In many families today, both the mother and the father have jobs outside the home. This can make it difficult to take care of the children. To help, some companies are changing the work rules. These companies are trying to be more family-friendly.
What are companies doing to become family-friendly? Many companies are allowing their employees (雇员) to work flexible (灵活的) hours. With flexible hours, people can work full time, but they don’t have to work to a nine-to-five schedule. Some employees choose to come early and leave early. Some employees choose to work ten hours one day and six hours the next. Most companies say that flexible hours increase productivity. In the United States, about one-third of full-time employees have flexible work schedules.
Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to share one job. Each employee does half the job and gets half the salary. In the United States, 27% of the companies offer some kind of job sharing.
Many family-friendly companies also give paid leave to both parents when a baby is born. In many countries, employers have to give female workers time off before and after the birth of a child. In the United States, for example, female employees get 12 weeks of unpaid time off. New mothers can stay at home, but they don t get their salary. In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child. In Finland, for example, both male and female employees get paid leave. Women get 105 days of paid leave and men get 42.
The way people work is changing. For many people, that is a good thing.
1. Some companies make some changes in their work rules to ________.A.enable parents to take care of their children |
B.give parents more time to relax |
C.provide parents with more job opportunities |
D.allow parents to work at home |
A.can arrange their work time themselves | B.can work with their babies around |
C.must work from nine to five | D.must share jobs with others |
A.Employers become busier with flexible hours. |
B.Employers have enough time to look after their children. |
C.Employees can get job-sharing opportunities in some American companies. |
D.Employees can have three months’ paid leave in some American companies. |
A.they have physical problems | B.they have a new baby |
C.they do a good job | D.they do extra work |
A.companies’ work rules about getting leave |
B.ways of job sharing in some companies |
C.job opportunities for female employees |
D.some companies’ family-friendly rules |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】HOW TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT?
Perhaps, you are a smart person with good knowledge and creative ideas, but when you move to a new environment or have to work with some new people, it is not always easy for them to recognize you or respect you immediately. How can you get along with others?
Have a good sense of judgement on important aspects. Learning or working in a new environment, you need to have a good sense of judgement when joining a discussion or making a decision.
Be confident and make eye contact when talking to people. When you go out and meet people, it is important to look confident.
Set clear goals to accomplish.
Be helpful to others. When working, don’t focus on what is your work and what isn’t. After doing your own work, always be ready to help others.
A.When working together with others, it is important that you have a clear vision and a working plan to achieve it. |
B.You should get on well with other people, and be willing to give them a hand. |
C.You should consider what is virtually right, and make the best choices for the future. |
D.How can you stand out and get promoted? |
E.Be curious and be willing to learn new things, knowledge and skills. |
F.For example, if you are going to an interview, but you don’t feel confident, what can you do? |
G.How can you get other people to pay attention to you and respect you? |
【推荐2】“No pains, no gains.” gives the impression that we ought to be suffering while we study. It seems that the only way to know if we’re putting in enough work is how much hardship we bear. We are totally taken up with study, shutting ourselves away for a big exam. Is that necessarily true?
When we haven’t taken the time to come up with another idea, we just shut ourselves in a room with a book. It’s no surprise that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off. Shutting ourselves away can make us learn to hate studying, leading to a situation where instead of being able to concentrate on our work, we are troubled by how unfair it is that we must study. This can be part of a vicious cycle(恶性循环) that traps us into ineffective revision, your poor progress fueling further annoyance.
Thankfully, working in the company of other people really helps fight against that. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions. It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just idle(懒散的)company. People, who are bored and looking to be distracted, are terrible to work around. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. While studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. Of course, it’s also a good idea to avoid the company of people involved in activities where you would rather be playing than study. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is most likely to end with a new high score in games rather than productive revision.
If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noises. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. Besides, we should know friends and family can lessen feelings of isolation(孤立). And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it’s important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize.
1. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to ___________.A.introduce an effective studying means |
B.encourage us to work as hard as possible |
C.remind us to balance activities and study |
D.discuss the importance of family company |
A.Revision is interesting and easy with study techniques for certain. |
B.Shutting ourselves away can help concentrate on work. |
C.A favorable interest might lead to effective revision. |
D.Good ideas are needed in terms of progress. |
A.playing video games is helpful for an effective study |
B.one shouldn’t study with the company of a video player |
C.one should study from certain activities that one is interested in |
D.the more time one spends in playing games, the higher test scores one will get |
A.think twice before taking any action |
B.give up others’ company at once |
C.give indication of not wanting to be interrupted |
D.force yourself to be accustomed to the environment |
【推荐3】How to Deal With a Depressed Family Member
When it comes to dealing with a depressed family member, it can be hard to know how you should act and what you can do to help.
Watch their sleeping patterns. People with depression tend to go to one extreme or the other when it comes to sleep.
Offer support. Your support of their recovery process is one of the most valuable things you can offer someone struggling with depression.
Ask direct questions. To help your family, try to know what they are experiencing. There can be lots of things going on, so you have to ask direct questions to get to the heart of it.
A.It will help them feel less alone. |
B.You may ask the following questions. |
C.Recognize that it is a real physical illness. |
D.Your loved one can get help for depression. |
E.Recognize that their illness is not your fault but theirs. |
F.They either can’t sleep at all or sleep this way too much. |
G.To have positive interaction, you should learn to approach them. |
【推荐1】At about 54, the average age of retirement in China is among the lowest in the world. This is a problem. Since standards were set. life expectancy has increased while the number of working adults-those whose labor, in fact, supports retirees--has begun to drop.
But persuading people to work longer is proving hard. In 2008 the government said it was thinking about raising retirement ages, but backed away with a public protest. Now it feels it can wait no longer.
The pressure to act is evident. Current retirement ages were set in the 1950s, when the average person was expected to die before reaching that stage. For most men in China the age is6o, much lower than the average of 64.2 in the OECD, a club mostly of rich countries. Yet life expectancy in China is now just two years short of the OECD average of 79, so Chinese retirees on a state pension (养老金) usually needs several more years of support from government funds than those in rich world.
In 2019 the public-pension system covered almost 1billion adults, more than any other such organization in the world. The country’s main pension fund may run out of money by 2035, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, an official think-tank, has warned.
The government appears not yet to have decided how to reform the system. The current five-year economic plan contains merely a sentence on the topic, calling for adjustment in “small steps”. But its inclusion means that changes are all but certain to begin before the plan ends in 2025. After the plan for older Chinese to work longer was revealed, it became a hot issue. On Weibo, posts tagged with “postpone the retirement age” have launched more than 100, 000 discussions. Many comments have been critical. In 2020 a survey of 96, 000 people found that more than 80% opposed later retirement. They wondered whether they would have the strength to keep working into their 60s.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A.Most people lived longer than 60 in China in the 1950s. |
B.Current pension fund may not last long with growing retirees. |
C.Decreasing number of adults alone leads to pension problem. |
D.Retirees in China get more pension than those in rich countries. |
A.Some announced goals are hard to achieve. |
B.Measures are sure to be taken before 2025. |
C.Ways to change the system have been confirmed. |
D.Details of adjustment should be mentioned. |
A.Objective. | B.Doubtful. | C.Supportive. | D.Opposed. |
A.Problems of aging population in China. |
B.An expected five-year economic plan. |
C.A heated debate on longer working time. |
D.Delayed retirement to be carried out. |
【推荐2】Cheating is considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities across the US have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating.
We frequently hear about “the good old days”, when Americans were better, happier, and more honest. But were they more honest? Maybe yes, a long time ago when life was very different from what it is today.
School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he’d overcharged a customer. It’s the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true — unlike the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. Washington’s first biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my ax.” What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.
And these are just two stories out of many. Students in the last century usually didn’t read “fan” stories. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends.
Parents may have further reinforced those values. It’s difficult to know. We do know that children didn’t hear their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes — there weren’t any. The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society.
Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow (起伏). When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down.
Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesn’t seem linked to the economy. Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating — a person may feel “they don’t trust me anyway,” and be tempted to “beat the system.” Distrust can be contagious (传染的). But, so can trust!
1. Why does the author mention the two stories of Lincoln and Washington?A.To show Lincoln is more admired than Washington. |
B.To introduce the topic to be discussed. |
C.To compare them with the presidents today. |
D.To prove honesty used to be very important in American character. |
A.Those who do something evil will have to answer for it. |
B.Those who steal will be put to prison. |
C.Those who cheat will be sentenced. |
D.Those who don’t behave themselves will die young. |
A.Family life. |
B.Fun stories. |
C.Economic condition. |
D.School education. |
A.Distrust will result in dishonesty sometimes. |
B.The measures to stop cheating in schools are badly taken. |
C.Dishonesty is a long-time discouragement. |
D.There will never be an effective way to stop cheating. |
A.High grades. |
B.Self-confidence. |
C.Discipline. |
D.Strong wills. |
【推荐3】New research from Barclays Life Skills found that 70% of the British noticed language changes at work over the last five years. Gen Z, people aged 18-24, appears to be leading the change. “Our research shows that the next generation are clearly going to make their mark on the workforce when it comes to how we communicate,” said Kirstie Mackey, head of Barclays Life Skills.
“Yours truly”, “Yours sincerely”, and “To whom it may concern” were the three phrases mostly likely to disappear from the workplace within the next ten years. “Compliments” and “Respects” at the end of an email were the fourth and fifth most likely to go extinct. While these phrases are behind the times in the eyes of the British, “thanks!” and “thanks so much” were found to be increasingly popular, with 46% and 50% of respondents (受访者) saying these were friendly responses.
Other more informal phrases, however, were considered to be more divisive — simply going with the short form for thank you, “ta!” was considered over-familiar by 29% of respondents, but friendly by 23%. And “hiya” was viewed as friendly by 42%, but as over-familiar by 26%.
The survey shows 49% of Gen Z often use immediate messaging platforms at work, but just 27% of those aged over 55 do so. That age group still prefers email, saying this method feels more professional.
Language expert Laura Bailey says the change toward a more informal way goes hand in hand with the appearance of workplace messaging platforms. “The generational differences can be explained by broader changes in what different age groups were familiar with,” Bailey said.
While traditional letter-writing styles translate into any form of written communication for older workers, younger ones have been influenced by changing language styles that spread quickly through social media, Bailey added.
Barclays Life Skills’ Mackey said that given office-proper language was changing, there were a few things to remember. Avoiding over-familiarity with co-workers and making sure your tone (语气) is considered as friendly were two of them, she said. Another important consideration was whether a short message or email would be enough to express what you want to say, and thinking about which choice the email receiver would favor, Mackey suggested.
1. What did the new research find about Gen Z?A.They prefer formal language in the workplace. |
B.They show less interest in new style of communication. |
C.They place higher importance on direct communication. |
D.They drive the changes in communication styles at work. |
A.They’re extinct. | B.They’re friendly. |
C.They’re over-familiar. | D.They’re old-fashioned. |
A.They may replace emails soon. | B.They make office language informal. |
C.They are more convenient than emails. | D.They are destroying the English language. |
A.Use formal and proper language. |
B.Consider the message receiver’s preference. |
C.Keep their distance from senior co-workers. |
D.Avoid sending short emails to familiar people. |
【推荐1】What’s in a logo?
What attracts customers?
There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is important, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world.
Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the consumers.
A.One of the most famous logos is that of Coca Cola. |
B.Colour isn’t a strictly visual element; it’s very psychological. |
C.In different cultures, different colours carry different meanings. |
D.Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style. |
E.There was a time when Coca Cola was struggling a bit with brand recognition. |
F.Obviously the quality of a product does, but visual images contribute a great deal. |
G.They are symbols which often include a name or the first letters of it to identify a company. |
【推荐2】Saving Money
Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are saving to buy a dictionary or to go to a concert, then you probably keep your money somewhere in your room.
If you are saving for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip, where would you save your money?
One place to save money is the bank. Putting your money in a savings account will help your money earn more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank (猪形储蓄罐子), one year later you'll still have the same amount of money you put in. If you put your money in a savings account, one year later, you'll have more money than you put in. Why?
When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. Interest is the amount of money a bank pays you to use your money. The bank uses your money (and the money of other people, too) to loan money to people and businesses.
The bank will send you a statement several times a year. A bank statement tells you how much money there is in your account. It also tells you how much interest you have earned. If you leave your money in the bank, you can watch it grow!
Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD. If you have some money that you don't need to use for a long time, this is a good way to make your money grow.
You can buy a CD at a bank. You agree not to use the money for a certain period of time. That period might be from six months to five years. You can't touch your money during that time. If you do, you must pay a penalty, or fee.
Since the bank is using your money for that time period, it will pay you interest. You will earn more interest with a CD than in a savings account. Can you guess why? It's because you promise to leave your money in the bank for a certain period of time. Banks pay different rates of interest. So, you may want to compare rates in newspaper ads before buying a CD.
1. Which way will help your money earn more money?A.Putting your money in your room. | B.Putting your money in a piggy bank. |
C.Putting your money in your pocket. | D.Putting your money in a savings account. |
A.a bank lends to people | B.a bank loans to businesses |
C.a bank pays you | D.a bank uses |
A.the amount of money you have in the bank |
B.the current rates of interest |
C.the current rates of exchange |
D.the best way to save your money |
A."deposit" | B."borrow" |
C."use" | D."cash" |
【推荐3】Twenty years ago, crises like the California’s wildfires and Hurricane Laura that occurred last year could have been described as “natural disasters”. Thanks to climate change, this is no longer the case. Around mid-August last year, the temperature in Death Valley once reached the highest ever recorded on Earth. A hotter, drier California is much more likely to burst into flames. The Gulf of Mexico too is heating up. Hurricanes draw their energy from the warmth of the surface waters and so are becoming stronger and more likely to increase. Perhaps we should call these events in a new term, “man-made natural disasters”.
People now play such an important role on the planet. By cutting down forests and digging mines and building cities, we’ve changed half of the ice-free land on Earth. With our advanced tools, we move around more earth than all the world’s rivers and streams. As a result, all sorts of disasters extend across the line between man and nature. Many earthquakes, for example, are now caused by human activity. Meanwhile, as the climate continues to warm, wildfires will grow even larger and storms more damaging.
What’s to be done? According to some scientists, the best way to deal with human intervention in the natural world is to intervene better. Old technologies got us into this situation; new ones will get us out. Supporters of this view note the striking advances that are being made all the time, in fields ranging from computing to material science. To prevent climate change, engineers have built machines that take CO2 out of the air. Today the numbers are limited, but perhaps one day they’ll be as common as telephones.
As for me, I think that the choice we face is not whether to change the world; that decision unfortunately has been made. The decision going forward is how are we going to change it. Over the years I’ve interviewed scores of scientists, inventors, and industrialists, and I’m continually impressed by how clever humans are as a species. But then the wind blows in smoke from 3,000 miles away, and I’m reminded of how dangerous we are as well.
1. What does the first two paragraphs want to tell us?A.Natural disasters have become much more severe. |
B.People have changed the earth with advanced tools. |
C.Natural disasters now are caused by human activity. |
D.People now play such an important role on the planet. |
A.To prove that greenhouse effect problems are solvable. |
B.To explain that we can intervene better in the natural world. |
C.To show that technological advances are striking all the time. |
D.To indicate that new technologies will be very common one day. |
A.we should not change the world any more |
B.we should feel proud of humans’ intelligence |
C.we should reconsider the way we change the world |
D.people should be aware of the potential threat from human activity |