In January 2020, over a bottle of wine, Tulane University students Franziska Trautmann and Max Steitz were sharing their disappointment about having no glass recycling(回收利用) in New Orleans. They wanted to create a system that would recycle glass into something useful. With that, their grassroots glass recycling organization, Glass Half Full, was born.
In a period of a global sand shortage, Glass Half Full is creating a way to compete with sand digging and mining, which disturb ecosystems, damage coastlines, and cost millions of dollars. Louisiana, where the organization is based, loses on average a football field of coastal wetlands an hour. Glass Half Full creates sand that, among other things, is used to rebuild coastlines and prevent floods.
Glass and drink bottles are collected through a system of free drop-off collecting stations and roadside pickup. The glass is pulverized (粉碎), separated and recollected for use in varieties of projects. The sand and glass pieces are used for disaster prevention, coastal rebuild, eco-construction, and new glass products.
Founders Trautmann and Steitz also hope their project will make people think that they have the power to work to protect the environment as individuals(个人)and as a community. Trautmann said, “We always hear, ‘Oh, we can’t do anything about global warming. We can’t do anything about the environment. It’s all the big companies and the government. It’s up to them. ‘But when you collect glass over one year, you will know individuals can do something. All those little things add up to something much bigger. ”
Glass Half Full’s work is supported by a team of volunteers and crowdfunding efforts, making it truly a community effort. A successful one, too—in their very first year, they helped to recycle over 650, 000 pounds of glass.
1. What is the idea behind Glass Half Full?A.Selling more recyclable glass. |
B.Recycling glass into something useful. |
C.Founding a grassroots organization. |
D.Raising money to protect the environment. |
A.Improve. | B.Punish. | C.Break. | D.Repair, |
A.The result of glass recycling. | B.The reason for glass recycling. |
C.The future of glass recycling. | D.The way of glass recycling. |
A.Individuals can make a difference. |
B.Global warming affects governments. |
C.Big companies can deal with global warming. |
D.We can do nothing about environmental protection. |
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【推荐1】Cars are “boxes collecting toxic(有毒的)gases” that stunt the growth of children, a leading expert has warned. Professor Sir David King said that parents should avoid driving their little ones to school and encourage them to walk instead. Vehicles(车辆)provide hardly any protection from the deadly gases, while walking is already known to be good for health.
Sir David told The Guardian: “Children sitting in the backseat of vehicles are probably breathing in polluted air. You may be driving a cleaner vehicle but your children are sitting in a box collecting toxic gases from all the vehicles around you. The best thing for all our health is to leave our cars behind. It’s been shown that the advantages of walking and cycling far outweigh the costs of breathing in pollution.” Sir David added: “If more drivers knew the damage they could be doing to their children, I think they’d think twice about getting in the car.”
His warming comes after recent research found that children’s brains slow down when they are put in high levels of air pollution. The study found pupils who breathed in toxic gases on the way to school had difficulty in performing as well as their classmates Spanish researchers said their findings appeared to show that polluted air is harming children’s brains as well as their lungs.
Toxic air is responsible for 40,000 deaths a year in the UK---and Brussels has warned Britain it could face if it continued to break EU safety rules. Former research has shown that too much polluted air will shorten people’s life length. Air pollution falls only behind cancer, obesity and heart disease in the biggest health risks to the nation, Prime Minister Theresa May recently said.
1. What does the underlined word “stunt” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Slow down | B.Speed up |
C.Set down | D.Keep up |
A.It’s better to cycle or walk kids to school |
B.Driving costs more than walking and cycling |
C.A cleaner vehicle will not collect toxic gases |
D.Most people have a good knowledge of toxic gases |
A.Air pollution only affects kids’ lungs |
B.Air pollution levels have risen in Spain |
C.Air pollution has greatly changed kids’ character |
D.Air pollution may worsen kids’ school performance |
A.Ignore EU safety rules |
B.Take steps to improve air quality |
C.Encourage people to drive cleaner vehicles |
D.Stop parents from driving children to school |
【推荐2】Over the past months, terrible things have occurred around the world: the ground under the German town of Erftstadt is torn apart by flood waters; Lytton in British Columbia is burned from the map just a day after setting an extremely high temperature record; cars float like dead fish through the streets-turned-canals in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou. All the world feels at risk and there seem no safe places to hide. Research has found that all these have something to do with greenhouse-gas emission (排放), which has produced a planet more than 1℃ (1.8°F) warmer than the 18th century.
With emissions continuing, it will get worse. If temperatures rise by 3℃ in the coming decades, large parts of the tropics (热带地区) risk becoming too hot for outdoor work. Coral reefs and the sea life depending on them will disappear and so will the Amazon rainforest. Severe harvest failures will be common. Ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland will shrink (收缩) past the point of no return, promising sea rises measured not in millimetres, as today’s are, but in metres.
Some cautious adaptations have been put into effect. However, cutting emissions alone is far from enough. it’s also wise to study the most amazing form of adaptation: solar geoengineering.
Research over the past 15 years has suggested that solar geoengineering might significantly reduce some of the harms from greenhouse warming. It seeks to make clouds or particle layers (粒子层) in the atmosphere a bit more mirror-like. reflecting away some sunlight. It cannot provide a straightforward equal and opposite response to greenhouse gas warming; it will tend, for example. to reduce precipitation (降水) more than temperature, potentially changing rainfall patterns to ease the problem of global warming.
1. What does the underlined “these” refer to in Paragraph 1?A.The severe risks the world is facing. |
B.The terrible floods the earth is experiencing. |
C.The extreme weather the planet is undergoing. |
D.The unsafe places the emission has created. |
A.By listing examples. | B.By using figures. |
C.By asking questions. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.It will change the global temperature patterns. |
B.It may cut greenhouse gas emissions significantly. |
C.It will provide a direct response to global temperature. |
D.It may prevent sunlight from reaching the earth directly. |
A.Global warming—bad news for the world. |
B.Cautious Adaptations—good news for the world. |
C.Solar Geoengineering—new solutions to global warming. |
D.Greenhouse gas emission—familiar problems with global warming. |
【推荐3】Plastic is the workhorse material of the modern economy (经济). Lightweight and durable, it’s been used to make a vast number of products since its introduction over 100 years ago.
However, a study carried out by the World Economic Forum, the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey Company showed the status of the breakdown in the global plastic system. A full 32% of the 78 million tons of plastic packaging produced annually is left to flow into our oceans.
The Ocean Cleanup, a start-up founded in 2013, is the brainchild of Boyan Slat, who came up with the idea for the company when he was just 17 years old. Since then, it’s received more than $2 million in funding(基金). The company plans to use a large array (列阵) that will be fixed to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. This will have arms that spread out over 100 km, getting all of the plastic garbage pushed into its nets. This is then collected by a 10,000-metre-cube container that will be emptied monthly.
Most recently, the Ocean Cleanup launched a team of explorers aboard a specially refitted C-130 Hercules aircraft heavily loaded with specialized sensor equipment. It discovered that the problem was worse than expected with an abundance of plastics measuring up to 1.5 m across and at a higher density than previously thought. The organization will continue to pilot the array and will start cleaning the pile before the end of the decade.
Once the plastic is out, what should we do with it? The foundation (基金会) hopes that the plastic from the ocean will have a commercial value which can help to fund the project. Ocean plastic is not easy to use, it’s mixed by nature consisting of everything from intact PET bottles to micro plastics. However, some of the world's biggest companies also see the chance to market oceans plastic products.
Transforming today’s plastics economy from its present form (take-make-waste) to a zero waste circular economy (take-make-take-make) is a difficult challenge. However, with cooperative action from producers, recyclers, governments and consumers alike and continuing innovation (革新) it can be done.
1. What’s Boyan Slat’s idea about?A.A way to collect ocean plastic waste. |
B.A new product made of ocean plastic. |
C.A machine to recycle plastic garbage. |
D.An organization to research into plastic. |
A.Flexibility. | B.Thickness. |
C.Width. | D.Strength. |
A.It’ll be turned into treasure. | B.It’ll sponsor the foundation. |
C.It’ll cooperate with the government. | D.It’ll take the form of take-make-waste. |
A.A diary. | B.A guidebook. |
C.A novel. | D.A magazine |
【推荐1】The pasty (馅饼) has been a recorded part of the British diet since the 13th century, at this time being enjoyed by the rich upper classes. The fillings were different and rich. It wasn’t until the 17th and 18th centuries that the pasty was popular among miners and farm workers in Cornwall as a means for providing themselves with easy and tasty meals while they worked. And so the Cornish pasty was born.
Traditionally, the pasty fillings are beef with potato, onion and swede! As meat was much more expensive in the 17th and 18th centuries, its presence was rare and so pasties traditionally included much more vegetables than today. The presence of carrot in a pasty, although common now, was the mark of a poor pasty at first.
Filling ideas are endless however, and can be as different as your taste will take you. There is much discussion as to whether the ingredients (原料) should be mixed together first or lined up on the pastry in a special order. However, there is agreement that the meat should be cut into pieces, the vegetables sliced and none should be cooked before they are sealed (密封) within the pastry. It is this that makes the Cornish pasty different from other similar foods.
It was such a commonly used method of eating amongst the miners that some mines had tools down the mineshafts (井筒) specifically to cook the pasties. If they were cooked in the mornings, the pastry could keep the fillings warm for 8-10 hours and, when held close to the body, keep the miners warm too. It was also common for the pasties to provide not only a main course lunch, but also a sweet or fruity dessert course. The salty filling would be cooked at one end of the pasty and the sweet course at the other end. Hopefully these ends would be marked on the outside too!
1. What do we know about the pasty in the 13th century?A.It was widely eaten by the rich upper classes. |
B.It was popular among miners and farm workers. |
C.It was enjoyed in Cornwall only. |
D.It had few and simple fillings. |
A.be more expensive | B.be sold out very soon |
C.be made without other fillings | D.be seen as one of bad quality |
A.Its fillings shouldn’t be cooked before they are sealed. |
B.Its ingredients should be put in the correct order. |
C.Its fillings can’t be very different. |
D.Its ingredients should be mixed. |
A.To compare different pasties. | B.To show how to make pasties. |
C.To encourage people to taste pasties. | D.To introduce the basic information of pasties. |
【推荐2】We all know ultra-processed foods are harmful to us, but it seems hard to resist the sweet smell of sweets and cakes. However, recently published research may make you think twice before picking up the colourful sweets next time.
UItra-processed foods range from the sweets that turn your tongue blue to those healthier- sounding canned soups packed with artificial(人工的))flavours. All in all, they are typically much more calorie-,sodium-(钠)and sugar-packed. According to the research, people who eat more ultra-processed foods are more likely to be more obese(病态肥胖的) and overweight, and tend to have a higher risk of having heart problems, diabetes or even cancer, including colorectal cancer(结肠直肠癌), breast cancer,etc.
This new link was observed when researchers analysed 24-hour dietary records of nearly 105,000dults. Participants recorded what they ate from a list of 3, 300 food items. Those items were later divided into different groups based on the degree to which they were processed.
"Ultra-processed fats and sauces, sugary products and drinks were associated with an increased risk of overall cancer, "the study says. Researchers have found that a 10% increase in the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet was related to an even greater increase in risks for overall cancer and breast cancer.
Faced with the surprising results, the researchers did many analysis and adjusted the findings for other factors, according to the study co-author Mathilde Touvier, and still, the results were quite concerning. She and her team suggested that people should try to limit the consumption of ultra-processed foods, making a balanced and diversified diet one of the prime concerns about public health.
1. What is the feature of ultra-processed foods?A.They are often served in large volumes |
B.They are more calorie-, sodium-and sugar-packed |
C.They are cooked for a long time |
D.They contain no nutrition at all |
A.faced | B.connected | C.recorded | D.shared |
A.Ultra-processed sugary product is the reason for an increased risk of colorectal cancer. |
B.Eating a lot of processed meat like bacon is tied to an increased overall cancer risk |
C.Ultra-processed products are not responsible for an increased risk of breast cancer. |
D.People who live on ultra-processed foods are more likely to have heart problems or diabetes |
A.Cancers are caused by ultra-processed foods. |
B.Eating less ultra-processed foods benefits people a lot. |
C.UItra-processed foods are linked to increased cancer risk. |
D.UItra-processed foods are associated with overweight. |
【推荐3】What will the future school look like is difficult to make clear, but most experts agree that the school will be electronic in the future .
" Present-day schools will no longer exist in the next century," says a report in The Age. "At that time, future schools will become community-style centers, which run seven days a week,24 hours a day. ” At the same time, computers will surely become a central part of the school in the future.
According to The Age, the distant learning will be popular and students will listen to teachers on computers. Going into classrooms on their computers, students will study at any time, which is very easy for them. However, it is necessary for students to go to the actual school in order to develop some social skills.
The Seashore Primary School is an imaginary school in the future created by the Education Department of Australia. At this school, all the teachers and students have laptop computers . Teachers check messages and call students back on a special telephone system and students use telephones to search for information or speak to their experts who teach their lessons. Besides, all the lessons are related to all sorts of subjects and all the students have their own learning plans created by teachers .
As one headmaster says, a laptop computer is students5 library, data storage (数据存储)as well as the bridge to a wider world. Technology has changed the emphasis of future learning. Thus, well pay more attention to the learning of kids rather than the teaching.
1. According to the report in The Age, students in future schools will _______.A.have no teachers | B.study at a set time |
C.mainly study online | D.never go to actual school |
A.telephones are important in Australia |
B.how future schools will work |
C.every student needs a learning plan |
D.students enjoy getting in touch with teachers |
A.The Schools in the Future |
B.Great Changes in Technology |
C.The Seashore Primary School |
D.Actual Schools to Be Replaced |