THE GROWING PROBLEM OF E-WASTE
The term e-waste is short for “electronic waste”. It refers to electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed. These include computers, televisions, ovens, and basically anything else that runs on batteries or has an electrical cord.
E-waste has been a problem since the 1970s because of how difficult it is to separate things like metal and plastic from various products. Also, many electronics contain toxic materials that can pollute the environment if left in landfills. Over the past few decades, the problem of e-waste has only increased along with advancements in technology.
E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream around the world. The total amount of e-waste created every year is expected to reach 74 million tons by the year 2030. Currently, it’s estimated that only about 17 percent of global e-waste is properly recycled. However, the United Nations hopes to bring that number up to 30 percent by the end of 2023.
With more people using smartphones and computers every year, the problem of e-waste cannot be ignored. To increase the recycling rate of e-waste items, cities should consider adding special collection boxes at grocery stores or government offices. There should also be delivery or pick-up services for e-waste items. That way, these items can be sent directly to people who are able to properly take them apart and recover their useful components.
Despite current difficulties, e-waste has great recycling potential. In addition to the items thrown away, lots of people keep old devices that aren’t used anymore. As a whole, they add up to a lot of metals and minerals that can, and should, be recycled. If these components are recycled to make new products, there would be less of a need to dig for more around the world.
So, if you must replace your phone or computer, try returning the device to the manufacturer or dropping it off at an e-waste processing facility if there is one nearby.
1. What does “electronic waste” refer to?2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
3. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
▶In order to reduce e-waste, people had better keep old devices that aren’t used anymore or drop them off in special collection boxes.
4. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, please share your way(s) to reduce e-waste. (About 40 words)
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【推荐1】Honey can be used to measure air pollution, according to a new study from researchers at the University of British Columbia’s Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research (PCIGR).
The research, which was recently published in Nature Sustainability, drew on a survey of urban beehives (蜂房) around Vancouver that contained small levels of lead, according to The New York Times. Using beehives to measure pollutants could be a cost-effective way to monitor what is in the air.
“The good news is that the chemical composition of honey in Vancouver reflects its environment and is extremely clean,” the study’s lead author Kate E. Smith told the school’s website. “We also found that the concentration of elements increased the closer you got to downtown Vancouver, and that the lead largely came from man-made sources.”
The Vancouver area honey showed levels that were below the global average for things like lead, and the University of British Columbia website said someone would “have to consume more than 600 grams, or two cups, of honey every day to exceed tolerable levels.”
Hives for Humanity, a nonprofit in Vancouver, started the study when it asked a professor at the University of British Columbia to look at honey for pollutants. Through the honey samples alone, Smith said the researchers could find higher concentrations of lead in areas with heavy traffic or industrial activity. Researchers also noted that the lead wasn’t traceable to any local sources, which led them to think that large ships entering Vancouver from Asia could be the source of the pollutants.
“One of the exciting parts of this study is that it bridges science with community interests,” Smith told the school’s website. “Honey sampling can easily be performed by citizen scientists in other urban centers, even if they lack other environmental monitoring skills.”
1. Using beehives to measure pollutants could _______.A.be an efficient method to see what is in the air |
B.keep the environment from being polluted |
C.monitor what happened to the air |
D.cost a large amount of money |
A.Downtown Vancouver is pretty clean. |
B.The lead comes from man-made product. |
C.The environment of Vancouver is not bad. |
D.Human is responsible for the concentration of lead. |
A.The problem of lead is easy to settle. |
B.Ships from Asia are related to the pollutants. |
C.Honey can be used to reveal lead and other pollutants. |
D.Heavy traffic and industrial activity produce more lead. |
A.The Importance of Honey |
B.Environmental Monitoring Skills |
C.Honey--Measure Lead and Pollution |
D.How to Look at Honey for Pollutants |
【推荐2】The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth.The more people,the more pollution.Many years ago,the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place,man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious.It’s bad for all living things in the world,but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving,there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it.That means keeping the land,water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. What makes our world become much smaller?A.Science development. | B.The rise in population. |
C.The pollution on the earth. | D.The strong wind. |
A.It was much easier than today. | B.It was much harder than today. |
C.It was the same as today. | D.It was hard to describe. |
A.Rubbish. | B.Water pollution. |
C.Air pollution. | D.Noise pollution. |
A.Making rules to fight pollution. | B.Drinking as little water as possible. |
C.Stop buying new things. | D.Only walking to work. |
【推荐3】When Carnevali’s son started at St Mary primary school in London, he was alarmed to find that pupils were sometimes kept indoors at break times, despite a large playground.
The reason was the nearby six-lane road, which has up to 100,000 vehicles thundering past the school each day. As evidence mounted about the impact of gas waste on children’s health, the headteacher restricted time outside.
Carnevali and other parents decided to take action. Within months they had crowdfunded almost £100,000, and last month a 126-metre “living wall” of 12,000 plants was installed (安装) as part of a clean-air initiative at the school. They hope the wall will transform one of London’s most polluted schools into one of its greenest.
St Mary’s living wall is one of many being installed around the country by local authorities and private developers. Tennis fans may have noticed two enormous living walls placed on both sides of the giant outdoor screen at this year’s Wimbledon championships.
“Demand is definitely growing. It’s being mainly driven by local authorities, but also a greater awareness in the private sector of the need for sustainable architecture.” According to Benz Kotzen of the Green Roofs and Living Walls Centre at the University of Greenwich, “We need every tool to try to improve things, and there just isn’t enough capacity in urban environments to create green infrastructure at ground level.”
Living walls range from simple wire structures to support climbing plants to complicated modular systems, using soil and solar-powered irrigation (灌溉). The cost ranges from £200 to £800 per square metre. Living walls will die if they’re not maintained regularly, but the challenge is that it must be done at height.
Not everyone is a fan of the trend towards vertical (垂直的) gardens.
“They’re not a solution, except for the wealthy,” said Mick Crawley, professor of plant ecology at Imperial College London. “There are much cheaper and more effective ways of improving air quality. Local authorities struggling to pay for essential services will be better advised to plant trees.”
1. What made the headteacher restrict children’s break times outside?A.A jammed playground. | B.Poor air quality. | C.Constant traffic flow. | D.A tight schedule. |
A.It is installed to increase biodiversity. |
B.It is designed to make the school green. |
C.It is meant for the Wimbledon championships. |
D.It is funded by local authorities and private developers. |
A.Its cost. | B.Its market. | C.Its structure. | D.Its height. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Uncertain. | C.Flexible. | D.Casual. |
【推荐1】The will to live more sustainably is certainly growing in the UK, even if many are still unsure about how to put that into action.
Most have become well acquainted with recycling paper, cardboard, metal and glass, thanks in large part to council-provided recycling bins for each household. But when it comes to more difficult to recycle items, many households are all at sea. It is the case that the UK is rapidly becoming one of the worst offenders for e-waste in the world. Although it takes a little more conscious waste management, there are ways that you can recycle these more tricky household items and reduce your environmental impact.
E-waste like phones and laptops contains precious metals, like gold, nickel and copper, which leak toxins into the ground when they decompose (分解). Recycling the metals in electronics is vital then to lessen the tech industry’s environmental and social impact. For mobile phones, your retailer might already have a recycling initiative set up. O2 and Virgin Media offer customers money in exchange for their old devices, depending on their condition. As for old clothes, lots of shops, like M&, now offer clothes donation banks in-store, while councils are getting in on the act with on-street clothes recycling points. You can also sell your clothes or donate them to charity—second hand apps like Depop have already ensured that the resale market in Britain grew at an impressive speed. Mattresses (床垫) are especially difficult to get rid of when they reach their end of life, and many of us are resorting to landfill. Many of the materials in mattresses, such as box springs, are not biodegradable (可生物降解的), so it is better to save them from landfill by reusing them. Companies like Collect Your Old Bed pick up your old mattress and bed parts and take them to be dismantled and recycled.
Individual acts alone can’t fix social ills. But each of us can do our part to put more energy into the search for solutions.
1. What can we know from the second paragraph?A.The UK is the world’s largest e-waste producer. |
B.The British are having difficulty in handling e-waste. |
C.The UK lacks relevant technology to deal with e-waste. |
D.The British aren’t equipped with knowledge about waste recycling. |
A.By giving definitions. | B.By explaining concepts. |
C.By providing examples. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.Donating extra items to non-profit organizations. | B.Purchasing new devices to replace old ones. |
C.Abandoning outdated digital products. | D.Sending old mattresses to the landfill. |
A.Negative impacts of e-waste. | B.Ways to recycle tricky items. |
C.Resource conservation efforts. | D.Sustainable practices of the British. |
【推荐2】A study found that of young Danes who played video games in English, those who did so regularly outside school scored higher on English vocabulary tests than their peers who did not.
With video games, “all of sudden English becomes an instrument, something that's very useful for them in order to progress in the game, "says the author of the study, Signe Hannibal Jensen, professor at the University of Southern Denmark. This changes kids' focus from "learning to learn", as in a classical school setting, to "learning to play".
It makes sense that “the very things that we can't drag out of students in school are the kinds of things that they're doing for fun on their own outside school,” says Steven Thorne, a professor of second language acquisition at Portland State University. “You're sharing an activity. You're sharing a passion,” he says.
The language learning isn't only effective in learning English. From Internet-spotty central Pennsylvania, Fiona Girotti explained how her love of K-pop led her to turn to an online gaming platform she used to learn Korean. She says learning grammar online is tough, and gaming isn't a direct replacement for in-person- instruction. “But you get good at conversations, sentences, and things you can say to anyone,” says Fiona.
And her online language practice is working. When Ms. Girotti listens to pop now, she can understand many words. It's not really the same as being in class, though. “Of course, classes are structured. When you're just me, earning independently, you don't really understand the grammar,” she says. She uses a grammar app on her phone to understand tricky sentences.
Dr. Thorne notes that video games are not a perfect solution. "Some gaming environments are very language heavy and language rich. Others don't really require much language at all,"he says. He warns that gaming isn't always good, and players can become dependent on games. But combine a quality, communication-dependent game with the 15 hours a week kids spend gaming, and learning will come out of that, he says.
In the future, video games might become a more practical option among the instruments language learners already use, including phone apps, podcasts. YouTube videos, and in-person instruction Jonathon Reinhardt, an associate professor at the University of Arizona and president of the Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium(CALICO), says it makes sense that gaming would increasingly enter into more formal classroom settings. “What we're going to see is generation who grows up with games and recognizes their potential as learning objects,” he says. “They have the skills and the abilities to build these sorts of things.”
1. How do video games help learn English according to Signe Hannibal Jensen?A.They can encourage players to learn English | B.They can help players learn English grammar. |
C.They can provide an easy way to learn English. | D.They can improve players' focus while learning. |
A.Students should take online language courses. | B.Students should do activities independently. |
C.Students can hardly have fun at school | D.Students are willing to learn for fun. |
A.It is not necessary to learn grammar in class |
B.K-pop contributes to foreign language learning. |
C.Online gaming can help improve spoken language |
D.Video games can be as efficient as in-person instruction |
A.Worried. | B.Confident. | C.Negative. | D.Careful. |
【推荐3】It hadn't been easy, but Elia Gonzalez had always managed to keep her family fed by stretching her husband's modest income as a cook at a restaurant in Puerto Rig's capital, San Juan. But that changed in mid-March, when those bars closed and her daughter's school, where she'd gotten free breakfast and lunch, did too.
By April 20, Elia and her husband had to skip meals to save food for their children. Still, by the end of April, all they could give their children was a bowl of rice with an egg mixed in.
Her sons, 4 and 5-year-olds, would ask for more. But her oldest daughter, Angellia, a talkative kindergartener, tried to comfort her mother.
“She said, 'Mama, I'm still hungry', Elia said, “but she told me it was OK because she was big and could wait until I got more food. That hit me hard."
A study in 2015 found that 22 percent of adults reported skipping meals because they didn't have money for food in Puerto Rico. "Now, the rate is much higher,“ said Jose Caraballo-Cueto, co-author of the study. "The unemployment rate has risen to 46 percent and the average saving rate here is zero. "
The worsening food crisis has brought people in Puerto Rico closer. Christel Galindez, a community leader, has been picking up thirty cooked meals a day from a church near her home and delivering them to different families every day. "Do you know when people are really in need?” Christel asked. "When you show up with a plate of food and they start to cry!"
During her daily food delivery run last Wednesday, she drove up to Elia's front door playing a birthday song through her car's speakers. Angellia rushed out with a big smile and started dancing to the music when Christel handed three containers of food and three cupcakes to her mother.
"Thank you so much. Today happened to be Angellia's sixth birthday. But I had nothing in the kitchen," said Elia, who was struggling to hold back her tears.
1. Where had Elia's daughter got her breakfast and lunch on her schooldays?A.At home. | B.At her father's restaurant. |
C.At school. | D.At a church in the neighborhood. |
A.To summarize the previous paragraphs. | B.To provide answers to the problem. |
C.To add some background information. | D.To introduce a new topic for discussion. |
A.She was on her way to help those in need. |
B.She was sent by a church to deliver food. |
C.She came to celebrate Elia's birthday. |
D.She made some cupcakes for the children. |
A.Angellia, a Lovely Girl | B.The Health Crisis in San Juan |
C.Crisis Can Bring People Closer | D.Hunger Spreads Quickly in Puerto Rico |