you want, to get paid more and to get promoted faster. |
| F．The second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships with the people we like and respect, and who like, love and respect us in turn. |
| G．We all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pain and illness. |
【推荐1】A very dangerous situation happened in California last week. More than 12 wildfires broke out in the state. Most of them began on October 8, in Northern California. They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds of up to 50 miles per hour and dry air in the area.
At least 20 people have been killed, the state government said. About 200 have been injured. At least 3,500 homes and businesses have been destroyed. About 50,000 people have been required to escape. Many left in a hurry, without time to take their personal things. “All the good stuff(东西)—I’m never going to see it again,” Jeff Okrepkie said. He escaped from his Santa Rosa home. It was destroyed soon after he left.
The fires burned through parts of eight counties(郡，县). These include Sonoma and Napa. The areas are important to California’s economy(经济). They are home to many of the state’s vineyards(葡萄园) and wineries(酿酒厂). In 2016, California’s wineries made more than $57 billion.
October is when wildfires usually produce the most ruins in California. But it is unusual for so many fires to start at once. Up to now, the government has not given a cause for any of the fires, many of which were still burning.
1. Why did the fires grow quickly?| A．Most of the fires began in October. | B．12 fires happened at the same time. |
| C．The state government didn’t do anything. | D．High-speed wind and dry air. |
| A．50,000. | B．200. | C．3,500. | D．20. |
| A．Homes have been destroyed. | B．Wineries have been burned. |
| C．People have to leave their homes. | D．Many people have been injured. |
| A．The high-speed wind and dry air. | B．Many fires started at once. |
| C．October produces the most ruins. | D．The cause is not explained. |
【推荐2】Flood (洪水) Safety Guidelines (指南)
Flood (洪水) is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. It may come suddenly and sweep away (冲走) everything. It is important to learn some safety guidelines and get prepared for a flood, especially for those living near a river.
Things to do before a flood
●Move to a safe place immediately if there is an order. Prepare enough food and clean water.
Remember to prepare a first aid kit (急救箱).
Try to move to a place high enough to keep clear of floodwater. Hold to a tree or a woodblock if you are in water. Keep away from electricity.
Things not to do during a flood
Do not take too many personal things with you.
Although flood is dangerous,
| A．never give up hope |
| B．Things to do during a flood |
| C．Here are some tips on flood safety |
| D．Do not drink floodwater because it is not clean |
| E．Listen to the weather warnings (警告) firstly |
【推荐3】The Terror of the First F5 Tornado
The nonstop high plains wind suddenly fell dead still, leaving the evening air hot and heavy over Lubbock, Texas. Impossibly dark clouds hung low in the sky.
Standing in the yard outside her family’s trailer home, 12-year-old Cindy Keele saw the worry emerge in her grandmother’s face. “Go in and put on your shoes,” Keele’s grandmother said flatly. “We have to get to the storm cellar.”
The girl dashed inside. As soon as the screen door slapped shut behind her, hail (冰雹) began rapping against the roof. Keele yelled to her mother, “Grandma says we have to get to the storm cellar!” Then a hail stone the size of a softball smashed through the kitchen window. Another one punched a hole in the ceiling. And then came the sound: the unmistakable, ear-splitting roar of an approaching tornado.
Cindy Keele’s mother was suddenly on the same page. But getting herself, her three kids, and her mother to safety was no simple matter—the shelter was at the opposite end of the trailer park. If they didn’t drive, they’d never make it.
The five moved quickly to the family car, ducking to avoid hurtling pieces. At last, everyone was in the car.
“My purse!” Keele’s grandmother shouted “My purse is still in there!”
Keele jumped out of the car and ran back into the house. She fetched the purse and dashed back into the maelstrom. She almost made it. “As I ran to the car,” she says, “an enormous hailstone hit me in the back of the neck. I was told it was the size of a soccer ball.” The next few minutes were a blur for the girl. Her next clear memory is of inside the shelter.
“I guess there were 60 of us in there, plus dogs and cats,” Keele says. “The sound outside was deafening. And then, all of a sudden, it got quiet.” Cautiously, the group emerged from underground.
“My mother ran straight for our street. What she found was—nothing.” The place where our house had been were pieces of houses, but not pieces of our house. “I’d never seen my mom cry,” Keele recalls softly. “But she was on her knees. She was broken.”
May 11 marks the 51st anniversary of the 1970 Lubbock tornado, the first such storm ever to be classified F5.
1. What did Keele do in the story?| A．She dashed to the room to save her brothers. |
| B．She rushed to fetch her grandmothers purse. |
| C．She drove the family members to the shelter. |
| D．She ran to the cellar first with her grandmother. |
| A．The tornado died down very slowly. |
| B．Hail was the biggest killer in the tornado. |
| C．The tornado came with a deafening noise. |
| D．It was windy and sunny before the tornado. |
| A．Keele’s house was totally mined | B．Keele’s mother got her knees hurt |
| C．Keele lost memory of the tornado | D．Keele was injured by a soccer ball |
【推荐1】Canyoning
The sports of canyoning (蹦谷) explore the high-energy environment where water meets rock on the coast. Protected by wetsuits and helmets, people jump from cliffs and waterfalls and discover caves that would not normally be arrived at.
It was first done in the U.K. by TYF Adventure (01437 721611, www.tyf.com) and several thousand people jump from the cliffs near St David’s each year. A half day canyoning trip costs ￡50 (￡30 for children under 16).
Diving
Diving is not popular with British people. The difficulties of wild waters are greater because the water is colder and not clear enough, but the coasts of Cornwall, Wales and Scotland have some of the best diving in the world.
The British Sub Aqua Club (0870 112 9133, www.bsac.com) and the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (01580 819688, www.padi.com) run courses teaching the important skills.
Surfing
The best surfing places in the UK are on the southwest coast where it is warmer, especially in Cornwall. The best time of year to surf in the UK is late summer and autumn.
The British Surfing Association (01479 861256, www.britsurf.co.uk) has a list of famous surf schools around the country.
Rock climbing
The most popular natural rocks in Britain include the Peak District, the Lake District, while large areas of Scotland are a climber’s ideal place. Climbing courses and climbing walls can be found on the website of the British Mountaineering Council (0870 010 4878, www.thebmc.co.uk).
1. If a couple with their child of 15 join in Canyoning for a day, they will pay ________.| A．￡130 | B．￡160 | C．￡260 | D．￡320 |
| A．Canyoning. | B．Diving. | C．Surfing. | D．Rock climbing. |
| A．Visitors who want to pay a visit to Britain |
| B．Visitors in Britain who are keen on extreme sports |
| C．Chinese students who are interested in British culture |
| D．Travelers who are enthusiastic about camping in China |
【推荐2】Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program.
The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty.
What are we looking for?
You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum.
You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work.
What are we offering you?
We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world.
How to apply?
Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply.
1. The JPA program helps the young ______.| A．graduate with high honors |
| B．find solid and well-paid jobs |
| C．get entry-level work experience |
| D．challenge their senior workmates |
| A．Age 28 or under. |
| B．Superb technology skills. |
| C．Having a master’s degree. |
| D．Fluency in English and Latin. |
| A．A two-year contract with welfare. |
| B．Interviews with general managers. |
| C．Positions in applicants’ hometowns. |
| D．Analytical and research skills training. |
【推荐3】Get 25% off cooking kits from Little Cooks Co
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1. Who are the cooking kits mentioned in the first paragraph for?| A．Kids. | B．Bakers. |
| C．Nutritionists. | D．Cooking teachers. |
| A．They cost just £8.33 a year. |
| B．They are designed by housewives. |
| C．They have a shelf life of up to 12 months. |
| D．They include prepared ingredients for cooking. |
| A．By buying a discount card. | B．By offering a discount code. |
| C．By choosing a subscription provided. | D．By calling Little Cooks Co in advance. |
