Solar farms offer one way to meet the world’s decarbonization targets, but they could also be used to deal with another of the planet’s big problems: loss of biodiversity. The approach is starting to take off. Residents of Barnsdale, for example, will soon play host to a new solar farm lined with grass field of wildflowers and native grasses, which Banks Group, the developer, says will promote pollinating insects.
The idea comes from the combination of two long-term trends: declining numbers of pollinating insects and the growing amount of land distributed to solar farms. According to the Center for Biological Diversity in Arizona, more than 40 percent of insect pollinators globally are listed as “highly threatened”—an issue that could seriously threaten food security. Meanwhile, solar-energy competence has been increasing. Matthew O’Neal, a scientist at Iowa State University, would like to see more solar developers seize this opportunity.
The benefits of such projects don’t stop at the insects. Research from Yale’s Center for Business and the Environment indicates that pollinator-friendly solar farms can raise crop output on nearby farmland, increase the recharging of groundwater and reduce soil erosion. In 2018, a US Department of Energy study found that if all existing and planned solar facilities near soybean and cranberry crops included pollinator home and increased output by just one percent, annual crop values could rise by US $1.75 million, US $4 million and US $233,000, respectively.
“Farmers could identify unprofitable areas, such as poor, highly erodible lands, as candidates for a pollinator-friendly solar farm. There’s the potential to increase their net income with pollinator motivation projects,” says O’Neal.
With enough forward thinking, these studies show, clean energy can provide new environmental opportunities. “We’re at a turning point with energy production and we’re seeing more opportunities to provide extra benefits that wouldn’t have been considered with older methods of energy generation,” says O’Neal. “You never heard of a coal mine planning pollinator conservation.”
1. What can be an additional function of solar farms according to paragraph 1?A.Adding the amount of farmland. | B.Addressing the decline of biodiversity. |
C.Improving the solar-energy competence. | D.Increasing the amount of profitable areas. |
A.Reduce the size of their farms. |
B.Live away from pollinator-friendly solar farms. |
C.Grow their crops near areas rich in groundwater. |
D.Make full use of soil erosion areas to make extra profits. |
A.Supportive. | B.Conservative. | C.Skeptical. | D.Uncertain. |
A.Solar Power Is Starting to Take Off |
B.Solar Energy Will Be in Urgent Need |
C.Solar Farms Can Deal with the Loss of Biodiversity |
D.Solar Farms Need to Expand the Amount of Farmland |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】City air is in a sorry state. It is dirty and hot. Outdoor pollution kills 4.2 million people a year, according to the World Health Organization. Concrete and blacktop, meanwhile, absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also take the place of plants which would otherwise cool things down by transpiration. The never-ending spread of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands, discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves, which are in any case likely to become more frequent as the planet warms.
A possible answer to the twin problems is trees. Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly trap airborne particulate matter, which is then washed to the ground by rain. And trees cool things down. Besides transpiration, they provide shade. Their leaves have, after all, developed to block sunlight.
To cool an area effectively, though, trees must be planted in quantity. In 2009, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need 40% tree coverage to cut urban heat back meaningfully. Unfortunately, not all cities — and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries — are blessed with parks, private gardens or even decorative street trees in sufficient numbers. And the problem is likely to get worse. At the moment, 55% of people live in cities. By 2050 that share is expected to reach 68%.
Some botanists believe they have at least a partial solution to this lack of urban vegetation. It is to plant very small simulacra of natural forests, ecologically engineered for rapid growth, Over the course of a career that began in the 1950s, Akira Miyawaki, the team leader and a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan, have developed a way to do this starting with even the most unpromising and in-bad-condition areas.
The method originated in Japan and was later introduced to other Asian countries. As it has become known, the Miyawaki method is finding increasing prevalence around the world. In Europe, Belgium; France and the Netherlands are all home to Miyawaki forests. Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebuild the process of ecological succession, by which bare lands develop naturally into mature forests.
1. What are the twin problems in the text?A.Air pollution and heatwaves. | B.Lack of water and green space. |
C.Bad weather and road conditions. | D.High-rise buildings and traffic jams. |
A.Paragraph 2. | B.Paragraph 3. | C.Paragraph 4. | D.Paragraph 5. |
A.Return. | B.Threat. | C.Trade. | D.Favour. |
A.What mature forests are. | B.How bare land comes into being. |
C.How the Miyawaki method works. | D.Why the Miyawaki method is popular. |
【推荐2】Should We Create More National Parks to Save Endangered Animals?
Don’t you find it worrying that more and more species of animals are in real danger of becoming extinct?
In addition, national parks protect animals from the danger of being hunted. A major reason why many species are endangered is that these animals are killed by hunters. They hunt animals to make money.
On the other hand, some people fight against the creation of national parks because they consider it is wrong to interfere with nature. They believe that wild animals are happier living in their natural environment.
All in all, these disadvantages are far less important than the benefits of national parks.
A.To begin with, animals are important to humans. |
B.Some hunters even hunt animals simply for sport. |
C.I personally believe that we must save these animals. |
D.These parks allow animals to live in a safe environment. |
E.Firstly, national parks protect these animals’ natural environment. |
F.They say though the animals may face danger, they enjoy a free life. |
G.There is a heated discussion about whether to create more national parks. |
【推荐3】Make Albertsville Shine
After a long and snowy winter, spring has finally come to Albertsville. The leaves are out on the trees, and the grass is green again. All around town, people are cleaning up their homes. They are pulling weeds and planting flowers. They are sweeping yards and washing windows. Before long, Albertsville will look as fresh and shiny as a new coin, right?
Definitely not. Just take a look at the streets and sidewalks around town. There is litter( 垃圾 ) everywhere: fast food wrappers, soft drink cans, plastic bags, and more. This litter is dirty and ugly. It takes the shine off our lovely town.
But it doesn’t have to be this way. In many neighboring towns, volunteer groups “adopt(认领 )” a mile of a street or road to keep clean. The groups include schools and clubs. Volunteers pick up litter, cut bushes, wash sidewalks, and even plant flowers!
Sure, the volunteers work hard, but they also get to enjoy the beauty of their town. Better yet, they feel proud of themselves for making their town a better place to live.
So what are the people of Albertsville waiting for? Talk to people in your school or club about adopting part of a street or road. Then get to work! If enough volunteer groups get busy, Albertsville really will shine this spring.
1. Albertsville doesn’t look fresh and shiny because of _____.
A.the lack of trees | B.the litter on the roads |
C.the dirty and ugly houses | D.the bad weather in spring |
A.picking up wastes | B.looking after plants |
C.raising money | D.cleaning sidewalks |
A.persuade(说服) people to stop littering |
B.describe(描述) the beauty of Albertsville |
C.call on(号召) people to help clean up Albertsville |
D.compare(比较) Albertsville with neighboring towns |
【推荐1】Whitehead is on his way to a larldmark place in African-American history in more ways than one. Three years ago, he published a novel, The Underground Railroad, which earned him fame in literature. With it, he became only the second writer of color and sixth writer ever to win both a National Book Award and a Pultzer Prize for the same novel. The book, which imagines an actual railroad for the transportation of enslaved(被奴役的)people in search of freedom, was also an Oprah's Book Club selection, sold over a million copies and earned the praise of President Obama. Barry Jenkins. the Oscar-winning director of Moonlight and If Beale Street Could Talk, is adapting it into a limited series.
His another novel. The Nickel Boys, out July 16. follows two boys struggling through their sentences at an abusure reform school under the specter of segregation(种族歧视)in the 1960s,. It's a book that will further cement his place in the list of influential American writers.
He has Written seven books of fiction and two books of nonfiction over a 20-year career. And even before The Underground Railroad, he had earned prizes and become a best seller. Explorations of race and history have been a through line from his early works--his first and second novels, The Intuitionist and John Henry Days—to the present.
But Whitehead is unwilling to be boxed in by any school of thinking, any mode of creating. He has also written satire(讽刺文学)(Apex Hides the Hurt), zombie horror(Zone One)and a humorous non-fiction book on poker(The Noble Hustle), George Saunders, a popular contemporary, writes to TIME: "He is a splendidly talented writer, with more range than any other American novelist currently working—he can be furmy. Iyrical, satirical, earnest—whatever is needed by the work."
1. Why does the author mention Oprah, President Obama and Barry Jenkins in the first paragraph?A.To indicate that Whitehead is as famous as them. |
B.To describe the contents of The Underground Railroad. |
C.To show the popularity and success of The Underground Railroad. |
D.To introduce the relationship between Whitehead and other famous figures. |
A.Connect. | B.Strengthen |
C.Explain. | D.Declare |
A.The Underground Railroad is his first novel that won prizes. |
B.The Nickel Boys, set in the 1960s, was published on July 16. |
C.The Intuitionist is his second novel whose theme is race and history. |
D.The Noble Hustle is a good fiction book that can bring people laughter. |
A.Whitehead is boxed in by a certain mode of creating. |
B.Whitehead is best known for his talent for writing novels. |
C.Whitehead is considered the best American novelist at present. |
D.Whitehead is expert at creating works of various writing styles. |
【推荐2】When it comes to natural disasters, floods come first in the USA since they kill more people and destroy more properties each year than tornadoes, hurricanes, lightning and so on. Flooding is already happening in the Mississippi. So, roll up your pant legs and get ready, because the best way to deal with floods is to be prepared.
Communication is key. When all systems are normal you have multiple modes of getting in touch with loved ones. But if cell phone towers are damaged from major flooding, you need a backup. Have a plan in place for how everyone will get in touch with each other, including a safe place to meet up in the event you have to evacuate. And then add a Plan B. And C.
Store an emergency kit. As water floods around you, it’ll be important to have safe drinking water available to everyone for at least three days. So fill your emergency kit with canned food to guarantee enough supply, since cooking might be unfeasible for a while during the floods. Think about what else you’ll want to have handy, including batteries, flashlights, blankets, rubber boots and a first-aid kit. A battery-operated, or wind-up, radio is vital.
It’s great to be prepared, but what if a flash flood rushes in before you’ve had a chance to leave? The safest way is to get as high up as possible at once, and then call 911, trying to avoid the flood water at all costs. Do not, for instance, wander around in the basement or any room in which water is covering the electrical lines.
If you evacuated, don’t return until the authorities give you the announcement that floods are decreasing to the minimum. Your home’s structure and power might all be fragile. At this stage, patience is vital. At home you might as well sit tight and wait for the waters to die down, and for the electricians to assess the damage.
1. Why do the floods come first in the USA?A.Because people are more afraid to be struck by floods. |
B.Because floods is hard to be well prepared beforehand. |
C.Because flooding is already happening in the Mississippi. |
D.Because they are more destructive than other natural disasters. |
A.storing enough food | B.owning a first-aid kit |
C.building a cell phone tower | D.needing a backup plan |
A.important | B.impossible | C.useful | D.accessible |
A.Rush to the height. | B.Call 911 to get help. |
C.Hide in the basement. | D.Try to avoid the floods. |
【推荐3】The Costa Book Awards consistently pick winners that are both of the moment and subsequently endure. It’s our pleasure to confirm this year’s Category Winners.
First Novel Award Winner
Book: Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine
Author: Gail Honeyman
Eleanor is 31 years old; work finishes on a Friday and begins again on a Monday. Between, her only company will be two bottles of vodka and her own unique wisdom. It is an unexpected shared experience that suddenly opens the door to possibility. Challenging reader expectations with a living, breathing character, Gail Honeyman’s debut is a funny and moving diamond.
Biography Award Winner
Book: In the Days of Rain
Author: Rebecca Stott
The Exclusive Brethren was a closed community who believed the world is ruled by Satan. Into this is born Rebecca. Her father had been an influential Brethren Minister. As her father lay dying, he begged her to help him write the memoir. He wanted to tell the story of their family who for generations had all been members of a fundamentalist Christian sect.
Poetry Award Winner
Book: Inside the Wave
Author: Helen Dunmore
To be alive is to be inside the wave, always travelling until it breaks and is gone. These poems are concerned with the borderline between the living and the dead—the underworld and the human living world—and the acutely intense being of both.
Children’s Award Winner
Book: The Explorer
Author: Katherine Rundell, Hannah Horn
Four children survive their aircraft plunging into the Amazon jungle, but for Fred and his friends, ifs only the beginning of a cruel battle for survival. Having a real command of character and incident, Rundell has few peers in superb children’s fiction.
1. Which character in the book lives alone and like drinking?A.Fred. | B.Gail Honeyman. |
C.Rebecca. | D.Eleanor Oliphant. |
A.Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine. |
B.Inside the Wave. |
C.In the Days of Rain. |
D.The Explorer. |
A.Few children’s fiction is as good as Randell’s. |
B.The Explorer is no better than other children’s fictions. |
C.Randell has written a lot of excellent children’s books. |
D.Randell cooperates with others in writing children’s fiction. |