【推荐1】Eradajere Oleita now lives in Detroit. She thinks she may have a partial solution for two of the country’s persistent (持续的) problems: garbage and _________ It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student is asking a favour of local snack _________ Rather than litter your empty chip bags, _________ them so she can turn them into sleeping bags.

Chip-eaters _________ their bags at two locations in Detroit, where Oleita and her _________ collect them. It takes about four hours to _________ a sleeping bag, each taking around 300 chip bags. The _________ is a sleeping bag that is “lightweight and waterproof,” Oleita told the media.

Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected over 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, _________ 110 sleeping bags.

Sure, it would be _________ to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the __________ for Oleita and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making a difference not only socially, but __________” she says.

Of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would __________ land in the garbage and using them to help the __________ . And it’s surely a(n) __________ that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told hourdetroit.com: “I think it’s time to __________ connections between all of these issues.”

【推荐2】Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second _______. He learned the value and beauty of _______ there from a very young age. 

When he was 16, Molai began to notice something _______ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _______ it caused had driven away a number of birds._______, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _______ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the _______. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _______ during the daytime. He turned to the _______ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and ________ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

________ young plants in the dry season was ________ for a lone boy. Molai built at the ________ of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to ________ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.

Molai ________ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.

【推荐1】Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our   ______ , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources,   ______ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is   ______a grassland than a spaceship—a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental   ______. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists”, as they call themselves, want to   ______ its aims and assumptions. What do they say, and will their ideas take off? To its   ______, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is   ______ in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.

There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the   ______, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a simple   ______ which does not take account of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors.   ______ they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), a composite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person   ______ in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-guru, is a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held   ______.

Mainstream economists are   ______. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists   ______ self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already   ______safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.

【推荐3】Now at some level, all moms and dads know they shouldn’t yell at kids. But if you don’t ________ or talk angrily, how do you discipline (管教)?

For thousands of years, the Inuit have ________an ancient tool: storytelling. Designed to improve kids’ behaviors and sometimes ________save their lives, oral stories are passed down from one ________ to the next. For example, how do you teach kids to ________the ocean? Instead of ________, “Don’t go near the water!” Inuit parents take a unique ________and tell kids a special story about what’s inside the water.

________, those stories seemed to me too scary for little children. And my initial reaction was to ________ them. But my opinion changed after I watched my own daughter’s response to ________tales — and after I learned more about humanity’s complex relationship with storytelling.

Oral storytelling is what’s known as a human ________ . For tens of thousands of years, it has been a key way that parents teach children about values and how to ________. Modern hunter-gatherer groups use ________ to teach sharing, respect for others and conflict avoidance. With the Agta, a hunter-gatherer population of the Philippines, good storytelling skills are ________ more than hunting skills or medicinal knowledge.

Today many parents outsource their oral storytelling to screens, which also ________. We learn best through things that are ________ to us. And stories, by their ________, can have lots of things in them that are much more interesting in a way that bare ________ don’t. Stories with a dash of danger ________ kids like magnets (磁石). And they turn a tension-ridden activity like disciplining into a ________ interaction. So, don’t discount the playfulness of storytelling