Last May, “eco-mermaid (生态美人鱼)” Merle Liivand broke her own world record for swimming with a single fin (鳍). She swam the distance of a full marathon in the rough waters of Biscayne Bay, Florida. She even picked trash out of the water as she swam.
Liivand was born in Estonia. As a child, she had health problems, and engaged in swimming to help her lungs get stronger. She was soon taking part in open water swimming contests, sometimes even in icy water.
Eleven years ago, Liivand moved to Miami, Florida, where she continued swimming in the ocean. In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some plastic that was floating in the sea. That experience made her think of all the sea animals that faced similar pollution every day. She decided to make people more aware of plastic pollution, which she calls a “plastic pandemic”.
Thinking about sea creatures gave Liivand the idea of swimming with a special single swimming fin attached to both of her feet. This rubbery “monofin” allows her to swim by kicking both of her legs together. “Swimming with the monofin without using my arms is similar to how dolphins and other marine animals swim,” says Liivand. She believes that swimming with a monofin sends a bigger message.
Liivand first set the world record for swimming with a monofin in 2019, when she swam 6.2 miles off the coast of California. In 2020, she broke the record again by swimming 12.8 miles in Miami, Florida. On 7 May last year, Liivand broke the record once more, this time swimming the length of a full marathon. It took her 11 hours and 54 seconds to swim 26.2 miles. The water was rough, and she ran into a few problems, but she didn’t stop. “I got stung (蛰) by jellyfish,” she said, “and kept telling myself that it was not the time to cry.”
Liivand picked up all the trash she found and put it in a kayak (皮划艇). By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash. “This isn’t just about a record. It’s about helping the community and the world,” she says.
1. Why did Liivand start swimming?A.To protect sea creatures. | B.To get trash out of the sea. |
C.To improve her physical condition. | D.To participate in swimming contests. |
A.Her moving to Miami, Florida. | B.Her training accident in the sea. |
C.Her experience of saving sea animals. | D.Her swimming with a rubbery monofin. |
A.Self-confident and optimistic. | B.Hard-working and ambitious. |
C.Well-educated and independent. | D.Strong-minded and determined. |
A.“Eco-Mermaid” tries to break her own records |
B.“Eco-Mermaid” loves swimming with a monofin |
C.“Eco-Mermaid” develops a unique way of swimming |
D.“Eco-Mermaid” swims a marathon to fight plastic pollution |
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【推荐1】Some years ago, Michel-Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship——but why? Only later, after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound pollution from ships did it become clear that there was a link.
The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously. “We never thought that this could be something that could kill,” recalls (回忆) Andre, who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona.
Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and animal communication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before.
It was not an easy task. Sound waves don't travel through water in the uniform, predictable way they do through the air. Instead, the temperature, salinity (盐度) and, flow of water have great effects on their path.
What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are statistically less likely to meet animals. It’s also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.
As for dealing with the root cause of the problem, the UN’s International Maritime Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships, but it will be a while before the effects of such changes might be observed.
“The ocean is not our world,” comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.
1. What does the underlined word “desensitised” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Stubborn. | B.Flexible. | C.Dull. | D.Friendly. |
A.To lower the speed of ships. |
B.To reduce the number of ships. |
C.To set up preserves under the sea. |
D.To give the injured animals timely treatment. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Disapproving. | C.Positive. | D.Uncaring. |
A.A great expert. | B.Noise in the sea. |
C.Animals in the sea. | D.Sea exploration technology. |
【推荐2】As the world’s climate changes, ocean warming is getting faster and sea levels are rising more quickly, warns a new report. The report also discusses a relatively new problem appearing in the oceans: heat waves.
The unusually hot water affected animals that live off the coast of Maine, which are important to the local fishing economy (经济). What’s more, it quickly became clear that the state wasn’t alone. “Heat wave events have popped up all over the ocean.” says Andrew Pershing, scientific officer at the Gulf of Maine Research Institute. “We’ve actually had three huge heat waves in the Gulf of Maine—2012, 2016 and 2018—and now we’re looking at repeat heat waves in the northern Pacific; Australia’s also had some repeat heat waves.”
That’s a big deal for coastal communities whose economies depend on fish and other seafood. Heat waves in recent years drove a lot of changes in life off the coast of the Pacific Northwest, which in turn led to disastrous seasons for fishermen. Unusually hot water supported the growth of algae that polluted the Dungeness crab (螃蟹) fishery on the West Coast, shutting it down for months. At the same time, the hot water off the coast led to continuous dry weather on land, which killed large numbers of salmon (鲑鱼) and raised the risk of wildfires.
The report suggests actions to slow ocean warming and rising and to adapt to its influences. Most importantly, the authors support what has been known for many years: Greenhouse gas emissions (排放物) are the main driver of changes in the world’s oceans, and the global economy must make a complete change to reduce those emissions.
“Even if we cut carbon emissions right now, we are still looking at 20 to 30 years of change.” Pershing explains. “That means, no matter what we do, we have to work out how we are going to adapt to these changes.”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A.The results of global climate change. |
B.The increasing frequency of heat waves. |
C.The cause of heat waves in the oceans. |
D.The problem ocean animals are facing. |
A.By presenting research findings. | B.By following the order of time. |
C.By providing examples. | D.By following the order of importance. |
A.We should manage to reduce carbon emissions. |
B.The measures to deal with climate change are useful. |
C.We have a promising future of the world environment. |
D.The influences of climate change on oceans are unavoidable. |
【推荐3】Plastic recycling is a hot topic. But what’s the real face behind it? You diligently sort your rubbish; you dutifully wash your plastic containers; then everything gets thrown in a landfill or in the ocean anyway. According to one analysis, only 9% of all plastic ever made has likely been recycled. Here’s the kicker: the companies making all that plastic have spent millions on advertising campaigns lecturing us about recycling while knowing full well that most plastic will never be recycled.
A new investigation by National Public Radio (NPR) and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) reports that the large oil and gas companies that manufacture plastics have known for decades that recycling plastic was unlikely to ever happen on a broad scale because of the high costs involved. “They were not interested in putting any real money or effort into recycling because they wanted to sell raw material,” Larry Thomas, former president of one of the plastic industry’s most powerful trade groups, told NPR. There is a lot more money to be made in selling new plastic than reusing the old stuff. But, in order to keep selling new plastic, the industry had to clean up its wasteful image. “If the public thinks that recycling is working, then they are not going to be so concerned about the environment,” Thomas noted.
We have been successfully convinced that people start pollution and people can stop it and that if we just recycle more, the planet will be OK. To some degree, that is right: there must be a level of personal responsibility when it comes to the climate emergency. We all have to do our part. But individual action is a tiny drop in a heavily polluted ocean. We need systematic change to make a real difference. And, more than anything, we need to change what we value.
1. According to the text, what does the underlined word “kicker” probably mean?A.A player who kicks the football. |
B.An event that is controversial. |
C.An action that is taken to start a plan quickly. |
D.A discovery that is unpleasant and unexpected. |
A.Plastic recycling is necessary and effective. |
B.Large amounts of money are spent on recycling. |
C.The companies try to promote the sales of new material. |
D.The companies prefer to sell recycled material rather than new materials. |
A.Most people have a sense of responsibility. |
B.Plenty of rubbish is dropped into the ocean. |
C.Fighting against pollution calls for joint efforts. |
D.Systematic change was made to reduce pollution. |
【推荐1】One of the most famous literary challenges in history was when Dr. Seuss received a challenge from his publisher that he could only use 50 words to write an entire book. That’s all well and good, but it’s a tough challenge, to be sure. However, Ernest Vincent Wright would no doubt turn up his nose, as he challenged himself to pen an entire 50,000-word novel without once using the letter “e”.
Wright managed to pull it off. The final product was Gadsby, which is about a man named, well, Gadsby, who tries to save his city with the help of a youth group. It took Wright nearly six months to complete the work, and in his introduction pages he mentioned the challenges along the way.
One of the biggest challenges was replacing pronouns, since it’s tough to write a sentence, let alone a novel, without words like “he” or “she” or “her” and so forth. Additionally, he was forced to find ways to work around using past tense words that typically end in “-ed”, which, as you might imagine, is more than a little tricky.
Still, Wright did manage to come up with 50,110 words and a full story without any cheats, making it one of the most successful lipograms (避讳某字之文) in the history of writing. Wright self-published the book in 1939 and it was read primarily by people who tried to find any cheats, so convinced were they that Wright simply must have used the letter.
The entire novel is available online to read for free, as it entered the public domain in 1968. It’s a good thing, too, as the storehouse that contained the majority of the copies burned down, destroying enough of the books that it has since become a rare book collector’s prize, with copies being valued at thousands of dollars.
At the end of the day, of course, it remains a truly great achievement. After all, “e” is the most commonly used letter in English, with more than 11 percent of all words in the Oxford dictionary containing at least one “e”.
1. What did Wright challenge himself to write?A.An entire book with 50 words. |
B.A 50,000-word book in six months. |
C.A 50,000-word book without the letter “e”. |
D.An entire book including “e” 50,000 times. |
A.The difficulties Wright faced. |
B.The plot of Wright’s final product. |
C.The popularity of Wright’s final product. |
D.The smart ways Wright used to replace pronouns. |
A.They considered the book a great success. |
B.They expected the book to be available online. |
C.They wondered what lipograms mean. |
D.They doubted if Wright really made it. |
A.Due to their rarity. |
B.Because Wright won a big prize. |
C.Because they had a really long history. |
D.Due to book collectors’ recommendation. |
【推荐2】It all started with a simple question: “Can I paint your portrait (画像) ?”
In the summer of 2015, Brian Peterson had just moved to Santa Ana, California. Outside his apartment, a homeless man was often yelling on the street corner, sometimes keeping him awake at night.
One day, Peterson was relaxing at home, reading the book Love Does, about the power of love in action, when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man. Inspired by the book’s compassionate message, Peterson made an unexpected decision: he was going to go outside and introduce himself.
In that first conversation, Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris. He’d moved to the city to look for a career in music, but he soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade.
“It was the strangest thing to me,” Peterson recalled later. “I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved in probably a year. But his story, the life inside of him, inspired me.” And even though Peterson, a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art, hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years, he found himself asking if he could paint Faris’ portrait. Faris said yes.
Peterson’s connection with Faris led him to form Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit organization focused on befriending and painting portraits of members of the community who are unhoused.
Peterson sells portraits signed by both subject and artist, putting half into what he calls a “love account” for his model. He then helps people use the money to get back on their feet.
Many of Peterson’s new friends use the donations to secure immediate necessities—medical care and food. But Peterson has learned not to make assumptions about what a person needs most. “I’ve made so many mistakes thinking I knew what people wanted,” he says. “Then I realized: Why don’t we just ask them?”
Faris used the funds to record an album (专辑), fulfilling his musical dreams. Another subject, Kimberly Sondoval, had never been able to financially support her daughter. She asked, “Can I use the money to pay my daughter’s rent?” When the check was delivered, “they both wept in my arms,” Peterson recalls.
1. What made Peterson decide to go outside?A.The desire to practice love. |
B.The boredom of the routine life. |
C.The yelling of a homeless man. |
D.The dream of changing the situation. |
A.He was touched by Farris. |
B.He was persuaded by Farris. |
C.He was attracted by huge profits. |
D.He was pushed by his former education. |
A.Modest and faithful. | B.Organzied and generous. |
C.Hard-working and humorous. | D.Creative and considerate. |
A.The Story of Peterson | B.The Art of Friendship |
C.A Nonprofit Organization | D.A Collection of Portraits |
【推荐3】“Where I grew up, there were not a lot of plants outside,” said Yolanda Palmer. “Some people had them; some people didn’t.”
Palmer, who is from Southwest Philadelphia, discovered her love for plants at the age of 10. Growing up, she developed great skills in growing plants and learned more about nature each and every day.
“As I got a little older, one block in my neighborhood would be filled with flowers and things in the yard,” she said. “But in another block there would be none.”
Since then, Palmer had wanted to share her love of plants with the community. But the dream remained just a seed (种子) while she worked an ordinary day job. Sitting in the company she often thought she had to do something else. Palmer then planted the seed. She started small, selling at a local outdoor market in Southwest Philadelphia and then coming to shows and festivals in Chestnut Hill.
By December 2021, she had her store on German town Avenue, “Foliage”. There, she sells common plants, rare (罕见的) plants, small plants, and large plants. “The goal is to sell them to homeowners to beautify their home and also to clean the air,” she said.
Palmer’s home is in Chestnut Hill, a central gardening center in the city. She hopes her message will be able to reach other communities in the Philadelphia area. “Everyone should buy houseplants. Everyone should want cleaner air,” she said. “And that way, in the future when our children grow up, we can make it better.”
Palmer plans on continuing to work hard to support not only her store, but her boys, four dogs, one cat and 128 plants at home.
1. What did Palmer find when she was young?A.Her neighbors disliked plants. |
B.People knew little about plants. |
C.There were few kinds of plants. |
D.Plants were not seen everywhere. |
A.Managing a gardening center. | B.Running her own plant store. |
C.Beautifying her block with plants. | D.Teaching communities about plants. |
A.Everyone can protect the plants. |
B.More locals will have houseplants. |
C.Children can learn more about plants. |
D.She will have an outdoor market for plants. |
A.From hobby to job: Palmer has made it |
B.From class to work: Palmer’s happy habit |
C.From village to city: Palmer is on the road |
D.From seed to flower: Palmer’s future dream |