As one of the biggest topics of the last decade, sustainability has become the beacon (灯塔) of hope to protect the planet. From supermarkets taking action on plastic packaging to the zero waste movement that can be practised from your kitchen, changes made by individuals and organizations across the globe have had an impact on the way we think, shop and live.
So what does that mean for the world of technology? You’d be forgiven for thinking that the words “sustainable” and “technology” don’t usually go hand in hand. E-waste is, after all, one of the planet’s biggest contributing waste streams. Not only that, but the materials that go into technology products are also part of the problem.
But with a challenge comes an opportunity, and there’s already some brilliant progress happening — great news for those of us wanting to be more sustainable with our technology. Firstly renewed products are having its moment. While consumers would previously turn their noses up at the idea of a second-hand device, there’s been a huge surge in demand for renewed technology products. The second major step in tackling the problem of e-waste is a change in attitudes from owning a product to subscribing for one. A subscription for a smartphone might sound like a foreign concept, but it’s already gaining momentum. At the forefront of this movement is a London-based technology startup, which offers a subscription service for the latest smartphones. As customers aren’t paying to own the phone at the end of their contract, the monthly price is significantly lower than average.
Studies show that extending a phone’s lifespan from one to four years can decrease its environmental impact by about 40%. So the next time it comes to refreshing your device — whether a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet or something else — consider the more environmentally friendly options that are at your fingertips.
1. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?A.To change the way we think, shop and live. |
B.To introduce the topic of sustainability in technology. |
C.To tell us what people have done to protect the planet. |
D.To call on people to do something for the environment. |
A.High-tech products are in short supply. |
B.E-waste contributes to the biggest waste streams. |
C.The two sustainability problems in technology. |
D.Ignoring sustainable technology is unforgivable. |
A.Supportive. | B.Unacceptable. |
C.Sympathy | D.Doubtful. |
A.By upgrading the old one. |
B.By subscribing for a smartphone. |
C.By spending less money on a smartphone. |
D.By replacing the old one with the latest one |
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The Power and Problems of Eco-Tourism
Eco-tourism gained its popularity over the past two decades. At its core, eco-tourism promotes sustainable travel practices that benefit local communities and protect the environment. However, like any significant trend, it is vital to analyze its impact and understand both its merits (好处) and potential shortcomings.
Eco-tourism emerged as a response to the damaging effects of mass tourism. Coastal towns were being transformed into commercial centers, but the luxury resorts rarely invested back into the community. Over time, ecosystems suffered, local cultures were overshadowed, and the very essence of these destinations was at risk. On the other hand, eco-tourism focuses on smaller groups, environmental education, and local engagement.
One of the primary merits of eco-tourism is its emphasis on environmental conservation. It helps protect endangered species and reforest areas affected by deforestation. Take the mountain gorillas of Rwanda for instance, tourism income has played a crucial role in their conservation efforts, bringing them back from the edge of extinction.
Furthermore, eco-tourism often ensures that local communities benefit economically. Instead of leaving profits to international corporations, the income often stays within the community. Local artisans, guides, and service providers receive a more significant piece of the pie, ensuring that tourism acts as a tool for socio-economic growth.
Yet, eco-tourism is not without its problems. The term “eco-tourism” is sometimes misused or overused. Some businesses might claim themselves as “eco-friendly” purely as a marketing strategy, without truly making sustainable practices.
In conclusion, eco-tourism represents a significant change towards more sustainable travel, placing emphasis on the environment and local communities. However, as with any major movement, it’s essential to approach it with a critical eye. By doing so, we can ensure that our passion for travelling doesn’t come at the cost of our planet or its inhabitants, but rather enriches both the traveler and the destination.
1. How has eco-tourism impacted the mountain gorillas of Rwanda?2. What are the merits of eco-tourism?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Eco-tourism places emphasis on the environment and local communities, ensuring that our passion for travelling comes at the cost of our planet and its inhabitants.
4. Do you believe eco-tourism is a sustainable way to promote tourism without causing harm? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
【推荐2】As most people know, in the last few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only weakened the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people.
Therefore, effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to stop its happening. So how should we deal with the frightening sandstorms?
Some experts offer practical advice as follows: For one thing, more money ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection in order to keep more water on the Earth. For another, government of all countries should make laws on environment protection. For example, banning the use of throw-away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to lower the grade of its destruction and to improve the environment. As for some schools, education about sandstorms should be spread properly and timely to make more and more people attach great importance to this problem.
How people look forward to sunny days with soft wind touching their faces now and forever! The golden days can come back so long as we try our best to protect the natural environment from today on. And the fact is that what I expect is not just a dream. There are some sweet fruits from the early efforts.
1. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?A.Bad influences sandstorms bring. |
B.Ways to protect the environment. |
C.The biggest cause of sandstorms. |
D.The fast development of China. |
A.Two. | B.Three. | C.Four. | D.Five. |
A.The damage sandstorms cause can never be avoided. |
B.The author has confidence in fighting against sandstorms. |
C.The author is unsure about the future of the environment. |
D.The improvement of the environment is especially relaxing. |
A.Why people should always carry on with dreams. |
B.A bright world with no sandstorms anymore. |
C.How to realize our dream to live a happy life. |
D.Successful examples of stopping sandstorms. |
【推荐3】The deep and dark night sky is filled with wonder. Looking up at the bright stars, mysterious planets and ancient constellations (星座) brings a timeless feeling. Today, populated areas around the globe are enveloped in a type of fog that disconnects people from that amazing night sky, but reducing light pollution can help to restore the wonder.
After the sun sets, cities and suburbs across the globe are lit up with artificial lights. They glow along roads and highways and flood fields in sports stadiums. They also shine light on skyscrapers, malls, and flashing electronic signs. However, these lights negatively impact wildlife.
Artificial lighting has caused the firefly population to completely disappear in some areas, while lighthouse beams (光线) negatively impact marine species. In fact, in the US and Canada, 18 species of firefly are now classified as being threatened with a high risk of extinction in the next ten years.
Just leaving that light on affects the behavior of nocturnal pollinators (夜间传粉者) like moths, causing them to fly towards the light and not the flowers. This, in turn, negatively affects plants’ abilities to bear fruit and reproduce.
Many people are aware of many types of pollution including air, water, and land, but few realize that strong artificial lighting is harmful to all mammals, including humans. In order to make people aware of the importance of darkness, researchers wrote a world atlas (地图册) of artificial night sky brightness, which is published in Science Advances. Their findings reveal that 80 percent of the world populations live under a sky glow, with more than 99 percent of Americans and Europeans living under light-polluted skies.
Although individuals cannot control the highway and city lights, they can make a difference at home. And if everyone were to “turn off the switch”, it could help to bring back natural darkness in some areas. Light areas where light is needed and aim the light beams downwards. Try to use low-level lighting and be aware that some surfaces reflect more light into the sky.
1. What does the author mainly want to say in paragraph 2?A.Light pollution is actually widespread. |
B.Artificial lights bring people convenience. |
C.The use of artificial lights should be cut down. |
D.The night sky is beautifully lit up with those lights. |
A.The light has been too strong. | B.The pollinators destroy them. |
C.They are not pollinated in time. | D.They don’t receive enough light. |
A.To popularize artificial lighting. |
B.To call off environmental protection. |
C.To stress the civilizations of human beings. |
D.To bring awareness to the meaning of darkness. |
A.Turn off highway lights. | B.Use low-level lighting. |
C.Let light beams upwards. | D.Design energy-efficient lights. |
【推荐1】One of the problems with passwords (密码) is that users forget them. In an effort to remember them, people use simple things like their dog’s names and their birth dates — anything that will give them a clue to remember what their passwords are. But for a hacker(黑客), this is the same as locking your door and leaving the key under the doormat(门口地垫).
To create a safe password that is easy to remember, follow these simple steps:
You should never use personal information as part of your password. It is very easy for someone to guess things like your last name and your pet’s name.
With the help of today’s computing power, it doesn’t take long to try every word in the dictionary and find your password, so you’d better not use real words for your password.
You can make a password much safer by mixing different types of characters. Use some capital letters along with small letters, numbers and even special characters such as & and %.
In order not to create a password using different character types that is hard to remember or using a word from the dictionary, you can use a “passphrase(代码)”. Think of a sentence from a song or a poem that you like and create a password using the first letters from each word. For example, instead of just setting a password like “yr$1Hes”, you can take a sentence such as “I like to read the about.com Internet network security website” and make it a password like “il2rta!nsw” by using the number “2” for the word “to” and using “!” in place of “Internet”. You can use may characters types and create a safe password that is hard to guess, but much easier for you to remember.
1. The underlined word “clue” in the passage is similar to “_____” in meaning.A.an explanation | B.a condition |
C.a conclusion | D.a piece of information |
A.different capital letters | B.long English words from the dictionary |
C.sentences from a song or a poem | D.the first letters from each word of a sentence |
A.jessica208. | B.19890703. |
C.il2rta!nsw. | D.3About&5. |
A.How to use you passwords correctly. |
B.How to keep others away from your computers. |
C.How to protect your private information online. |
D.How to make you passwords safer and easier to remember. |
【推荐2】Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name — phubbers(低头族).
Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie(自拍照)in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world.
Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.
But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.
It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.
1. For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragragh2?A.To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing. |
B.To advertise the cartoon made by students. |
C.To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers. |
D.To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients. |
A.His social skills could be affected. |
B.His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed. |
C.He will cause the destruction of the world. |
D.He might get separated from his friends and family. |
A.Advice on how to use a cell phone. |
B.People who are addicted to phubbing. |
C.The possible consequences of phubbing. |
D.Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing. |
【推荐3】The idea behind Facebook is to make us feel connected all the time.But in my research, I’ve found that the truth is quite different.
Technology, it turns out, has made being alone seem like a problem that needs solving.When young people are alone, even for a minute or two, they feel the need to connect, to get on Facebook or some other social networks and chat.But in connecting, they often end up feeling more isolated.Why?Because by being in constant(不断的)connection, they lose the ability to feel satisfied with their own company(独处).
Facebook can help us keep in touch with our friends, but we too often use it instead of spending facetoface time with them.And since we feel the need to keep up with them online, we don’t have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone.
—Sherry Turkle, Professor
Facebook connects more of us to more of our friends and family in more places than we have ever been connected before.Yes, Facebook is a huge time sink—maybe the biggest ever.Many people post useless stuff.And seeing too much of your friends’ lives can make you jealous(嫉妒的), but it won’t make you lonely.
Jane, a former student of mine, who is back in New York after living abroad for ten years, told me that Facebook helps her a lot.The first time she moved back to New York from abroad, she felt disconnected from her family and friends.Now,because of lots of photos and information updates(更新), she knows what is happening with her friends all the time.
In fact, if you are lonely in real life, you will be lonely online as well.
—Sree Sreenivasan, Chief Digital Officer
1. The underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 2 means“________”.A.free | B.selfish | C.careless | D.lonely |
A.feel satisfied with our life | B.avoid using social networks |
C.keep in touch with our friends | D.enjoy moments of loneliness |
A.Hopeful. | B.Doubtful. | C.Thankful. | D.Regretful. |
A.educate | B.discuss | C.persuade | D.introduce |
【推荐1】With more and more people swimming at beaches every year, the problem of sharks takes on new importance. There are people who still insist that sharks never attack human beings unless they are bleeding or wounded, but this thought has not been clearly proved. In the past few years, on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, there have been cases of shark attacks which resulted in death. And just how many of the swimmers who have disappeared were victims of shark attacks will never be known. Clearly, these violent fish can be dangerous. Several species are known to attack human beings, and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks, once having tasted human blood, develop a taste for it.
The chances that one will come across a shark are small, but certain measures should be taken by everyone. Putting hands or legs over the side of a boat in warm water is to be avoided. Swimming far out from beaches is inviting trouble. No swimmer should go great distances from shore alone, or go into the water when nobody else is about. Skin divers, particularly those who go deep down in the water or among rocks and ledges(暗礁) that serve as hiding places for sharks, are taking unnecessary risks.
If one is in a boat that is rubbed against by a shark, he should remember the creature is not trying to upset his boat; it is probably trying to rub off sea lice (海虱). A beat, especially on the nose, will scare it away. If a swimmer comes across a shark, he should swim away as quietly as possible, trying to avoid making it angry. He should also head for shore (岸) as quickly as possible.
1. What should be done if a shark rubs against your boat?A.Stir up the water. | B.Shout and scream. |
C.Kick the shark. | D.Hit it on the nose. |
A.Certain sharks will become interested in human blood when they have tasted it. |
B.Certain sharks will hate human blood again after they have tasted it. |
C.Certain sharks will taste human blood every day after they have tasted it. |
D.Certain sharks will lose sense of taste when they have tasted human blood. |
A.Places with sea lice in water. | B.Somewhere near the beaches. |
C.Among the rocks and ledges. | D.It isn’t mentioned in the passage. |
A.Some people don’t think sharks will attack human . |
B.It’s impossible for swimmers to run into sharks. |
C.Swimmers should be very careful about sharks. |
D.It’s safe to swim alone far away from the bench. |
【推荐2】On US TV shows, you may sometimes see rubber balls on people’s desks. These balls are known as “stress relief balls”. People can squeeze them when they feel stressed out. It’s believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing, they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.
“We don’t all get the big, sunny corner office, the super ergonomic (人体工程学的) chair, or four weeks of vacation at work. A focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day,” wrote Joseph Shrand, a professor at Harvard University, in his book Manage Your Stress.
Indeed, stress is a big problem for many people. Fortunately, we have many ways to deal with it. In fact, the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China. Back in the Han Dynasty (BC 202-AD 220), soldiers used walnuts (核桃)to get rid of stress. By squeezing them during moments of anxiety, soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle. And in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), people started rotating (转动) the walnuts in their hands. Ordinary citizens — not just soldiers — developed the habit of rolling two walnuts, or balls made from iron or stone, around in their hands. This helped them relax as well.
And today, we have many gadgets (器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls. One example is the popular fidget spinner (指尖陀螺), which keeps your hand busy with an easy task — spinning the gadget around. There’s also the fidget cube, which features different “gimmicks” (机关) on each side of the cube. You can click, spin, pull, push and rotate different parts of the cube.
These gadgets may look like simple toys, but perhaps we should take them more seriously than they are given credit for. “After all, the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping (应对),” reporter Nadia Berenstein wrote for Woolly magazine.
1. What did Shrand suggest people do to relieve stress?A.Move to a big, sunny office. | B.Get a comfortable chair. |
C.Take a long vacation. | D.Concentrate on a simple activity. |
A.Toys designed for American TV shows. | B.Walnuts used by Chinese soldiers before battle. |
C.Stone balls from ancient China. | D.Gadgets invented in the Ming Dynasty. |
A.Rotating walnuts | B.Playing with fidget spinners |
C.Playing with fidget cubes | D.Wearing wristbands with small balls |
A.introduce stress relief toys | B.prove that stress is a big problem |
C.tell the history of stress relief balls | D.offer advice on dealing with stress |
【推荐3】New Zealand’s government released its first-ever climate adaptation plan, which includes the possibility of moving some communities to higher ground. But the six-year plan, which runs nearly 200 pages, is short of some important details, including how much the changes will cost and who will pay.
Climate Change Minister James Shaw said that about 70,000 coastal homes in New Zealand were at risk from rising seas, and many more inland homes were at risk from flooding rivers. He said New Zealand had been slow to adapt to climate change, which would end up costing more money over time. “I am frustrated that for the last three decades, successive governments have not paid any attention in any real form to the challenges that we face from the effects of climate change,” Shaw said.
The National Adaptation Plan includes the possible relocation of low-lying homes and assets as rising seas and increased storms make flooding more common. “In some highly exposed areas, the risk from natural hazard and climate impacts may become intolerable,” the report says. The report says that a “managed retreat (撤离)” from such areas will often be considered a last resort, to be used in combination with other adaptations such as installing seawalls and raising houses on stilts.
Shaw said the costs for adaptation would be borne by a combination of homeowners, insurers, banks, local councils and central government. He said the government was taking hardship into account, and would target help to those least able to pay for changes themselves. The plan also aims to make climate-change data more widely accessible, which in some cases could impact insurance rates and property prices.
Luke Harrington, a senior lecturer in climate change at the University of Waikato, said in a statement the report was a timely reminder that New Zealand needed to deal not only with rising seas, but also with other climate impacts such as more severe droughts and extreme rainfall. “This National Adaptation Plan is a great first step towards dealing with some of these challenges, though paucity remains in some of the details,” he said.
1. What does the climate adaptation plan of New Zealand include?A.The investors of the plan. | B.The cost of carrying out the plan. |
C.All details about adapting to climate change. | D.Moving some communities to higher ground. |
A.Many New Zealanders were threatened by climate change. |
B.New Zealand had taken fast measures to climate change. |
C.New Zealand had invested much money to climate change. |
D.Many governments have made efforts to deal with the challenges. |
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.Satisfaction. | B.Shortage. | C.Attraction. | D.Chance. |